H2S-220 Manual 811065

H2S-220
Contents
Chapter 1 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Warnings and Safety Precautions ................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Safety/Operating Symbols .............................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Terms and Conditions ................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Limitation of Liabilities ................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Software ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10
Notice ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10
Revision History ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Warranty ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 11
Effective Date ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 11
Limitations ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Place of Service ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 13
Customer Comments .................................................................................................................................................................................. 13
Site Requirements For Your AAI H2S-220 Analyzer ..................................................................................................................................... 14
Power considerations: ................................................................................................................................................................................. 14
Space considerations: ................................................................................................................................................................................. 14
Chapter 2 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Installation .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Unpacking .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
H2S-220 Checklist example ........................................................................................................................................................................ 17
Connection drawing ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Mounting drawing ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Wiring drawing ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 20
Assemble the Flow Cell ............................................................................................................................................................................... 21
Connect the Fiber Optics to the Detector and Light Source ........................................................................................................................ 21
Step by step connections ............................................................................................................................................................................. 21
Fiber optics connection ................................................................................................................................................................................ 22
Connect Power to the Analyzer ..................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Connect Instrument Air to Purge ................................................................................................................................................................. 24
Getting Started ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 25
Start Up The Analyzer .................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Software Start-up .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
Chapter 3 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
Theory ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
Principle of Operation .................................................................................................................................................................................. 28
Interaction between light and matter: ........................................................................................................................................................... 29
Terms ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 29
Quantitative Measurements ......................................................................................................................................................................... 30
Absorbance Curve ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 31
Concentration & Absorbance ....................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Example 1: Ammonia Calibration ................................................................................................................................................................ 34
Example 2: H2S Calibration ......................................................................................................................................................................... 35
Multi Component Analysis ............................................................................................................................................................................ 36
Multi -component analysis- theory ............................................................................................................................................................... 37
The benefit of measuring a complete spectrum ......................................................................................................................................... 37
Dispersive vs. Non-dispersive photometers ............................................................................................................................................... 38
Dispersive devices ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 38
Instrumentation ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 38
Influence of Path Length on Absorbance ..................................................................................................................................................... 39
Demonstration: ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 39
Influence of P&T on Absorbance: ................................................................................................................................................................. 40
Ideal Gas Law ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 40
Pressure Compensation ............................................................................................................................................................................ 40
II. H2S-220 Sub Units ................................................................................................................................................................................... 41
A process UV/VIS/SWNIR diode array spectrophotometer ........................................................................................................................ 41
Main Sub Units ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 42
The H2S-220 consists of the following major parts: ................................................................................................................................... 42
Instrumentation ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 42
Applied Analytics, Inc. 2
Industrial Computer With Touch Screen ...................................................................................................................................................... 44
Description ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
Spectrometer computer connection ............................................................................................................................................................. 44
Ethernet connection ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
The detector .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 45
Diode array ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 45
Slit ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 46
Grating .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 46
Detector and Light Source ........................................................................................................................................................................... 47
Pulsed Xenon: .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 48
Light Source ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 48
Deuterium Light source: .............................................................................................................................................................................. 49
Removing the Light Source .......................................................................................................................................................................... 50
I/O Field bus ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 54
Software ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 55
Chapter 4 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 55
I. Off-Line Program ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 55
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 55
SetupRun time par ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 55
Run_Time_On _Line configuration ............................................................................................................................................................. 56
Information ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 57
Configure continuous Store of concentration or spectra ............................................................................................................................. 57
Setup file name to store concentration ........................................................................................................................................................ 58
Information ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 60
Setup Auto Zero at a predefined time interval .............................................................................................................................................. 60
Configure Auto Zero ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 61
Configure Seconds between scans ........................................................................................................................................................... 62
Information ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 62
Pressure compensation calculation ............................................................................................................................................................ 63
Temperature compensation calculation ...................................................................................................................................................... 63
Pressure & temperature compensation options ......................................................................................................................................... 63
Information ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
T & P compensation - configuration ............................................................................................................................................................ 64
P & T During Calibration .............................................................................................................................................................................. 66
Configure Sampling system parameters .................................................................................................................................................... 67
Sampling system relay setup Example ....................................................................................................................................................... 69
Example of an I/O filed bus unit with 6 relays .............................................................................................................................................. 70
Configure Analyte Units ................................................................................................................................................................................ 71
Measure, load, edit STD ............................................................................................................................................................................. 72
Function: ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 73
Operation: ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 73
Manual zero .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 73
Auto: .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 73
Measure a new Zero .................................................................................................................................................................................... 73
New Zero ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 73
Function ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 74
Operation ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 74
Scan Zero ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 74
User initiate Auto zero ................................................................................................................................................................................... 75
Storing a New standard (SDT) ..................................................................................................................................................................... 76
Function ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 76
Operation ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 76
Display .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 76
Edit a Standard concentration ...................................................................................................................................................................... 77
Function ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 77
Operation ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 77
Change Wavelength Range ......................................................................................................................................................................... 78
Function ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 78
Operation ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 78
Load new Standards .................................................................................................................................................................................... 79
Delete Standard ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 79
Calibrate & store coef. .................................................................................................................................................................................. 81
Conc results ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 82
Calibration results ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 82
H2S-220 3
Pure components spectra ........................................................................................................................................................................... 83
Stop ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 83
II. On-line program ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 84
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 84
Initial screen ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 85
Auto zero ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 86
Concentration screen ................................................................................................................................................................................... 86
Application Information Screen .................................................................................................................................................................... 87
Run-time-on-line Information ...................................................................................................................................................................... 87
4-20mA scale ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 88
Options ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 88
Display Screens ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 88
Auto Zeroing on/off ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 88
Automatic Options ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 89
Indicators ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 89
Bar Concentration Screen ............................................................................................................................................................................ 90
Time Chart Screen ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 91
Spectra Screen ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 92
Displays continuous spectra: ...................................................................................................................................................................... 92
Options: ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 92
Setup ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 93
Password ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 93
Setup 4-20mA output .................................................................................................................................................................................... 95
Function ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 95
Operation ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 95
Adjust integration and spectra to average ................................................................................................................................................... 96
Function ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 96
Int. time ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 96
Average ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 96
Operation ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 96
Zero ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 98
Function ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 98
Operation ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 98
Manual zero: ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 98
Auto zero: ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 98
Manual Zero .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 99
Function ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 99
Operation ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 99
User Initiated Auto Zero .............................................................................................................................................................................. 102
Auto Zero at a Preset Time or Time Interval .............................................................................................................................................. 104
Auto Zero and Auto Sample Errors: ............................................................................................................................................................ 104
Automatic Accept/Reject Zero in Auto Zero ................................................................................................................................................. 105
Setup of the Zero Auto Accept ..................................................................................................................................................................... 105
Relays Activation in the on-line mode ........................................................................................................................................................ 106
Fault Relay Deactivation Conditions .......................................................................................................................................................... 106
SPAN ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 107
Span multi-components: ............................................................................................................................................................................ 108
III. Setting Up Light the Levels .................................................................................................................................................................... 109
Scan & Adjust Light ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 111
Example ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 112
Setting Up Concentration Averaging .......................................................................................................................................................... 113
Changing Analog Output Scale .................................................................................................................................................................. 114
Storing Concentration to file ....................................................................................................................................................................... 115
Storing spectra to data files ........................................................................................................................................................................ 116
Chapter 5 .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 117

Calibration .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 117
I. Calibration Theory ................................................................................................................................................................................... 117
Correlation Between Absorbance and Concentration ............................................................................................................................... 117
Correlation at a Specific Wavelength ......................................................................................................................................................... 118
Single Wavelength Calibration (filter) ........................................................................................................................................................ 118
Example ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 119
Absorbance Spectra ................................................................................................................................................................................... 121
Multi wavelength Calibration ...................................................................................................................................................................... 121
Multi wavelength Multi - component analysis ........................................................................................................................................... 123
Calibration Frequency ................................................................................................................................................................................ 123
Span ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 123
II. Optimal Wavelength Range ................................................................................................................................................................... 124
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 124
Choosing a Wavelength Range ................................................................................................................................................................. 124
SO2 application ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 125
H2S application % range .......................................................................................................................................................................... 126
H2S PPM range .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 127
Multi Components H2S and SO2 ............................................................................................................................................................... 128
Multi Components H2S and RSH .............................................................................................................................................................. 129
III. Single Component Calibration (off-line mode) ..................................................................................................................................... 130
Adjust The Light levels ............................................................................................................................................................................... 135
Example ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 136
Store new std .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 137
Zero ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 137
Enter Cal Gas Concentration ..................................................................................................................................................................... 138
Change wl .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 139
Stop ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 139
Concentration results ................................................................................................................................................................................. 140
Calibrate ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 140
Calibration Results .................................................................................................................................................................................... 141
Pure components spectra ......................................................................................................................................................................... 142
Enter number and name of components .................................................................................................................................................. 144
Setup multi components method .............................................................................................................................................................. 147
Delete standards ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 148
Adjust light levels ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 149
Example ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 150
Zero ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 151
Store new std .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 151
Entering Cal Gas Concentration ................................................................................................................................................................ 152
Change wl .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 153
Calibrate ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 154
Pure components spectra ......................................................................................................................................................................... 155
Stop ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 156
Chapter 6 .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 157

Communication .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 157
I. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 157
II. Analyzer’s Computer to Detector ............................................................................................................................................................ 158
III. Analog & Digital I/O’s ............................................................................................................................................................................. 159
Analyzer’s Computer With I/O Units (field bus coupler unit) ...................................................................................................................... 160
Bus Coupler: .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 160
Termination Module: ................................................................................................................................................................................... 160
/O Modules: ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 160
Buscoupler for Ethernet TCP/IP ................................................................................................................................................................. 162
4-20 mA output ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 164
Wiring the 1st Analog Output ...................................................................................................................................................................... 166
Digital Output Relay .................................................................................................................................................................................... 167
Switching capacity ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 169
Wiring the 1st Digital Output (fault relay) ................................................................................................................................................... 170
Pressure and temperature inputs (optional) ............................................................................................................................................. 171
Diagnostics and Troubleshooting ............................................................................................................................................................. 174
Use a Systematic Troubleshooting Approach ........................................................................................................................................... 174
Check for Simple Things ............................................................................................................................................................................ 174
Identify Possible Cause ............................................................................................................................................................................. 174
Chapter 7 .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 174

