MAX-GUARD® INTRODUCTION

MAX-GUARD® Properties

Appearance
Clear liquid
pH
6.5-7.5 for 2% solution
Specific gravity
1.07-1.09
Solubility
Water soluble

PERFORMAX - MAX-GUARD 1
 Chemical Description

• Amine salt mixture

• Amines are nitrogen-containing organic compounds
with one or more C-H chains attached to the nitrogen
atom
• Amines can be classed as I°, II°, or III°

Amine Structures

Primary RNH2

Secondary R2NH

Tertiary R3N

PERFORMAX - MAX-GUARD 2
 Amine Chemistry

• Amines are weak bases

• Amines react with acids to produce amine salts
• MAX-GUARD is product from reaction of amine mixture ( I°, II°,
and III°) and carboxylic acid

R3N + RCO2H [R3N-H]+ + [-O2CR]

Base + Acid Salt

MAX-GUARD
Clay Inhibition Mechanism
Cation exchange with shale cations
• MAX-GUARD amine reacts on active sites on clay mineral
platelets
• Electrostatically binding platelets together
• Diminishes clays tendency to absorb water

R3N+
Mg++

Ca++ Na+
10 A

O R3N+
R3N+ R3N+
Na+ Na+

Mg++
Ca++

R3N+

PERFORMAX - MAX-GUARD 3
 MAX-GUARD Concentration Test

Qualitative test to determine if MAX-

GUARD is in filtrate.

Test is run with API filtrate at rig site using

Reinecke salt.

If MAX-GUARD is present, a precipitate

will be observed.

A strong precipitate will indicate at least 1

lb/bbl excess.

Max-Guard Test

Reinecke Salt Solution

3% by weight
1 week shelf life

PERFORMAX - MAX-GUARD 4
 Max-Guard Test

Test Procedure
2ml water
0.5 ml filtrate
8 drops Reinecke salt solution

Cationic Exchange Efficiency

Procedure:
20 20

• Pre-treat freshwater with 3.5 18

16
15
or 7 lb/bbl amine additive 14 13.75
12 11.25
10.6
10
• Mix 1 min 8
Equiv.
6 Bentonite,

• Add 20 lb/bbl MIL-GEL NT 4 lb/bbl

Mix 45 min
0
•
RD

RD
L

/ 7 X -G O L
/ 7 A Y- e
/ 3 CL A RO
s
CL Ba

UA

UA
A TR
T

G
Y-

X-

• Using 2-ml aliquots, perform

A
M
M
.5

.5
/3

w
w

standard MBT digestion and

titration method

PERFORMAX - MAX-GUARD 5
 MAX-GUARD vs. KCl:
Bentonite Suppression Test

80
70
60
50
40 600 rpm
30 300 rpm
200 rpm
20 100 rpm
10 6 rpm
3 rpm
0
D

D
D
e

l
C

KC

KC

C
as

AR

AR
R

K
UA
B

20
75
U

3.

7.
G
G
G

1.
X-

X-
X-

A
A

M
M

0
75

3.

7.
1.

• Pre-treat 1 bbl freshwater with test additive.

• Add 30 lb/bbl MIL-GEL NT.
• Shear 30 min on Multi-mixer.
• Measure rheological and filtration control properties.

Conclusions
MAX-GUARD is the next generation CLAY-TROL and a high performance clay
hydration suppressant for PERFORMAX.

It exhibits:

• excellent bentonite suppression.

• better shale wafer stabilization compared to CLAY-TROL

• superior bentonite suppression, as compared to KCl, CLAY-TROL and Baroid’s

Clayseal Plus.

• qualitative well-site test salt to determine if MAX-GUARD is present in filtrate

PERFORMAX - MAX-GUARD 6