BASICS OF

PHOTOGRAPHY
K3 APPLY TECHNIQUES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
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 APERTURE

An aperture is basically a hole inside the camera lens

that gets bigger and smaller to let in less or more light.
Just like the pupil in your eye, the bigger the hole the
more light is let in and the smaller the hole the less
light is let in.

https://www.theschoolofphotography.com/tutorials/what-is-aperture-in-
photography
 APERTURE

The Aperture Sequence

Below is a typical aperture sequence found on cameras. Note how
as the hole gets smaller, the aperture number gets bigger. This is
the first confusing thing to get used to and the easiest way to
remember is to just think in opposites. The larger the hole
(aperture), the smaller the number and vice versa. NB. Wider
apertures such as f/2 and f/2.8 will normally only be found on
more expensive zoom lenses or prime lenses.
 APERTURE
Why the f?
Apertures are identified with the letter f in front of them, e.g., f/8. The f stands
for ‘Focal Ratio’. So, when you’re looking at the back of the camera and there
loads of confusing numbers showing, just remember the one with the letter f in
front is your aperture. NB. Not all camera brands show the letter f in front of the
aperture number, if this is the case refer to your camera’s manual to where the
aperture settings are shown.
 APERTURE

Understanding Apertures and F Stops

A stop in photography is halving or doubling the amount of light. Going one-

stop down is halving the amount of light, going one stop up is doubling the
amount of light.

Aperture relation to light

Apertures in stops

As you can see from the images above, when you go from one aperture to the next you move up or down one stop
meaning you either half or double the amount of light. The f-stop is quite simply the f number you’re at i.e., if
your camera is set to f/8 then your currently set to the f-stop of f/8.
 APERTURE

An aperture in photography also controls a visual effect called ‘depth of field’. Depth
of Field or DOF is the distance around the focus point that is sharp.

Depth of Field in Photography. The purple line is the focus point, and the blue box is
the distance around that focus point that is sharp. This is the image’s Depth of Field
 APERTURE

Knowing how to control DOF with apertures will help you create portraits with a blurry
background, this is a visual effect called ‘shallow depth of field’, or it will help you create
landscapes with everything sharp from the foreground to the background, this is a visual
called a ‘long depth of field’.

Portrait using a wide aperture Landscape using a small aperture

The wider the aperture the shorter the depth of field will be in your photograph (less
‘distance’ will be sharp). Referred to as a ‘Shallow Depth of Field’.
 APERTURE

The smaller the aperture the longer the depth of field will be in your photograph (more
‘distance’ will be sharp). Referred to as a ‘long Depth of Field’.

DOF being affected by the

aperture. A larger aperture, f/2.8
give less depth of field. A smaller
aperture f/16 give a longer depth
of field

As you can see in this illustration

a wide aperture of f/2.8 will give
a shallow DOF, whereas a small
aperture such as f/16 will create
a long DOF.
 APERTURE
Examples of Controlling DOF with Apertures

Below you can see several pictures of the same subject (a brick wall), taken in the same
place with the same focus point. But the depth of field changes between the shots due to
the different aperture setting.
 APERTURE

Task

1. Put your camera onto a tripod and put it onto its 2 seconds timer or use a remote
trigger. This will keep your camera nice and still during the exposures.

2. Put your camera to its AV or A setting. This is your Aperture Priority setting.

3. Put your ISO on Auto.

4. Then place your camera at a tight angle next to a wall, fence or something with a lot
of distance. It works best having a repeating pattern like a brick wall or a fence but
it’s not essential. See the image below for an example.

5. Make sure your focus point is in the same place for each of the shots.

6. Then take several pictures going through the aperture stops as in the sequence above.
Don’t worry if you don’t have all the numbers in that sequence, just use the ones you
have.

7. Compare the shots on a computer screen to see the difference in the depth of field.
APERTURE
 SHUTTER SPEED

DEFINISI : Shutter speed adalah jangkamasa shutter kamera dibuka

untuk membenarkan cahaya sampai ke sensor untuk sensor mengumpul
cahaya.
Terdapat beberapa peranan shutter speed yang utama iaitu untuk
mengawal jangkamasa sensor terdedah kepada cahaya (untuk
menghasilkan gambar yang elok dari segi dedahan iaitu tidak terlalu cerah
atau terlalu gelap).
Semakin tinggi shutter speed (semakin singkat masa dedahan), semakin
sedikit cahaya dapat dikumpul.
Semakin rendah shutter speed (semakin lama masa dedahan), semakin
banyak cahaya dapat dikumpul. Ianya boleh diibaratkan baldi (sensor)
untuk mengumpul air hujan (cahaya). Semakin lama terdedah kepada air
hujan (cahaya), semakin banyak air di dalam baldi (semakin banyak
cahaya dikumpul di sensor dan semakin cerah gambar).
 SHUTTER SPEED

Shutter speed yang tinggi juga boleh digunakan untuk membekukan

(freeze) pergerakan, contohnya orang yang berjalan akan kelihatan
terhenti dan sebagainya.
Shutter speed yang rendah akan menyebabkan kesan blur apabila
terdapat sebarang pergerakan sama ada pergerakan subjek atau
shaking pada tangan semasa mengambil gambar.
MODEL : CANON EOS 5D
FL: 105mm
Shutter-priority AE (f/14, 1/10 sec)
ISO 100
FL: 105mm
Shutter-priority AE (f/8, 1/160
FL: 105mm
Shutter-priority AE (f/4,
 TUGASAN

Kamu dikehendaki mengambil Gambar menggunakan

teknik fotografi seperti:
Portrait
Group
Candid
Macro
Aksi
F F/ F/
/ 7.1 12
5
.
6 GROUP UMAI

F/ F/ F/
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