Analyzer will not switch on - ........................................................................................................................................................................ 175
Analyzer will not give any readings, an NA will be displayed - ................................................................................................................... 175
No light from light source ........................................................................................................................................................................... 175
Problem Types ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 175
Zero-relay or sample- relay fault message appears ................................................................................................................................ 176
Analyzer is on but the computer will not turn on ........................................................................................................................................ 176
Fault indicator appears in the run_time_on_line program ....................................................................................................................... 176
H2S-220 5
Measurement Results Indicate Excessive Noise Over The Whole Spectral Range ................................................................................ 177
Excessive Drift ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 177
4-20MA will not update ............................................................................................................................................................................... 178
Normal Light Intensity ................................................................................................................................................................................ 179
Fault Alarm .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 179
Light levels are too low ............................................................................................................................................................................... 180
Process Sample Is Out Of Concentration Range ..................................................................................................................................... 182
Condensation On The Optics .................................................................................................................................................................... 183
Coating Of The Optics ................................................................................................................................................................................ 184
Coating and condensation of optics - summary ....................................................................................................................................... 185
Cleaning the Optics and Flow Cell ............................................................................................................................................................ 186
Step One: .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 186
Prepare the following before cleaning ....................................................................................................................................................... 186
Error 5008: Computer and Spectrometer Are Not Communicating .......................................................................................................... 190
Error 5009 : spectrometer does not match the computer ......................................................................................................................... 193
Error 7 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 194
Copying files from the backup ................................................................................................................................................................... 195
Problems in Calibration ............................................................................................................................................................................. 197
Possible Errors in Calibration ................................................................................................................................................................... 198
Chapter 11 .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 199

H2S-220 Wiring Diagram ........................................................................................................................................................................... 199
Connect power to the analyzer ................................................................................................................................................................... 201
Chapter 12 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 202

Flow cells and probes ................................................................................................................................................................................ 202
Flow cell ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 203
Handling & Care of Fiber-Optic .................................................................................................................................................................. 205
Handling & Storage .................................................................................................................................................................................... 205
Fiber Change-Out ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 205
Fiber installation ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 205
Chapter 13 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 206

Sampling systems ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 206
APPENDIX A ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 207

Application Specific information ................................................................................................................................................................. 207
Error 50008 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 208
APPENDIX B ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 208

ERROR MESSAGES .................................................................................................................................................................................. 208
Error 50009 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 209
Fault ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 209
Adjust light levels ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 212
Error Software is locked in load mode ....................................................................................................................................................... 213
APPENDIX C ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 215

Area Classification ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 215
APPENDIX D ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 216

Drawings .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 216

Chapter 1
Intr oduction
Introduction
The H2S-220 is a diode-array fiber-optics process spectrophotometer, continuously
measuring the absorbance spectra of the given sample. It is constructed of a light
source, a dispersion device for selecting a particular wavelength, a sample area, and a
detector. The H2S-220 uses a tungsten, xenon, or deuterium light source (depending
on application), a holographic grating to disperse the light according to its wavelength, a
fiber optics probe to transfer the light to and from the sample, and a diode array detector
which converts the light intensity into electrical signal.
A full spectrum is continuously measured and analyzed, via a multi wavelength method,
to give the composition of the stream.
The H2S-220 is designed to address on-line applications that require cost effective,
accurate, and continuous concentration monitoring. A simple touch-screen based user
interface is ideal for single and multi component analysis and allows for quick setup and
calibration.
Wavelength ranges from 200- 800nm or 400-1100nm are continuously and instanta-
neously monitored by a diode array spectrophotometer with 1024 elements. A nonvola-
tile memory section of the analyzer contains the calculation method, wavelength ranges,
and the name of the analyte to be displayed on the screen. Standard outputs includes
4-20mA output and digital I/O’s. Since the analyzer incorporates modbus communica-
tion protocol it can readily communicate with external physical devices such as PLCs,
RTUs, and controllers.
The H2S-220 is offered in three different enclosures: a 316 Stainless Steel enclosure, a
Class I Division I Groups B, C, & D NEMA 4X / 7 Cenelec approved enclosure, and the
standard Carbon Steel Powder Coated enclosure. Two fiber optic cables are used to
conduct light to and from the probe or flow cell.
A variety of flow cells and probes with different optical paths and materials of construc-
tion are offered. The two standard sampling system designs are: an extractive aspi-
rated system with a manual or automatic zero and span for gases and liquids, and a
semi in situ/extractive stack sampler with flow indication and automatic span and zero.
H2S-220 7
Warnings and Safety Precautions
The primary purpose of the AAI manual is to ensure safe and trouble free installation and
operation of the H2S-220 analyzer. The manual is primarily intended for analyzer engi-
neers responsible for setting up and operating the equipment, as well as service engi-
neers responsible for maintenance of the equipment. Considerations have been made
for nontechnical personnel.
Ignoring the operating procedure could result not only in damaged equipment but also
personal injury and the release of hazardous chemicals into the environment that may
affect the operator’s health.
The following precautions should be followed to minimize the possibility of personal

injury and/or damage to property while using the H2S-220
1 The system must be plugged into a grounded power line

2 Ensure that all parts of the system are properly grounded. It is strongly recom-
mended that all parts of the system are connected to a common ground.
3 Do not attempt to bypass the earth ground connection. A serious shock hazard
could result.
4 Ensure that the instrument has been disconnected from the line before removing
any components Potentially hazardous currents and voltages may be present inside the
unit
5 Only qualified service personnel are allowed to perform maintenance due to the
presence of electrical and chemical hazards, only qualified service personnel are
allowed to perform maintenance.
6 Use the system in a proper manner
7 Do not use the instrument and/or its accessories in a manner not specified by
Applied Analytics. If you do so, the protection provided by the safety equipment may be
compromised.

Safety/Operating Symbols
The following symbols, which appear on the instrument and in the manual, are defined
as follows:
This symbol on the instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating
manual before attempting to connect the power/interface cables and operate the instru-
ment.
This symbol on the instrument states that high voltage may be present when panels/
covers are removed. Any adjustments, maintenance, and repair of the opened appara-
tus under voltage should be avoided. If unavoidable, such work must be carried out by
skilled personnel informed of the hazard involved.
This symbol on the back of the instrument indicates a ground terminal.
This symbol on the instrument states that elevated temperatures may be present in the
instrument. The user should take care that the internal components are not touched
when the temperature is elevated.
The blocked WARNING statement used throughout the manual presents dangers
that could result in personal injury.
The blocked CAUTION statement used throughout the manual presents hazards on
conditions that could cause damage to the instrument or lead to the reporting of
erroneous results.
The blocked NOTE statement used throughout the manual highlights important
information about the instrument and its use.
Failure to follow these statements may invalidate the warranty.
H2S-220 9
Terms and Conditions
Limitation of Liabilities
Applied Analytics, Inc. has taken due care in preparing this manual. However, nothing
contained herein modifies or alters in any way the standard terms and conditions of the
Applied Analytics purchase, lease, or license agreement under which the product was
acquired nor increases in any way Applied Analytics liability to the customer. In no event
shall Applied Analytics or its subsidiaries be liable for incidental or consequential dam-
ages in connection with or arising from the use of the product, the accompanying
manual, or any related materials.
Software
All Applied Analytics software products are licensed to customers in accordance with
the terms and conditions of the sale. No title or ownership of Applied Analytics software
is transferred, and any use of the software beyond the terms of the aforesaid license
without the written authorization of Applied Analytics, is strictly prohibited.
Notice
The information contained in this publication is subject to change without notice and
does not represent a commitment on the part of Applied Analytics. The publication
contains proprietary information protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. No part
of this material may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior written
consent of Applied Analytics, Inc.
Revision History
The manual is subject to change and has been designed for ease of updating. In order
to track updates and revisions the following is a history of changes and updates which
have been issued:
Part number Description Release date
970-385 OMA User's Aug-06
2006, Applied Analytics, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any
form or by any means without the expressed written consent of Applied Analytics, Inc.
Applied Analytics is a trademark of Applied Analytics, Inc.
Printed in the United States of America.

Warranty
Applied Analytics (Seller) warrants that its products will be free from defects in materials
and worksmanship under normal use and service in general process conditions for the
effective period set out below. This warranty and its remedies are in lieu of all other
warranties expressed or implied, oral or written, either in fact or by operation of law,
statutory or otherwise, including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular
purpose, which seller specifically disclaims. Seller shall have no liability for incindental
or consequential damages of any kind arising out of the sale, installation, or use of its
products.
Seller’s obligation under this warranty shall not arise until Buyer notifies Seller of the
defect. Seller’s sole responsibility under this warranty is, at its option, to replace or
repair any defective component part of the product.
Except in the case of an authorized distributor or seller, authorized in writing by Seller to

extend this warranty to the distributor’s customers, the warranty herein applies only to
Buyer as the original purchaser from Seller and may not be assigned, sold, or otherwise
transferred to a third party.
No warranty is made with respect to used, reconstructed, refurbished, or previously

owned Products, which will be so marked on the sales order and will be sold “As Is.”
BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY UNDER THIS WARRANTY IS THAT THE
SELLER EITHER AGREES TO REPAIR OR REPLACE, AT SELLER’S SOLE OPTION,
ANY PAR OR PARTS OF SUCH PRODUCTS THAT UNDER PROPER AND NORMAL
CONDITIONS OF USE, PROVE(S) TO BE DEFECTIVE WITHIN THE APPLICABLE
WARRANTY PERIOD. ALTERNATELY, SELLER MAY AT ANY TIME, IN ITS SOLE
DISCRETION, ELECT TO DISCHARGE ITS WARRANTY OBLIGATION HEREUNDER
BY ACCEPTING THE RETURN OF ANY DEFECTIVE PRODUCT PURSUANT TO THE
TERMS SET FORTH HEREIN AND REFUNDING THE PURCHASE PRICE PAID BY
BUYER.
Effective Date
The warranty period for all Applied Analytics process and analytical instruments (analyz-
ers and analyzer systems) begins on the day of start-up and ends one (1) year later, but
in no event more than eighteen months from the date of delivery. For all other instrument
systems, the warranty begins on the date the shipment is received. Moreover, each
analyzer and analyzer system (excluding filter elements) is fully guaranteed to perform
the measurement as stated in Applied Analytics Order Acknowledgment, contingent only
on the customer having supplied in writing accurate sample stream composition, pro-
cess conditions, electrical classification and other pertinent operational limits to Applied
Analytics prior to the issuing of an Order Acknowledgments.
This warranty shall not apply to any equipment or system that has been altered and/or
damaged through improper maintenance or use and Applied Analytics shall be solely
responsible for determining when such alteration and/or damage has occurred. Applied
Analytics further reserves the right to determine whether a failed piece of equipment
shall be repaired or replaced. In no event shall Applied Analytics’ liability extend beyond
the cost of equipment supplied per a written Order Acknowledgment.
H2S-220 11
Limitations
Products are warranted to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for parts
and labor for 12 months from installation or 18 months from shipping with the following
exceptions:
• Any components of the system that are in direct contact with liquids are warranted
to be free from defects in materials and workmanship at time of delivery but cannot be
further warranted due to the unknown nature of the use of the product.
• Consumable items such as lamps, filters, seals, tubing or any glass or glassware,
columns, capillaries, and fittings are excluded from this warranty. If a system undergoes
a catastrophic failure within 90 days of shipment from the factory, it will be replaced at
no charge.
• Loss, damage, or defects resulting from transportation to the Buyer’s facility,

improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer, software or interfaces supplied by the
Buyer, unauthorized modification or operation outside the environmental specifications
of the instrument, use by unauthorized or untrained personnel or improper site mainte-
nance or preparation
• The sole and exclusive warranty applicable to software and firmware products
provided by Seller for use with a processor internal or external to the Product will be as
follows: Seller warrants that such software and firmware will conform to Seller’s pro-
gram manuals or other publicly available documentation made available by Seller
current at the time of shipment to Buyer when properly installed on the
processor, provided however that Seller does not warrant that the operation of the
processor or, software, or firmware will be uninterrupted or error-fee.
• Products that have been altered or repaired by individuals other than seller person-
nel or its duly authorized representatives, unless the alteration or repair has been
performed by an authorized factory trained service technician in accordance with
written procedure supplied by the Seller
• Products that have been subject to misuse, neglect, accident, or improper installa-
tion
The warranty herein applies only to products within the country of original delivery.
Products transferred outside the country of original delivery, either by Seller at the
direction of Buyer or by Buyer’s actions subsequent to delivery, may be subject to
additional charges prior to warranty repair or replacement of such Products based on
the actual location of such Products and Seller’s warranty and/or service surcharges for
such location(s).
The warranty period for data processing equipment including data storage devices,
processors, printers, terminals, communication interfaces, tape drives, and/or all similar
devices, is in all cases limited to 18 months from the date of shipment to Buyer.

Place of Service
Seller shall use its best efforts to perform all warranty services hereunder at the Buyer’s
facility, as soon as reasonably practicable after notification by the Buyer of a possible
defect. However, the Seller reserves the right to require the Buyer to return the product
to Seller’s production facility, transportation charges repaid, when necessary, to provide
proper warranty service.
Customer Comments
As part of our efforts to continuously improve our products and services, we value
customer feedback very highly. We invite comment from you regarding the products,
services, and accompanying documentation.
Send to techsupport@a-a-inc.com
Fax to: (978) 246-7711
H2S-220 13
Site Requirements For Your AAI H2S-220 Analyzer
This is a computerized optical instrument. Please handle with care.
Power considerations:
Your analyzer can operate on a line voltage of 80-240 V AC ±10 % with a line frequency
of 50 or 60 Hz ±5%. Maximum power consumption is 40 Watts. The instrument power
supply has wide-ranging capability. It accepts any line voltage supplied in the above
mentioned range. There are no externally accessible fuses because automatic elec-
tronic fuses are implemented in the power supply.
To disconnect the instrument from line, switch off the supply breaker after the instru-
ment and the instrument’s breaker have been turned off. Remove the power lines
coming into the terminal blocks.
Shock hazard or damage to your instrumentation can result if the devices are con-
nected to a line voltage higher than specified.
Never operate your instrumentation without a ground connection.
Space considerations:
It is highly recommended that the minimum space available on the analyzer house wall
is 24” by 24” (61 x 61cm).
The analyzer should be mounted with the 4 mounting holes to two U-struts spaced as
per drawing. Analyzer for area classification other than the general purpose is dis-
cussed in a later chapter.

Chapter 2
Installa tion
Installation
Upon receipt of your analyzer, inspect the shipping containers for any signs of damage.
If the containers or cushioning materials are damaged, save them until the contents
have been checked for completeness and the analyzer and its accessories have been
mechanically and electrically checked.
If the shipping container or cushioning materials are damaged, notify the carrier as well
as Applied Analytics. Save the shipping material for the carrier’s inspection.
Check the contents of the shipping container against the packing list and report any
missing or damaged items to the address below:
Applied Analytics, Inc.

4 Clock Tower Place, Suite 420
Maynard, MA 01754
Tel: (888)461-0080
Fax: (978)246-7711
e-mail: sales@a-a-inc.com
H2S-220 15
Unpacking
The picture below show the contents of a standard H2S-220 analyzer package.
Check against your packing slip that everything has arrived. See next page for an
example of such a document, note that each system will have a different packing slip
depending on the specific order, this one is for a demonstration only.

H2S-220 Checklist example

OMA-300 Z Minipurge Shipping Checklist
Customer:
Serial Number: AA
Job Number:
Date Shipped:
AAI CHECK CUSTOMER CHECK

ITEM QUANTITY YES NO YES NO
OMA - 300 Analyzer 1 X
Expo Z Minipurge Controller 1 X
Expo Minipurge Relief Valve 1 X
Expo Spark Arrestor 1 X
Flow Cell 1 X
Optical Assemblies 2 X
Fiber Optic Cables 2 X
4" Fiber Protector Tubes 2 X
Keyboard and Mouse Splitter Cable 1 X
Touchscreen Stylus 1 X
Wago Terminal Block Screw Driver 1 X
USB Memory Stick 1 X
User Manual 1 X
Quick Start Manual 1 X
Technical Documentation *** X
Q. C. Report(s) *** X
Drawing(s) *** X
Application Specification Information N/A X
I/O Test Report 1 On File N/A
Packed and Checked By:
Received and Checked By:
H2S-220 17
18
~

Connection drawing
Applied Analytics, Inc. 2 Clock Tower Place,

Suite 535
Maynard, MA 01754
19
Applied Analytics,
Ap An Inc.
OMA-A-300
Suite 535
Maynard, MA 01754
Mounting drawing
H2S-220
20
Suite 535
Maynard, MA 01754

Wiring drawing
Step by step connections
1. Assemble the Flow Cell
2. Connect the Fiber Optics to the Detector and Light Source
See pg. 22for more details on connecting fiber optics-
H2S-220 21
Fiber optics connection
1 Connect the fiber optics to the light source and spectrometer.

2 First pull the fibers through the opening of the box.
3 Connect the fiber to the spectrometer and light source.
4 The fiber connects to the bottom of the light source and the spectrograph with an
SMA-905 Connector. The proper connection can be seen below:
Note: The light source and spectrophotometer can be connected

to either end of the optical fiber.
The fiber connections can be seen above

Connect Power to the Analyzer
2.
H2S-220 23
Connect Instrument Air to Purge
Use oil free instrument air at 60psi and -40C dewpoint
Connect instrument air here

Getting Started
Upon start-up you may need to change several parameters. It is therefore recom-
mended that you connect a keyboard and mouse to the computer when running through
the initial settings.
Start Up The Analyzer
1. Screen starts up in Windows
H2S-220 25
2. Power supplies show green lights
3. I/0 unit is on and shows green lights

Software Start-up
If the initial inspection is OK, you can now start up the software.
Important note:
In some cases when running the H2S-220calibration, the software takes several
seconds to react. Do not press the key again; wait several seconds, the software
has noticed your request and is most likely loading a data file.
If the analyzer was pre calibrated start the on-line mode,
If the analyzer requires settings such (see off-line software and calibration for more)
start the off-line program first.
Once all the parameters are set and the analyzer is calibrated, there is no need to rerun
the off-line program.
Run the OMA-MP on-line program, located through the Start menu, under Programs, or
see icons on the desktop.
Important note:
In running either the calibration (in off-line mode) or continuous program, make
sure the light levels are setup properly.
Important note:
Only one program can run at a time.
H2S-220 27
Chapter 3
T heor y
I. Principle of Operation
Vacuum Micro(r- Radio

Gamma X-rays UV Visible Near IR IR Far IR
UV adar)
10Å - 200 - 400 - 0.8 - 2.5 2.5 - 25 - 400 0.04 - >25

<1 Å 1-10 Å
200 nm 400 nm 800 nm mm 25mm mm 25 cm cm
* SWNIR 800-1100nm
Electromagnetic radiation can be considered to be an oscillating electric field

with an associated magnetic field, which travels through space with a wave
motion. Since radiation acts as a wave, it can be classified either in terms of
wavelength or frequency. These characteristics of radiation are related by the
following equation:
Frequency (1/sec)= Speed of light (C , in cm/sec) / Wavelength (l , in cm)

Interaction between light and matter:
When radiation interacts with matter, a number of processes can occur, including:
reflection
scattering
absorbance
fluorescence/phosphorescence (absorption and re-emission)
photochemical reaction (absorbance and bond-breaking)
In general when measuring UV-Visible spectra, we only want the absorbance process
to occur. Any of the other processes will adversely affect the precision of our measure-
ments.
When light passes through or is reflected from a sample, the amount of light absorbed
is the difference between the incident radiation, Io, and the transmitted radiation, I. The
amount of light that is absorbed is expressed either as transmittance or absorbance.
Transmittance, absorbance, and a list of the relevant terms are in the box below:
Terms
Transmittance = 100* ( I/ I 0 )
Absorbance = log (I0 / I) = e *b* c•
Extinction coefficient (e)= normalized amount of light absorbed by a specific
sample at a specific wavelength
Least squares method- used to correlate concentration to absorbance over a wave
length range and is an “over-determined” calculation
Diode array = array of detectors
A/D (light intensity) = digital signal 1-65000
Integration = number of Xe pules or detector exposure time
UV-Visible spectra by wavelength is usually measured in nanometers (nm = 10-9

meter) and angstroms (Å = 10-10 meter).
H2S-220 29
Quantitative Measurements
Spectroscopy has long been applied to the analysis of chemical composition. Many
materials show unique UV/VIS/SWNIR absorption spectrum.
Beer Lambert’s law relates absorbance to the concentration of a certain component at a

certain wavelength:
A(λ) = ε(λ) C d
Where :
A = absorbance
λ = wavelength
C = concentration
d = path length
e(λ) = extinction coefficient
The extinction coefficient, e(l), is a characteristic of a given substance under a precisely

defined set of parameters; wavelength, solvent, temperature and others. The measured
extinction coefficient is also, to some extent, dependent upon the instrumental charac-
teristics.
For these reasons, predetermined values for the extinction coefficient are not usually
used for quantitative analysis. In practice, a calibration or "working" curve for the sub-
stance to be analyzed is usually constructed using one or more standard solutions with
known concentrations of the analyte.
To do this, a zero is required. The absorbance of the standards relative to the zero is
then measured and the absorbance plotted against concentration. In principle, since
Beer's law is linear, only one standard is required, but it is good practice to use two or
more concentrations of standards which bracket the expected sample concentrations.
This enables detection of possible deviation from linearity due to instrumental or chemi-
cal effects.
Using linear regression, the calibration curve is constructed from the standard measure-
ments. Samples are then measured and their concentrations determined using the
calibration curve, as seen below:

Absorbance Curve
Absorbance changes linearly with concentration. Different chemicals absorb light at

different wavelengths. The absorbance signal depends on cell path length and changes
with temperature and pressure
Absorbance
(A)
Wavelength
An absorption spectra is a plot of the absorbance at different wavelengths
H2S-220 31
Concentration & Absorbance
The amount of light absorbed is proportional to the number of absorbing molecules

through which the light passes. The result of plotting absorbance against concentration
is shown below:
A= ε b c; A= absorbance, ε = absorptivity ; c= C
H2S-220 33
Example 1: Ammonia Calibration
A. Absorbance spectrum (195-225nm)
NH3 Calibration data - spectra .
OMA-300 , 60 cm cell, int 370, avg 16
1.2
0.8
Absorbance (AU)
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
195 200 205 210 215 220 225 230
Wavelength (nm)
B. Absorbance spectrum showing the absorbance at 212 nm
NH3 Calibration data - spectra .

