Experiment No.

7
Aim: 7. To design active filters: (a) low pass (b) high passfilter
Apparatus Required Resistors,OpAmp741,and Capacitor(0.1uF), Dual Power Supply.
CRO, Function Generator.

Theory:
Low Pass Filter: A frequency selective electric circuit that passes electrio signals of specified
band of frequencies and attenuates the signals of frequencies outside the brand is called an
electric filter. The first order low pass filter consists of a single RC network connected to the
non-inverting input terminal ofthe operational amplifer, Resisters R1 and RF determine the
gain ofthe filter in the pass band. Thelowpassfilter as maximumgainatf OHz. The frequency
rangesfromOto FHis called the passband the frequency rangef>fhis called the stop band.
The first order low pass butter worth filter uses an RC network for filtering. The op-amp is
used in the non-inverting configuration; hence itdoes notload down the RCnetwork. Resistor
R1 and R2
determinethe gain of the filter
vOVin A/(1+ jtif)
vOVin=Gain of the filter as a function offrequency, Af= 1+ R/Rpass band gain of
filter, F=frequency of the input signal

Fh=1/27RC =High cut off frequency of filter

High Pass Filter

resistor8
High pass filters are often formed simply by interchanging frequency. Determining
and capacitors in LPFs that is, a first order HPF is formed from a first order LPF by
HPF with a lower
interchanging components 'R and 'C' figure. Shows a first order butter worth
cut offfrequency of 'FI'. This is the frequency at which magnitude of the gain is 0.707 timesits pass
band value. Obviously, all frequencies, withthe highestfrequencydeterminate by the closed loop
band width of op-amp. For the first order HPF the output voltage is

V0= [1+Rf /R1] j2nRCVin/(1-j2nfRC)

Circuit Diagram:

Low Pass Filter

RF
5.86KO
R1
10KO
-
15V

R3
r415 Ovo
Vin
100 K
c3 -15V

0.001uF
52
 R2
We
10k
R1

10k
A741 a
c3 100n
500m

R1 RE
5.86 Ka
10KO
High Pass Filer W W-
+15V

c3
741/351 Ove
Vin

0.01pF R3 15v
1.5KO

Procedure
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
of amplitude 2Vp-p to the non-inverting input terminal.
2. Apply sine wave
3. Values the input signal
frequency.
4. Note down the
corresponding output voltage.
dB.
5. Calculate gainin
values.
6. Tabulate the
frequency and gain.
7. Plot agraph between
band from the graph.
band and pass
8. Identify stop

53
 Result and Discussion:
n his obsevued pvacical
Cuk ot- eptrimtnt toe
veaonc
CyoPor OLPF
OLOF it 1-5s kHz rs 15 5oHz
-

htbvai cally Cuk otHPF i t's 15 53kH z.

Error Analysis:
tvA,us fov
YAuUn.cy
OLPF 1t rs- -5q kHz
Ov LPE HPF re is 15.4 KH
fOY HPE
1tvoy 5-F55XI
-5 T.ervov=15.9-15-St

Sq
0:3
15-9
x100
= 6-023xl00 =13
1 5 *l
Learning Outcomes: Can
hou we
exPevimnt, have uavnt
n hi s
dPevational
ckive etltrs Using
s tq
IC,
aNM Put fty4

Tobe filled in by faculty 10 Marks obtained Max

Parameter (Scale from 1-10, 1 for very poor and Marks
Sr. no

excellent)

of the student about the procedure. 18

Understanding

learning outcomes.
Observations and analysisincluding Cleanliness. 10
Discipline and
Completion of experiment, Total
Signature of Faculty Marks
obtained

56
 Worksheet of the
Performance: 20
of
stration Numbe
lO -2
2OG 3
-

student
Date

Re To design active filters: (a) low

pass (6)
observations: high pass
filter.
LPF
SNO Input freuency
Output Ga
G50 H 22 voltage Gain in db
a50 Hz 8V Vsu20
3 310log31
VoVi
7-6v
125 oH 2
2 50 H2 6-2V 3.1GQQ9
2 88 9
2C5oHz
5.2
7.
HPF
S.NO nput frequency
Gain in db
Output Ga
voltage
3-2 KHz 3V volu 20 log Vo/Vi
u 23 KH2 O -6 02
V O
1 5 kH -3.0
Gv Z
86
15 53 KHz O.uv 2. G-LS
L-ulk Hz 108V 2.14
G.83
Attach Graph:
Tho iCal uloe
fov LpF
Calculations: Caloula-inq ain 2T RC

Grai'n - Va
n oin db 159k Hz
-
1olo9 (GHoin fov MPF

RC
7 (187 16
KH2