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 Fire Safety
HEAT: all sources of ignition
OXYGEN: In ordinary Air

FUEL: flammable materials

1
 Fire Exits
An emergency exits in a structure is a special exit
for emergencies such as fire, the combined use of
regular and special exits allow for faster evacuation,
while it also provides an alternative if the route exit is
blocked with fire.
Every workplace must have enough exits suitably
located to enable everyone to get out of the facility
quickly., considerations include the
• Type of structure
• The number of persons exposed
• The fire protection available
• The type of industry involved
• The height and type of construction of the building or
structure
Fire doors must no be blocked or locked when
employees are inside. Delayed opening of fire doors,
however, is permitted when an approved alarm system
is integrated into the fire door design. Exit routes from
the building must be free of obstruction and properly
marked with exit signs.

2
Fire Extinguishers
There are four different types
or classes of fire extinguishers
each of which extinguishes
specific types of fire. Newer
fire extinguishers use a
picture/labeling system to
designate which type of fires
they are to be used on. Older
fire extinguishers are labeled
with colored geometrical
shapes with letter designations.
Both these types of label are
shown below with description
of the different classes of
extinguishers.

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 Extinguisher
Classification
Letter classification given an extinguisher to
designate the class or classes of fire on
which it will be effective.
 Class A – ordinary combustibles (wood, cloth,
paper)
 Class B – flammable liquids, gases, greases
 Class C – energized electrical equipment
 Class D – combustible metals

Ordinary Flammable Electrical

A B C D
Combustibles Liquids Equipment

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 Development and
Propagation of Fire

5
Fire Fighting

6
Suitability Of Fire
Extinguisher

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Suitability of Fire Extinguishers

8
Suitability of fire extinguisher, contd.

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Fire Extinguisher Color Coding

10
 Extinguisher Rating

• Numerical rating given to Class A and B

extinguishers which indicate how large a
fire an experienced person can put out with
the extinguisher
• Ratings are based on tests conducted at
Underwriters’ Laboratories, Inc.
– Class A: 1-A, 2-A, . . . 40-A
– Class B: 1-B, 2-B, . . . 640-B
• A 4-A extinguisher, for example, should
extinguish about twice as much fire as a 2-
A extinguisher

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 Types of Fire
Extinguishers
Dry Chemical extinguishers are usually rated for
multiple purpose use. They contain an extinguishing
agent and use a compressed, non-flammable gas as a
propellant.
Halon (halocarbon) extinguishers contain a gas that
interrupts the chemical reaction that takes place when
fuel burns. These type of extinguisher are often used to
protect valuable electrical equipment since them leave
no residue to clean up.
Water These extinguishers contain water and
compressed gas and should only be used on Class
A(ordinary combustibles) fires.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) extinguishers are most on
Class B and C (liquids and electrical) fires. Since the
gas disperse quickly, these extinguishers are only
effective from 3 to 8 feet. The CO2 is stored as a
compressed liquid in the extinguisher; as it expands, it
cools the surrounding air. The cooling will often cause
ice to form around the “horn” where the gas is expelled
from the extinguisher. Since the fire could re-ignite,
continue to apply the agent even after the fires appears
to be out.

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 How To Use Fire
Extinguishers
Even though extinguisher come in a number
of shapes and sizes, they all operate similar
manner.
P A S S --- Pull , Aim , Squeeze ,
Sweep
Pull the pin at the top of the extinguisher
that keeps the handle from being
accidentally pressed.
Aim the nozzle toward the base of the fire
Stand approximately 8 feet away from the
fire and Squeeze the handle to discharge the
extinguisher. If you released the handle, the
discharge will stop.
Sweep the nozzle back and forth at the base
of the fire. After the fire appears to be out,
watch it carefully since it may re-ignite.