OMA-300 , 60 cm cell, int 370, avg 16
0.8
0.7
0.6
Absorbance (AU)
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
210 210.5 211 211.5 212 212.5 213 213.5 214
Wavelength (nm)
C. Calibration curve using the absorbance at 212nm only
NH3 calibration curve -

OMA-300 60 cm flow cell int 370 avg 16
600.000
Absorbance spectrum showing the absorbance at 212 nm

500.000
NH3 Concentration PPM
400.000
y = 854.19x
R2 = 0.9997
300.000
200.000
100.000
0.000
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Absorbance (AU)
Example 2: H2S Calibration
H2S : 0.25-1% . Zero on air. The wavelength to monitor are optimized for that concentra-
tion range, allowing for one system to cover a very wide concentration dynamic range.
Absorbance spectra of H2S
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6 0.25
0.5
AU
0.5
0.75
0.4 1
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
220 240 260 280 300 320 340
nm
H2S-220 35
Multi Component Analysis
The absorbance at any wavelength of a mixture is equal to the sum of the absorbance
of each component in the mixture at that wavelength.

Multi -component analysis- theory
The term multi component analysis is used to describe procedures in which several
components are determined simultaneously. A variety of powerful mathematical tools
can be applied to the analysis of spectroscopic generated data. Provided that linearity
and additivity of the signal are assumed, the following equation can be written:
A j= Kj1C1 +... KjmCm+ej
where Aj is the total absorbance at wavelength j, Kj1 is the absorptivity of component 1 at

wavelength j at a fixed optical path, Ci is the concentration of component i in the
sample, and ej is the random error in the absorbance measurement.
Analytical procedures are usually based on the assumption that random errors are
inevitable and must be accommodated by over-determining the required value. For the
analysis of an m-component mixture, at least m measurements are required, ideally
spanning the concentration dynamic range of each of the components.
A least-squares regression analysis is commonly used in spectroscopy to determine

the linear combination of the variable K ji (Kji is the absorptivity of component i at wave-
length j ). In the determination step, it is assumed that the correlation found in the cali-
bration step is also valid for the other samples. The concentrations are calculated from
the absorbance measured at the chosen wavelength range and the absoprtivity values
(obtained from the calibration procedure) for each of the component and wavelength.
The fact that a full spectrum is continuously measured allows for the use of other
multicomponent models, most of which are extremely sensitive to wavelength reproduc-
ibility. Hence, a solid state spectrometer with accesses to multicomponent analysis
offers a very powerful technique for continuous composition monitoring.
The benefit of measuring a complete spectrum
By measuring a complete spectrum on-line, the diode array spectrometer effectively

gives the user a window into a continuous process.
This can be especially beneficial when multiple components need to be analyzed or

when single component analysis is complicated by the presence of impurities, which
absorb at similar wavelengths.
H2S-220 37
Instrumentation
Dispersive vs. Non-dispersive photometers

•In non-dispersive detection, the white light passes through the sample and goes
through to the detector. The detector is sensitive to a wide wavelength range.
•In dispersive detection, the white light is separated into its components by a disper-
sive devise such as a grating or prism. Only light at a specific wavelength reaches the
detector.
Dispersive devices Non-Dispersive detection

Certain devices cause different wavelengths of light to be dispersed at different angles.
When combined with an appropriate slit, they can be used to select a particular wave-
length (or, more precisely, a narrow wave band) of light from a continuous source.
Two types of dispersion devices are commonly used:
The prism is known by everyone for its ability to generate a rainbow from sunlight; this
same principle is used in spectrophotometers. While prisms are simple and inexpen-
sive to manufacture, they are temperature sensitive and their dispersion is angular
nonlinear.
The H2S-220 spectrophotometer uses holographic gratings. These are made from
glass blanks with very narrow grooves. The dimensions of the grooves are of the same
order as the wavelength of the light which is to be dispersed. The prepared blank is
then coated with a very thin layer of aluminum to create a mirror. Light falling on the
grating is reflected at different angles depending upon the wavelength. Holographic
gratings give a linear angular dispersion with wavelength and are temperature insensi-
tive.
A concave holographic grating combines the two functions of dispersing and focusing
light at the same time.

Influence of Path Length on Absorbance
Beer’s low
A = ε *C*B
the absorbance is directly proportional to the path length
the longer the path the more molecules in the light path and therefore the higher the
absorbance
Demonstration:
empty flow cell 1 molecule
light
Long flow cell: Short flow cell:

the light interacts with more molecules in the path the light interact with less molecules
in the path
the path and therefore the higher the absorbance See demonstration:
H2S-220 39
Influence of P&T on Absorbance:
Ideal Gas Law
PV=nRT
P = pressure
V = volume
N = concentration
T = temperature
R = universal gas constant = 8.3145 j/mol K
All collisions between atoms and molecules are perfectly elastic. There are no intermo-
lecular attractive forces. Molecules are referred to as perfectly hard spheres which
collide but which otherwise do not interact with each other.
Pressure Compensation
P1 V =N1 R T
P2 V =N2 R T
P1/P2 = N1/N2
N1= N2* P1/P2
Corrected concentration = Measured concentration * P calibration / P measured
Temperature Compensation
Corrected concentration = Measured concentration * T measured / T calibration
T in degree Kelvin

II. H2S-220 Sub Units
A process UV/VIS/SWNIR diode array spectrophotometer
The H2S-220 acquires, uses, and processes a complete high-resolution spectrum

allowing the analyzer to be applied to a variety of high demanding process applications.
The H2S-220 utilizes solid state technology and has virtually no moving parts. The
advantage is clear; in the harsh environments in which the H2S-220 operates, it remains
at full capabilities.
The software has the ability to handle a large set of data continuously and very quickly,
resulting in high quality multi component concentration readings. The user interface is
extremely simple and, once the analysis method and calibration are complete, the
operation is virtually automatic.
The analyzer is offered either as an UV visible or SWNIR system, depending on the

light source. The detector is a 1024 element diode array. The probes are immersion
fiber optics rods and are used to transmit the light from the light source to the sample
and from the sample to the detector.
Spectrophotometer Optical System
H2S-220 41
Main Sub Units
Instrumentation
In principle, all detectors consist of four major subunits:
a source that generates electromagnetic radiation (Xe)

a dispersion device that selects a particular wavelength from the broad band
radiation of the source (concave holographic grating)
a sample area flow cell)
a detector to measure the intensity of radiation (diode array)
The H2S-220 consists of the following major parts:
Computer
Detector
Light source
I/O field bus
Flow cell
DIN-rail Mount Power Supplies
Fiber optics

Computer and
Touch Screen
Power Supplies
Light Source
I/O Field Bus

Main Power Detector
Fiber Optics
H2S-220 43
Industrial Computer With Touch Screen
Description
Controller: 6.4" TFT LCD display (640 X 480 pixels) industrial PCs with touch-screen.
The display is compact and supports graphics and text. The screen has a brightness
of 250 nits. The computer is equipped with 2 serial ports and 4 USB ports as well as
two 10/100 ethernet ports. The computer has a 650 MHz processor with 256 MB of
RAM. It has a 2.5" hard drive of 40GB size with 5400 RPM and 8 MB buffer memory.
The operating system is Windows XP professional. Overall dimensions of the com-
puter are 6.5"(w) X 6"(h) X 4"(d).
Spectrometer computer connection
The spectrometer will be connected through the USB port.
Ethernet connection
In the continuous run the I/O field bus unit communicates with the computer through
the Ethernet. For the off line data transfer, the unit can be connected to an external
computer, either directly or through a hub. See chapter on communicating with an
external computer for more.

The detector
The detector is a device which converts a light signal into an electrical signal. Ideally, it
should give a linear response, with low noise and high sensitivity.
In chemical spectroscopy applications, high sensitivity means low concentrations,

which in turn means low absorbances, which in turn means low intensity levels. A
spectrophotometer detector must have low noise characteristic at low intensity levels
so that it is possible to accurately determine small differences between zero and
sample measurements.
Photodiodes are used as detectors. They have the advantage of greater dynamic range
and, being solid state devices, they are more robust. In a photodiode, light falling on the
semiconductor material allows electrons to flow through it, thereby depleting the charge
in a capacitor connected across it. The amount of charge needed to recharge the
capacitor at regular intervals is proportional to the intensity of the light.
The detector consists of a slit, a dispersive devise and a diode array. The communica-
tion between the detector and the computer is via the USB.
Diode array
Diode arrays are assemblies of individual photodiodes in a linear array. Self-scanned
arrays have the readout electronics included on the chip with the array. When read out,
all elements of the array must be read out in series. The array has 1024 elements.
The diode-array spectrophotometer uses an array of detectors and a “reverse” optics

configuration; that is, the dispersion device comes after the sample. An advantage of
the reversed optics configuration is that only light traveling along the axis from source to
inlet slit before the dispersion device can reach the detector; light from other angles
cannot. Thus the process is not susceptible to interference from ambient light and the
sample area can be left open, making the instrument easier to use.
Light of all wavelengths falls on the diode-array and is measured simultaneously; that is,
data acquisition is done in parallel. A spectrum is obtained by electronically scanning
the array.
H2S-220 45
The photodiode array is the heart of the spectrograph. It is a series of 1024 individual
photodiodes and control circuits etched onto a semiconductor chip, with a wavelength
range from 200-800nm or 400-1100nm.
Light falling on the semiconductor material allows electrons to flow through it, thereby
depleting the charge in a capacitor connected across it. The amount of charge needed
to recharge the capacitor at regular intervals is proportional to the intensity of the light.
Slit
The slit is a narrow aperture in a plate located at the focus of the spectrograph lens. It is
exactly the size of one of the photodiodes in the photodiode array. By limiting the size of
the incoming light beam, the slit makes sure that each band of wavelengths is projected
only onto the appropriate photodiode.
Grating
The combination of dispersion and spectral imaging is accomplished by using a con-
cave holographic grating. The grating disperses the light onto the diode array at an angle
proportional to the wavelength.

