Assignment 2

Applied Epidemiology and Biostatistics Course -2021

Q1: Q1: Given data of 06 medical students who when through series of training to enhance their
skills for performing an open heart surgery. The skills of the students were assessed before the start
of the course and at end of training. Using the SPSS output provided below answer the questions

a: What are the two mean values being compared in this study? (1 mark)

b. State the null hypothesis and interpret the results. (5 marks)

Q2: A researcher conducted a study to assess relationship between smoking status and systolic
blood pressure (systolic-BP). The SPSS output provides the analysis conducted to assess the relation.

a. which statistical test was performed by the researcher? And why (3 marks)

b. what is the value of test statistics (1 mark)

b. Interpret the result using p-value (3 marks)

Q3: A researcher conducted a study to assess relationship between smoking status and systolic
blood pressure (systolic-BP). The SPSS output provides the analysis conducted to assess the relation.

a. which statistical test was performed by the researcher? And why (3 marks)

b. Interpret the result using p-value (3 marks)

Q4: A Cross sectional study was conducted to study an association between HIV positivity among
and needle sharing among people who infect drugs (PWID). The SPSS output shows the result of the
study. Answer the following question

a. What is the value of odd ratio (circle the reading) in the out put below (1 mark)

b. Interpret the measure of association (2 marks)

c. What does the association inform about the nature of association between the two variables risk
or protection. Justify your response (4 marks)
MCQs Please circle the correct answer. Each question has ONE correct response ONLY
(1 mark each).

Q1: In the department of Obstetric and Gynecology, two recently delivered mothers had sudden
death. On investigation their X-ray reports showed massive dilated cardiomyopathy. The Consultant
reported these unusual findings in the Journal of CPSP. Which type of study design is this?

a. Cross- sectional study

b. Case Series
c. Prevalence study
d. Case report.

Q2. Which of the following statements define Ecological study in a best way?

a. It cannot directly assess causal inference because they measure disease and exposure in a person
at the same point in time.
b. It can be quick, inexpensive, and allow for multinational comparisons.
c. It is a type of descriptive study that is commonly conducted, partially because an appropriate
control group is easily defined.
d. They are limited by their lack of generalizability, but are powerful in that they directly measure
risk.

Q3. A researcher wishes to see whether there is an association between lung cancer and cigarette
smoking. What study design would he ideally employ for it?

a. Cross-sectional study
b. Case-control study
c. Cohort study
d. All of the above
e. None of the Above
Q4: An intervention was designed to improve the knowledge and performance of LHWs. The
intervention was implemented for 12 months. To assess the impact of the intervention, data was
collection from 100 randomly selected LHWs as baseline. At the end of 12 months 100 LHWs were
again randomly selected and their knowledge was assessed as endline assessment. Average
knowledge score of the LHWs were compared for the end line and baseline assessment to determine
the change in knowledge over time. What statistical test will be performed to determine if there is
any difference between the two means?

a. Pearson chi square

b. paired t-test
c. Anova test
d. independent samples t-test