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 Proper Locations for Fire Extinguishers
• Conspicuous and clearly visible
• Readily accessible for immediate use
• Located along normal paths of travel and
exit
• Not Blocked
• Kept in designated locations when not
being used.
• Installed on hangers, brackets, in cabinets
or on shelves.
• 40 lbs or less extinguisher – top of the
extinguisher not more than 3.5 feet above
the floor.
• Class A and D extinguisher travel distance
75 feet or less.
• Class B extinguisher travel distance 50
feet or less
• Class C extinguisher-no minimum travel
distance-locate in areas with electrical
distribution equipment.
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Proper Fire Extinguisher Markings
• Classification markings located on the
front of the shell
• Markings must be legible from a distance
of 3 feet
Proper inspection and Maintenance
Monthly Checks for:
• Inspection tag
• Anti-tamper seal
• Weight and pressure check
• Damage or missing parts
• Rust or corrosion
Maintenance:
• Remove from service and place a spare in
location
• Only trained and certified people may
repair or fill extinguisher.

15
 Emergency Evacuation
Plan
• Emergency action plans are required to describe the
routes to use and procedures to be followed by
employees. Also procedures for accounting for all
evacuated employees must be part of the plan. The
written plan must be available for employee review.
• Special procedures for helping physically impaired
employees must be addressed in the plan; also the plan
must include procedures for those employees who must
remain behind temporarily to shut down critical plant
equipment before they evacuate.
• The preferred means of alerting employees to a fire
emergency must be a part of the plan and an employee
alarm system must be available throughout the
workplace complex and must be used for emergency
alerting of evacuation. The alarm system may be voice
communication or sounds signals such as bells whistles
or horns. Employees must know the evacuation signal.
• Training of all employees in what is to be done in an
emergency is required. Employers must review the
plan with newly assigned employees so they know
correct action in an emergency and with all employees
when the plan is changed.

16
 If You Hear The Fire
Alarm Sound
• Be aware that whenever the fire alarm sounds it
may signal a very real emergency situation.
• Remain calm and proceed to evacuate the area in
an orderly
• Assist disabled persons to evacuate the area. Be
particularly aware of persons with sight or hearing
disabilities.
• Do not go back to retrieve belongings.
• If there is a smoke, stay low, it will be easier to
breathe.
• Use the stairways indicated by emergency
personnel .Never use an elevator to evacuate
unless directed to do so by the fire department.
• Before opening any door, touch the door with the
back of your
• Close doors behind you to prevent fire spread, but
make sure that you can reopen them if you need
to retreat.
• If trapped, open windows at the top to left heat
and smoke out, open at the bottom to breathe.
17
 Fire Prevention
• Employees need to implement a written fire prevention plan
to complement the fire evacuation plan to minimize the
frequency of evacuation. Stopping unwanted fires from
occurring is the most efficient way to handle them. The
written plan shall be available for employee review.
• Housekeeping procedures for storage and clean up of
flammable materials and flammable waste must be included
in the plan. Recycling of flammable waste such as paper is
encouraged; however, handling and packaging procedures
must be included in the plan.
• Procedures for controlling workplace ignition sources such as
smoking, welding and burning must be addressed in the plan.
Heat producing equipment must be properly maintained and
kept clean of accumulations of flammable residues;
flammable are not to be stored close to these pieces of
equipment.
• All employees are to be informed of the potential fire hazards
of their job and the procedures called for in the employer’s
fire prevention plan. The plan shall be reviewed with all new
employees when they begin their job and with all employees
when the plan is changed.
• Smoking and nonsmoking areas must be clearly posted and
strictly enforced.

18
• Heaters must be approved before use
• Investigate all unusual odors, smoke or
gases. Determine the source and promptly
report the problem.
• There should be an approved hot work
permit filed before any welding or cutting
operations begin.
• Matches and all other smoking materials
should be left in places designated safe for
smoking.
• Oil, diesel fuel or other flammables should
not allowed to collect around, or under
engines, cellar or similar places.
• Avoid spillage during refueling or fuel
transfer, Static electricity can ignite a fire.
• Flammable or combustible liquids should
be stored in a proper container in
designated, posted areas.
• Do not over load electrical circuits
• Make sure all liquefied petroleum, fittings
and valves are leak proof.

19
Fire Safety Guidelines

20
Potential Ignition Source

21