Detector and Light Source
Detector
Light source
Light source
Fiber optics
H2S-220 47
Light Source
The ideal light source:

• Constant intensity over all wavelengths in the UV-Visible region
• Low noise
• Long term stability
Three types of light source are available, the standard light source is a xenon pulsed
light source, also available deuterium and tungsten.
Pulsed Xenon:
190-650nm 220 Hz short-arc flash lamp for UV-VIS applications,
providing high energy pulses for a brief duration.
Light intensity Xe lamp
40000
35000
30000
25000
A/D
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
190 290 390 490 590 690 790
nm

Deuterium Light source:
Intense continuous source from 190-400nm
H2S-220 49
Removing the Light Source
Light Source Replacement Field Instructions:
1. Disconnect power at main source, utilizing standard lockout tag procedure.
2. Disconnect all cables attached to the detector (one USB cable and one DC Plug).

3. Remove four (4) 10-32 screws securing the assembly to the enclosure with an 1/
8" allen wrench.
4. Remove the light source and detector.
H2S-220 51
5. Using a Phillips Head screwdriver, remove the two screws holding the bulb cover
in place.
6. Remove the bulb cover, exposing the bulb.

7. After letting the bulb cool, remove the bulb with a clean cloth. Avoid
direct contact with the bulb.
8. The lamp is keyed so that there is only one way to place the bulb.
Replace bulb, again using a cloth, by keying it into place.
H2S-220 53
I/O Field bus
The field bus coupler consists of:
Field bus interface with the bus coupler connection

Processing unit
Supply module for the system and field power supply
The standard system Includes an analog 4-20mA output unit (2 channels) and an output
relay unit (2 channels).
Communication with the computer is via Ethernet communication protocol Modbus

TCP/ IP. It is connected via the RJ45 connector using a crossover LAN cable.
For more information about the unit please see WAGO manual. For setup of the
Ethernet connection see the communication chapter in this manual. This is all setup
prior to shipment and will only require the wiring to the 4-20mA output and relays, ac-
cording to the specific application.

Chapter 4
Softw ar
Softwar
aree
I. Off-Line Program
Introduction
This program is used to setup the run-time-on-line parameters and options,
including:
data storage to file
sampling system operation
auto-zeroing parameters
measuring, editing or loading standard including modifying the wavelength range
to monitor
calibration using the standard and parameters set at measure, load, edit STD.
The calibration coefficients obtained will be stored in a file to be used by the run time
on line SW.
Note: Before attempting to calibrate the unit consult with AAI to check if the unit has
been pre-calibrated.
SetupRun time par
H2S-220 55
Run_Time_On _Line configuration

Configure continuous Store of concentration or spectra
Information
Write concentration to file- write all concentration values to file.
Indicator: green light for on, gray light for off
Intervals for file update - frequency in writing the concentration data to file
Write spectrum to file - stores wavelength, A/D/ absorbance to a text file
Intervals for file update - frequency in writing the spectra data to file
Modify?
H2S-220 57
Print to file options
time interval file name
OFF Write Concentration to file 0 min.
Modify?
time interval 2
OFF Write Spectrum to file 1 min.
time interval p/t file name p/t

OFF Write P/T to file 1 min.
Modify?
DONE
Press On/Off switch to turn each of the storing options on or off. Set up the time
intervals for writing to file. Setup the file name for each of the data storing options.
This information will be stored in a file to be used by the run-time-on-line program.

Press yes to replace existing file.
The spectra file, if enabled, will be stored in c:\OMA-MP\smp file name = year_month_
day_hour_min_sec
Setup file name to store concentration
The file needs to be created first. The file will continuously append , you might need to
delete the data from time to time. This is a text file and can be opened in Excel.

Select file to store concentration to
Press replace the correct file name should appear here
H2S-220 59
Setup Auto Zero at a predefined time interval
Information
Zeroing by time interval - auto zeros at pre specified time interval
Time in minutes between auto Zeroing
Zeroing at absolute time - auto zeros every 24 hours at the specific time
Zeroing time- time of day for auto zeroing
Delay - time in minutes between the valve switching for the zero and the actual
measurement of the zero.
Zero to disk - stores the A/D of the complete scan of the new zero
Start with zero--the run-time-on-line program will start with an auto zero.
Modify?

Configure Auto Zero
See picture bellow:
A. The delay in minutes = delay between the time the valves are activated ad the
actual zero measurement; depends on flow rate, flow cell, and materials.
You will need to make sure that the delay is long enough so that the flow cell
contains air(nitrogen) only.
B. To setup auto zero for a specific time of day, insert zeroing time in 24 hour format
and press the on/off button to enable.
C. To setup auto zero for a constant time interval, insert time interval in minutes and
press the on/off button to enable.
C
B
A
Press the on/off switch to turn each of the options on or off

Set the time interval or zeroing time to the correct value
Set the delay to make sure that when an auto zeroing is stored, the probe sees
nitrogen only
Press done
his information will be stored in a file to be used by the run-time-on-line program
Press yes to replace existing file
Note : auto zeroing by both time interval and zeroing time is not allowed
H2S-220 61
Configure Seconds between scans
Information
seconds between each scan in the run-time-on-line software, for no delay.
Modify?
Seconds between scans (delay)
0 N o te : u s e 0 fo r n o d e la y
DONE
Insert the correct number of seconds.

Press done
This information will be stored in a file to be used by the run-time-on-line program
Press yes to replace existing file
Relay should be zero
Important Note:
Using a delay other then zero will slow the response of the system

Pressure & temperature compensation options
NOTE: The temperature and pressure input units are optional - make sure they
are included in your system if required for your application.
Information
Pressure compensation On/Off- The concentration readings are corrected for
temperature variations in the stream
Pressure and temperature scaling parameters
Pressure compensation calculation
Where
Pcal = Cell pressure (absolute) during calibration
Pcell = Cell pressure (absolute) during measurement
The Measured analog pressure (units depend on the model used) = P
The concentration of the analyte before P correction = C
The concentration of the analyte after P correction = Cp
Cp = C * Pcal/Pcell
The pressure is in Bar absolute

The user needs to insert the pressure in bara for 4 mA and for 20MA. For example, if the
pressure transducer is 0-3 bara, 4mA should be set to 0 and 20mA to 3.
Temperature compensation calculation
Let pressure intercept = Ti

Pressure multiply = Tm
The measured analog pressure (units depend on the model used) = T
The concentration of the analyte before P correction = C
The concentration of the analyte after P correction = CT
CT = C * (T+Ti)/Tm
For the temperature compensation Tm = is usually the temperature of the standards in

degrees Kelvin, and Ti = 273
Press save; this information will be stored in a file to be used by the run-time-on-line
program. Press yes to replace existing file.
H2S-220 63
T & P compensation - configuration
To change parameters under pressure or temperature, follow the steps below:
1.
A. Press modify, under pressure or temperature
2. A. Turn on to enable compensation

B. Enter the pressure for 20mA; this will depend on the pressure transducer
you are using
C. Enter the P cal (PCal = pressure during calibration)
D. Enter the pressure for 4mA
A.
D. B. C.

3. A. Turn on to enable temperature compensation
B. Temperature scaling to 4-20mA in C
C. Enter the temperature measured during calibration.
A.
B. B.
C.
H2S-220 65
P & T During Calibration
If the temperature and or pressure are monitored, when measuring a new std,
record the T cal and P cal during the measurement
Pressure during calibration
Temperature during calibration

Configure Sampling system parameters
Sets up the sampling system operation, controlling which relay should be activated first
for zero and sample and the delay between relay activations. Up to 5 relays can be
setup. Also allows for the testing of the sampling system by activating the relays.
The relays are numbered 0 to 5 where relay 0 is reserved for the fault relay and relay 3
is reserved for indication on setup or zero mode.
Modify?
Setting Up The Relays for auto zero and sample
A. Set up zero cycle

B. Set up sample cycle
H2S-220 67
You can setup 5 steps in a zero or sample cycle. In each step you need to define:
The relay number (see relay numbering in the next slide)

Relay on or off
Delay in seconds between Activation of sequential relays
C.
A.
B.
A. The first light will turn light green if the relay is on.
B. If there is a discrepancy between the read and the write to the relay,
this light will turn red.
C. To test the cycles setup for your sampling system, click on run a
test. The system will go through one full zero cycle.

Sampling system relay setup Example
Set the relay on or off. In the example above for zero the following is setup:
relay # 2 will be activated first for 120 sec
relay # 2 will be activated again for 60 seconds - total of 180 seconds for relay 2
being activated
relay #2 will switch off for 20 seconds
relay no 1 on for 120 seconds
relay 1 on for 120 seconds total of 240 seconds for relay 1 being activated
In the on-line
A program, if the auto zero at preset time or time interval is enabled the
delay that is setup in the auto zeroing screen will be implemented.
Then, a zero scan will start -- if all conditions are met the zero will be accepted auto-
matically and a new scan stored.
In all other zero modes the zero must be either accepted or rejected.
H2S-220 69
Example of an I/O filed bus unit with 6 relays
Fault relay
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5

Configure Analyte Units
Each component can be set to read at different concentration units.
If the standards concentration is reading as a per cent, and you would like to output it as
PPM, enter 10,000 and the readings will be duly converted.
If 1 is entered, the values will output as per the concentration units entered for the
standards at the calibration process.
H2S-220 71
Measure, load, edit STD
Use this program to measure new standards, edit loaded standards, modify or insert the
concentration of the components in the standard, or to change the method’s wavelength
range.

Measure a new Zero
New Zero
Before you start, make sure the light levels are setup correctly. (See adjust light levels.)
Then, measure a new zero.
Press new zero
Function:
Measure and store a zero, either manually or auto if sampling system is installed.
Operation:
Manual zero
Press manual and then manually insert zero material and zero.
Auto:
Insert delay in minutes between the time the relay switch and the actual zero scan.
Move the slide until the correct number appears in red, and then press auto.
H2S-220 73
Scan Zero
Function
Continuously displays and measures A/D counts and absorbance spectra.

The absorbance is calculated by the following method:
If I(λ) = the light intensity (A/D) at each wavelength of the current scan and I0(λ) = the
light intensity (A/D) at each wavelength of the previous scan, then the absorbance at
each wavelength is
A(λ) =
I0(λ) ; if I0(λ) = I(λ)
log then A(λ) = 0
I(λ)
Any absorbance number to 0 is due to noise. The absorbance in
the application range should be +/- 0.004 Au.
Operation
Press accept to accept the current zero. It will store the zero and continue.
Press reject to reject the zero
See auto zero at preset time or time interval for more information on the A/D delta, A/D
zero reject and A/D delta reject value.
Important Note:
If the light levels at the wavelength range of interest are lower then 1000 A/D
counts or higher then 60000 A/D counts, modify the light levels by changing the
integration time in spectrometer par setup.
User initiate Auto zero
User initiated auto zero will automatically switch the relays for zero, as per sampling
system definitions.
A zero scan will start following the preset delay. If an error occurs due to a relay not
activated/deactivated according to the preset parameters, a zero will not be measured
and the error message will appear in the info screen.
If no error occurs the zero scan screen will appear - press accept or reject.
Following the zero, the sample relays screen will appear. It will then switch back
to the continuous run.
Important Note:
See Configure sampling system for how to set up the relay activation
H2S-220 75
Storing a New standard (SDT)
Pressure during
calibration
Temperature
during cali-
bration
Note:
a new zero should be measured prior to measuring a standard. The same spec-
trometer parameters should be used for both zero and standard.
Function
Storing new standards
Operation
Press accept to accept the current standard. It will store the standard and go back.
Press reject to reject the standard and go back.
Display
Measures and displays A/D counts and absorbance spectra. When you press accept
the standard will be saved under the following name:c:\OMA-MP\std\year_month_dayof
the month_ hour_minute.dat
Important Note:
You need to wait at least one minute in between storing a new standard.
No need to zero in between measurements of new standards. See more
info in calibration.

Edit a Standard concentration
To insert the concentration values of the components in the standard, press the blue edit
button to the left of the standard to edit. The following screen will appear:
Function
Lets the user insert the concentrations of the specific standard. These values can be
edited later.
Operation
Insert the concentration of each of the components. Press save & exit to save or
cancel to exit without storing these values.
H2S-220 77
Change Wavelength Range
The following screen will allow you to modify the method’s wavelength range used in
the multi-components calculation of the concentration.
Function
Lets the user modify the wavelength range of the method that will be used in the LSQ
calibration (next step).
Operation
Insert the wavelength range for absorbance and reference. Press save & exit to save
or cancel to exit without storing these values. Press replace to add new values to file.
These values will also be used by the run-time on line program.
Note:
See how to choose wavelength for more information.

Load new Standards
The H2S-220 allows you to load standards that were measured previously. Press Load
STD in order to do so.
Press Load STD. You will be asked to enter a file name for the standard.
Press cancel when done. The standard that you have loaded will be added.
Edit the standard to insert the concentration of the components in the stream.
Files are stored in OMA-MP\std directory, if stored in the on-line mode, and in OMA-
MP\std, if in the off-line store std mode. File name is the date and time that it was
stored.
Delete Standard
You can delete a standard from the standards list. Press Del std to do so.
Enter the standard number as it appears on the standard list and then press Del STD.
The standard itself will not be deleted but only removed from the standards list that is
used in the calibration. If it is required to be reloaded later, the concentration will need to
be reinserted when reloaded.
Note:
The actual standard file will not be deleted and can be later loaded back, its just
deleted from the specific method standard list.
H2S-220 79
When the standards list and the wavelengths range are ready press stop.
Important Note:
When the prep std is restarted, the standard list will be loaded. However, the
wavelength range will be the last wavelength range that was stored in the file
c:\OMA-MP\wl.txt
Press replace when asked to replace file on all files.
Important Note:
If a new file method was stored you must go to calibrate & store coeff now!

Calibrate & store coef.
This program uses the standards and wavelength range that you have setup in mea-
sure, load, edit STD to calculate the calibration coefficients via a least squares (LSQ)
method.
The values below concentration indicate the concentration that you have inserted for
each standard and for each component. The values below the predicted concentration
show the concentration values for each standard and for each component as calculated
from the least squares method using the calculated calibration coefficients (this will
also be used in the on-line program).
The graph shows the absorbance spectra of the pure components calculated from the
least squares method at the wavelength range of interest.
Check to see if the predicted values are within the expected error range from the
actual given value. If not, the following can be done:
Check the laboratory readings and analysis method. Remember the calibration is
only as good as the laboratory values; inaccuracy in lab analysis will result in
inaccuracy in the calibration model.
Check to see if only one of the STD is particularly off. If so, delete it by returning to
the Edit & Process STD and deleting the STD that you suspect is causing the
problem. Remember that STD is not actually deleted; the file still exists. You will
need to run, measure or load STD to reload that specific STD back if required.
Change the wavelengths to monitor, with either the reference or the actual wave
length range to monitor. (See modifying the wavelength range for more)
Press OK when done viewing the results. When prompted to replace file respond by
clicking on the replace button
H2S-220 81
Conc results
List the concentration entered by the user and the calculated concentration for each of
the standards in the standard list
Calibration results
List the standard deviation of the method for each component, the closer this number is
to zero the better the calibration method.

Pure components spectra
Calculate and display the theoretical spectrum of each of the components calculated for
the wavelength range specified in the method and using the standard in the method’s
standard list.
Stop
Press stop to save the new calibrated method and exit
H2S-220 83
II. On-line program
Introduction
The run_time_on_line program starts and runs continuously with its default parameters.
The 4-20mA output is continuously updated according to the concentration value. The
calibration parameters are set in the setup & calibration program. The default zero is the
previous stored zero. The user can change the following parameters:
Spectrometer operational parameters
4-20mA output scaling
Before you start, please make sure the calibration parameters are optimized for your
application ,the sampling system relay definitions are correct, and the setup param-
eters for auto zeroing, storing data to file, pressure compensation parameters are
correct.
Once the program starts running it will continuously calculate the concentration. There
are 5 different screens that you can switch between to view information on the current
run. Those screens are described in this chapter.

Initial screen
Loading screen - if a communication error occurs between the detector and the com-
puter an error message will appear. There are two types of error messages, 5008 and
5009.
Error 5008: Serial USB comm error; press stop and make sure the detector is plugged
in. If the error continues restart the system
Error 5009: detector and software mismatch. Make sure the correct software version is
run (each detector requires its specific software).
H2S-220 85
Auto zero
If start with auto zero is enabled (see off-line), a new zero will be measured. To exit,
press stop auto zero. See zero for more.
Concentration screen
Displays the concentration of the individual components in a numeric format. Fault

alarm will appear if fault conditions are detected (see more on the fault alarm in the
chapter on relays & outputs.) Press any of the screen names to view other displays.
Temperature (in C) and pressures are also displayed.

Application Information Screen
Run-time-on-line Information
Indicator is light green for on
P compensation: if on, the concentration of each of the components will be corrected

for pressure variations.
Store P/T- writes the current pressure and temperature to file
Store conc.-writes the current concentration values to file
Store Spectra-writes the current spectrum to file
Auto Zero on/off - if on an auto zero will be measured at a preset time of day or time
interval (can be turned off during a run; see switch below.)
H2S-220 87
4-20mA scale
mA either 4-20mA or 0-20MA depending on the Wago units, the output will always be 4-
20mA.
The scale for each of the components, minimum and maximum values, is in the order
in which the components are displayed To change the scale press the setup
button on this screen.
Options
You can view the current concentration readings and spectra by

switching between the different screens.
To measure a zero, press on zero,
To setup the spectrometer’s parameters and 4-20mA scale press setup
To stop the run press stop.
A detailed description of each of the screens and options is given below
Display Screens
Appl Info - A short summary of the setup parameters

Conc. - Displays concentration value in a numerical format (also displays
temperature and pressure)
Bar - Displays concentration values in a bar chart format
Chart - Displays concentration values in a time chart format (will update the
chart only when displayed)
Spectrum - Displays the current spectrum, A/D counts, and absorbance.
Auto Zeroing on/off
The automatic zeroing at a certain time of day or time interval can be set off during the
continuous run. If the auto zeroing is in the initial setup, parameters are set to off. The
user can not set it on here. However, if set on it can be set on or off in this screen. See
calibration & setup for more.

Automatic Options
Pressing the setup, zero or stop buttons will pause the scanning. The 4-20mA will
freeze on its current value and the user can change operational parameters,
measure a new zero, or stop the run. Relay number 3 (starting from relay 0 -
for fault) will turn on every time the unit is in zero or setup mode.
stop- program will stop running, will still be loaded in the memory
setup- change parameters
zero- zero the analyzer
Indicators
The Fault, Flt-smp and Flt-Blk will appear if a certain fault had occurred.
Fault - will appear if the light level is lower then 1000 counts at the wavelength
range used for concentration calculations. See more about the fault message in the
chapter on relays & outputs.
Flt-sample- if the relays read this back, the sample did not correspond to its settings
(sampling system communication error).
Flt-Zero- if the relays read this back, the zero did not correspond to its settings
(sampling system communication error).
Blk-ERR- if the light level of a new auto zero is different from the light level of a previ-
ous zero by a user defined value (see auto zero for more) the zero will be rejected and
this error message will appear.
On-line- continuously blinks if on-line.
H2S-220 89
Bar Concentration Screen
Displays the concentration of the individual components in a bar format.

The display scale is set by the 4-20mA scale.
To change the scale on the bar, highlight the top or bottom number on the scale
and type in the new value (for display purposes only). The fault alarm will appear if
fault conditions are detected (see more on the fault alarm in the chapter on
relays & outputs.) Press any of the screen names to view other displays.

Time Chart Screen
Displays the concentration in a time chart.

This time chart will be updated with current values only when displayed.
Move the scale to change the time scale or the scroll under time scale. Press OK
under
the clear chart to clear the chart. Fault alarm will appear if fault conditions are
detected. Press any of the screen names to view other displays.
%FSD the y scale is the percent of full scale. Scaling defined as the 4-20mA scale.
H2S-220 91
Spectra Screen
Displays continuous spectra:

• A/D counts vs. wavelength
• Absorbance vs. Wavelength
• Concentration values in a numeric format. Fault alarm will appear if fault condi-
tions are detected. Press any of the screen names to view other displays.
Options:
• Store SPCT: will store the current spectrum (only one) to file name c:\OMA-
MP\smp\Year month day of month hour minute.dat
• Store conc: will continuously write concentrations to file until unpressed, file
name c:\OMA-MP\conc.dat, will store the concentration only when the spectra
screen is displayed.
Note:
When storing the concentration of a new run it is recommended to delete the con-
centration file first in order to prevent the creation of a very large file, since it ap-
pends the file rather than replacing it on start-up. It is also not recommended to leave
this option on for too long since the file is being appended and might become too
large to view.
Manually run a series of concentrations and store the spectrum by pressing

store spect. Notice the relevant concentrations.

Setup
Password
Move the knob to the correct value.
The password for each analyzer can be found in Appendix C.

The scroll button on the numeric control can also be used. Then press enter
H2S-220 93
Press the relevant button to change parameters. All the parameters are stored in a
text file and will be used continuously and on start-up until modified again . (See file
description for more).

Setup 4-20mA output
Function
setup 4-20mA scale
Operation
Insert the mA scale - depending on the Wago unit - the output will always scale to 4-
20mA. Contact AAI if more information on the Wago units in your system is required.
Insert the minimum and maximum for each components. Press cancel to exit without
saving , press save and exit to save and exit.
H2S-220 95
Adjust integration and spectra to average
Function
Setup spectrophotometer operating parameters.
Note : before you start to set up the integration times set the average to 1 so
that the update will be much faster. Remember to setup the average to the
correct value afterwards.
Int. time
The more time in msc that the diode array is exposed to light, the longer the integration
time and the slower the response time. Since different wavelength ranges might
require different light levels there is an option of setting more then one integration time,
allowing for the setting of different integration times for different wavelength ranges.
Average
The higher number of spectra to average, the lower the noise, the longer the response
time.

Operation
The graph shows the combined vector of the current light intensity measurement.
1. Scale the graph so that you zoom into the wavelength of interest.
Open lock on auto zoom. Highlight the number on the scale and type in the new
number for the min and max of the scale . You need to set the integration time so that
the A/D counts will be higher than 1,000 and lower then 60,000.
2 If more then one integration time range is required change the number of ranges
to two.
3 The diode index is 0 to 1000, in which diode # 0 corresponds to 160nm
and 1000 to 800nm. If more than one range is used make sure that the wave
length end will be the same as the wavelength start for the next range. Modify the
diode index range and integration for each range until the resulting spectrum
has the correct light levels for the required wavelength ranges.
4 Integration is in msec units - 1 corresponds to 1 msec integration and 20
to 20 msce integration.
5 When the intensity at the wavelength range of interest is OK continue to set the
average and delay parameters.
6 Press stop, then save and replace. This information will be stored in a file to be
used in any of the scanning routines. Press yes to replace existing file.
Note:
The more integration ranges you have, the slower the response time.
The longer the averaging the better the signal to noise ratio and the longer
the response time.
Important note:
A new zero should be stored if the spectrometer parameters are modified.
H2S-220 97
Zero
Click here
Function
Measure and store a zero manually, or automatically if sampling system is installed.
Operation
Manual zero:
Press Manual, then manually insert zero material and zero.
Auto zero:
Insert delay in minutes between the time the relay switch and the actual zero scan.
Move the slide until the correct number appears in red and then press auto.

Manual Zero
Function
Continuously displays and measures A/D counts and absorbance spectra.

The absorbance is calculated by the following method: if I(λ) = the light intensity (A/D) at
each wavelength of the current scan and I0(λ) = the light intensity (A/D) at each wave-
length of the previous scan, then the absorbance at each wavelength is:
I0(λ)
A(λ) = log
I(λ)
Operation
Press accept to accept the current zero, it will store the zero and continue. Press
reject to reject the zero
See auto zero at preset time or time interval for more information on the A/D delta, A/D
zero reject and A/D delta reject value.
Note: Zero should be close to zero in the wavelength range of interest,

<0.004AU in the lower graph
Important Note:
If the light levels at the wavelength range of interest are lower then 1000 or
higher then 60000 A/D counts, modify the light levels by changing the integration
time in spectrometer par setup.
H2S-220 99
For manual flow air To use the sampling system
or nitrogen, press to switch the valves
manual to flow air or nitrogen, press
auto

You are now ready to zero the analyzer. Insert nitrogen into the
flow cell and wait five minutes.
A B C
A. A. Highlight and type in 210. B. C.

B. Highlight and type in 280.
C. Click on locks to disable auto scaling.
The upper curve is the A/D or light levels. The lower curve is the absorbance. For a
good zero wait until the absorbance at the application wavelength range (for example,
220-300 nm range) is in the +/- 0.004 AU range. When stable press accept.
Make sure the lower graph’s absorbance is +/- 0.004 in the application wavelength
range
H2S-220 101
User Initiated Auto Zero
The user initiated auto zero will automatically switch the relays for zero,
as per sampling system definitions.
Click here
A zero scan will start following the preset delay. If an error occurs due to
a relay not activated/deactivated by the preset parameters, a zero will not be measured.
The error message will appear in the info screen.
If no error occurs, the zero scan screen will appear--press accept or reject.

Wait a few minutes to make sure the flow cell is clean .
A B. B C. C
A. A. Highlight and type in 210. B. C.

B. Highlight and type in 280.
C. Click on locks to disable auto scaling.
good zero wait until the absorbance at the application wavelength range (for example,
220-300 nm range) is in the +/- 0.004 AU range. When stable press accept.
Make sure the lower graph’s absorbance is +/- 0.004 in the application wavelength
range
H2S-220 103
Following the zero, the sample relays screen will appear. It will then switch
back to the continuous run:
Auto Zero at a Preset Time or Time Interval
If the auto zeroing is enabled in the off-line program, a zero will automatically be mea-
sured either at a preset time of the day or at a preset time interval. The relays
will switch according to the settings of the sampling system (see calibration) and a zero
will be measured.
If an error occurs during the relay switching, an error message will appear in the appli-
cation info screen and a new zero will not be stored.
If a new zero is measured successfully, no error message will appear and the time and
date of the last auto zeroing will appear in the application information screen.
Note: the time and date of the new zero will be updated only if the zero is taken
during the continuous auto zero. The time and date will not be updated by the
user initiated auto zeroing. The new zero will be used by the program in both
cases.
Auto Zero and Auto Sample Errors:

1. The relays did not switch in accordance to the zero sequence.
2. The new zero was significantly different from the pervious zero; this indicates
a problem with the nitrogen flow for the zero.

Automatic Accept/Reject Zero in Auto Zero
The A/D in the 240-280nm range of the currently scanned zero is continuously com-
pared to the A/D in this range of the previously stored zero. If the difference (delta) is
higher than a preset value, the zero is rejected automatically and an error message in
the info screen will appear
If the new zero is accepted and stored the A/D value of the new zero and the difference
in A/D in between the former and new stored zero will be written to file.
File name c:\Ad-delta.txt

File format:
Example:
date time delta (difference in A/D) current A/D of saved zero
12/19/2003 10:55 AM 14061.665 14321.165
12/19/2003 11:19 AM, 14674.141 14933.641
2/19/2003 11:25 AM, 14513.743 14773.243
12/19/2003 11:31 AM 14607.166 14866.666
12/19/2003 11:36 AM 26.627 14893.292
Setup of the Zero Auto Accept

To enable/ disable the auto accept/reject option, edit the following file:
c:\OMA-MP\blank accept reject par.txt
File format:
A/D delta on/off accept reject (0=off, 1=on)
Example
5000 1
In the example above, if the A/D difference in the 240-280nm range between the new
scan zero and the stored zero is higher then 5000, the zero will be rejected automaticity.
To disable this option, insert a zero instead of a one -- the delta and A/D will still be
written to file but the value will be automatically accepted (in the preset time or time
interval zero only.)
Note: the automatic accept /reject zero in auto zero option will work in the pre-
set time or time interval zero only.
H2S-220 105
Relays Activation in the on-line mode
The system can have up to 6 relays. The relays are numbered 0-5.
Relay 0: fault relay if no error occurs (see fault relay error list), it will be activated on the
start of a continuous run and will deactivate when an error occurs.
Relays 1 and 2 : are associated with the sampling system, used to open and close
valves for nitrogen and steam.
Relay 3: indicates that the system is either in the zero or setup mode.
The following screen will appear when a zero or setup starts:
Fault Relay Deactivation Conditions
A fault message will appear in all display screens.
1. The light levels in the measurement range (setup in the off-line program)
are below 500.
2. Communication between spectrometer and computer are lost.
3. Optics coating (will result in low light levels).
4. Fiber optics malfunction (will result in low light levels).
5. A bad calibration model leading to an error in the least squares calculation (go back
to the off-line program and fix the calibration model).
Important note:
These errors Do Not Deactivate the Fault Relay
The following error messages will appear in the info screen:
Zero relays did not activate properly (the zero will be rejected)
Sample relays did not activate properly
Zero light levels are significantly different from the previous stored zero (see auto
accept/reject zero for more)

SPAN
After the analyzer has been calibrated successfully, you might want to compensate
for lab readings or other concentration related issues and slightly change the reading by
spanning it to a new value.
B. C.
A.
A. To go back to the default value, in which the reading is the non-

spanned reading, press here, then save and exit
B. Current non-averaged reading
C. Enter the span value (new concentration value), then save and exit
D. New conc = Raw conc in default mode
B D.
H2S-220 107
Span multi-components:
If only one value needs to be spanned, than the value for the other component must be
the same as the displayed value. For example: 200 to 250 and, 0.12 to 0.12, only the
H2S reading will be spanned.

III. Setting Up Light the Levels
Lev
The following subsection will run through the steps for setting up light levels.
Press setup
H2S-220 109
The password is 300
Click on SPECT

Scan & Adjust Light
See next page for example on how to setup light levels

Press stop then save and replace
H2S-220 111
Example
The method’s wavelength is 218-245nm. However, that number will depend
on the application and the method’s wavelength range. It could be an iterative
process where the method range depends on the light levels.
A. B.
D.
C.
A. Change this number to 1 for quick response while in this screen. Remember to
switch back to 16 when done adjusting the light levels.
B. Change to zero while adjusting the light.
C. Change this number until the light levels in the 218-245nm and the 270--275nm
range are between 800-6000.
D. Should stay 1, in most cases.
• Delay is a function of the Int time and averaging

• Use the following equation to calculate the needed delay use:
Delay= (Int time x 4.5 x average + 1000; or just set it to on for auto calc delay
• When done, make sure to change the spectra to average back to 16.
• Press stop to save.
• Note that if the integration time is higher than 600, you will need to clean the optics.
• Open the flow cell, clean the optics, and repeat.

Exponential Averaging
For moving average in concentration; the readings will be more stable

but the response time will be slower.
Only change this number--the higher the number,

the more stable the readings, the longer the response time.
This is application dependent.
To turn the moving average

on or off, click here.
H2S-220 113
Changing Analog Output Scale
For either 4-20 or 0-20mA outputs

(default is 4-20mA)
Component no 1, 4 mA = concentration?
Component no. 1, 20 mA= concentration?
In this case, 0 In this case, 5

Storing Concentration to file
Note: this is storing concentration in the on-line software.

For the off-line option, see storing concentration in off-line software.
Click here to
continuously store
concentration.
File name: c:\OMA-
mp\conc.dat
Click here to continuously store concentration. File name: c:\OMA-mp\conc.dat

re
Concentration
file
H2S-220 115
Storing spectra to data files
Click here to .store a new spectrum

File name: c:\OMA-mp\std\year_month_date_hour min_sec.txt
Note:
Spectra Files stored here can later be loaded in the off line mode to be used as
standard files

Chapter 5
CALIBRATION
CALIBRATION
I. Calibration Theory
Correlation Between Absorbance and Concentration
In the calibration process the correlation factors between absorbance and concentration
are determined. These factors depend on path length and wavelength.
Beer Lambert’s law:

The amount of light absorbed is proportional to the number of absorbing molecules
through which the light passes.
The result of plotting absorbance vs. concentration is shown below,
A is the absorbance, c the concentration, b path length and ε the extinction coefficients
of the specific component:
A= εbc
Calibration curve of 5 standards. The slope is equal to the extinction coefficient times
the path length.
H2S-220 117
Correlation at a Specific Wavelength
The absorbance at a specific wavelength can be correlated to concentration. The

extinction coefficient at each wavelength is different.
A(λ) = e(λ)Cd
Where :
A = absorbance
λ = wavelength
C = concentration
d = path length
e(λ) = extinction coefficient
The extinction coefficient is a characteristic of a given substance under a

precisely defined set of conditions of wavelength, solvent and temperature, along with
other parameters.
The measured extinction coefficient is also, to some extent, dependent upon

the instrumental characteristics. For these reasons, predetermined values
for the extinction coefficient are not usually used for quantitative analysis.
In practice a calibration, or "working," curve for the substance to be analyzed
is usually constructed, using one or more standard solutions with known
concentrations of the analyte.
Single Wavelength Calibration (filter)
When calibrating a filter-type spectrometer, only one wavelength range is used.

Several standards with known concentration values are measured and a graph
of the concentration vs. absorbance is plotted.
The figures on the following page demonstrate a single wavelength range

calibration.

Example
In this example, four standards of SO2 were measured by a photometer. The
concentration vs. absorbance was plotted. The slope is the extinction
coefficient for SO2 at the 270-295nm range and at the specific path length.
Absorbance values of four SO2 standards. A filter-type photometer will output for ex-
ample the absorbance at the marked (270-295nm) range only.
SO2 absorbance spectra
0.4
0.35
0.3 0.25
960 ppm
0.25 0.2 1850 ppm
2460 ppm
AU
0.2
0.15 3041 ppm
0.15
0.1 0.08
0.05
0
240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320
nm
H2S-220 119
Calibration curve for SO2 for the 270-295 nm range, see previous graph for the spectra
Calibration curve using the SO2 standards shown in figure 2.
0.3
y = 8E-05x
2
R = 0.9993
0.25
Absorbance (AU)
0.2
Series1
0.15
Linear (Series1)
0.1
0.05
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
Concentration (PPM)

Absorbance Spectra
An absorbance spectra is a plot of the absorbance at different wavelengths. A

schematic diagram of an absorbance spectrum
Absorbance
(A)
Wavelength
Multi wavelength Calibration
If instead of a photometer you are using a full high resolution spectrum, you can have
many such calibration curves. If, for example, a wavelength range of 220-320nm is
used with 1 nm resolution, it will result in 100 different calibration curves (1 for each
nm).
The results are much more accurate since we are now averaging over 100 detectors
instead of just 1.
If we look at the Beer equation per wavelength:
A(λ) = e(λ)Cd
if C, the concentration, is 1 then A (absorbance) is equal to the extinction coefficients

times the path length. For C=1:
A(λ) = e(λ)d
In the multi wavelength calibrations the extinction coefficients times the path length
at each wavelength are determined (e(l)d).
The plot of the extinction coefficient for SO2 at a 1ppm concentration is shown in
figure 5 on the next page and is created when the calibration coefficients or slope at
each wavelength is determined.
H2S-220 121
Absorbance spectra of 1 PPM SO2 calculated, A(l) = ε(l) d
Absorbance spectra of SO2 calculated in the off-line mode using the method and
standards list defined in the off-line mode

Multi wavelength Multi - component analysis
The term multi component analysis is used to describe procedures in which several
components are determined simultaneously. A variety of powerful mathematical tools
can be applied to the analysis of spectroscopic generated data. Provided that linearity
and additivity of the signal are assumed the following equation can be written:
A j= Kj1C1 +... KjmCm+ej
Where A j is the total absorbance at wavelength j, Kj1 is the absorptivity of component 1

at wavelength j at a fixed optical path, and Ci is the concentration of component i in the
sample, and ej is the random error in the absorbance measurement. Analytical proce-
dures are usually based on the assumption that random errors are inevitable and must
be accommodated by over-determining the required value. For the analysis of an m-
component mixture at least m measurements are required ideally spanning the concen-
tration dynamic range of each of the components. A least-squares regression analysis
is commonly used in spectroscopy to determine the linear combination of the variable Kji
(Kji - is the absorptivity of component i at wavelength j ) . In the determination step, it is
assumed that the correlation found in the calibration step is also valid for the other
samples. The concentrations are calculated from the absorbance measured at the
chosen wavelength range and the absoprtivity values (obtained from the calibration
procedure) for each of the component and wavelength.
The fact that a full spectrum is continuously measured allows for the use of other
multicomponent models, most of which are extremely sensitive to wavelength reproduc-
ibility. Hence, a solid state spectrometer with multicomponent analysis capabilities offers
a very powerful technique for continuous composition monitoring.
One component multi wavelength calibration:
A j= KjC +ej
In the calibration process KJ the calibration coefficients for each wavelength are
determined.
Calibration Frequency
In the H2S-220 analyzer if the path length temperature and pressure are constant there
is no need for re calibration. The calibration coefficients or the correlation between
concentration and absorbance at each wavelength should stay constant. In scanning
spectrometers, where the wavelengths to be monitored are selected by a moving
element there will be some wavelength drift, however, since the H2S-220 incorporate a
diode array detector - no moving parts there is no drift in wavelength. The position of the
Xe lamp peaks might vary with temperature so we will need to zero (blank) periodically,
but not to re calibrate.
Span
The span option allows the user to change the concentration readings. It will not change
the calibration coefficients only adjust the final concentration reading. The span option
should be used for fine tuning of the analyzer and for correlation with lab readings. The
lab itself might vary its analysis method so instead of re calibration the span will correct
for it.
H2S-220 123
II. Optimal Wavelength Range
Introduction
Conventional instruments for single component analysis usually use wavelengths of
the absorbance maximum. With a diode array spectrophotometer, many of these
reasons are no longer valid, and the quality of a calibration can often be improved.
• The Beer-Lambert law is the theoretical base for the quantification in the UV-
Visible range. It states that the absorbance of a solute is directly proportional to
its concentration.
• Real data may deviate slightly from the ideal linear relationship described in the
Beer-Lambert Law. Some reasons for this deviations can be
– low light levels leading to noisy data
– the presence of a second component absorbing at the measured
wavelength
– the effect of stray light due to high absorbance values
– molecular interactions between the components of the analyte
– a concentration-dependent change of the molar extinction coefficient
• These deviations are wavelength-dependent, so the selection of the appropriate
wavelength can minimize their influence on the results.
Choosing a Wavelength Range
The optimal method’s wavelength range depends on:
• the absorbing component, or components for a multicomponent application (H2S,

SO2 , etc.)
• the concentration range
• the flow cell path length
• pressure
The following examples will demonstrate the process of obtaining the optimal range. In
addition when building a new method the user might want to test various wavelength
ranges and see which gives the lowest standard deviation in calibration results. And
long term stability might also be affected by the choose of the range to be monitored.

SO2 application
Two concentration ranges 0-1000 PPM and 0-1%. If no other absorbing component is
present and the path length, pressure and temperature are the same for both applica-
tion. The optimal wavelength range for the 0-1000 PPM application is 265-300nm,
whereas the optimal range for the 0-1 % is 295-310nm. The absorbance at the range
should ideally be 0.008 - 1.2AU covering the low concentration to the high concentration
samples.
If the absorbance is too high or too low and the optimal wavelength range can not be
found then try to change the path length of the flow cell.
Absorbance spectra of SO2, zero on N2

2
1.8 SO2 104PPM

SO2 41.6PPM
1.6
SO2 500PPM
1.4 SO2 1000PPM
Absorbance (AU)
SO2 5000PPM
1.2 SO2 1%
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
220 270 320 370
Wavelength (nm)
H2S-220 125
H2S application % range
Two concentration ranges and suggested application wavelength range

A. 0-1% 220-230nm
B. 0-10% 232-250nm
1.8 H2S H2S

5% 10%
1.6
1.4
Absorbance (AU)
1.2
0.8 H2S
1%
0.6
0.4
A B
0.2
H2S
0.2%
0
220 225 230 235 240 245 250 255 260
Wavelength (nm)

H2S PPM range
Low H2S application requires a longer flow cell. In this example its two concentration
ranges 0-20PPM and 0-100PPM .
A. 0-20 PPM wavelength range 221- 225nm
B. 0-10 PPM wavelength range 221-230nm
H2S absorbance spectra 0-100 PPM
0.2
0.18
0.16
0.14
Absorbance (AU)
0.12 10ppm
19ppm
0.1
67ppm
0.08 B 75ppm
0.06
0.04
A
0.02
0
210 215 220 225 230 235 240
Wavelength (nm)
H2S-220 127
Multi Components H2S and SO2
Application 0-1% H2S and 0-1% SO2, since both components need to be measured the
H2S PPM to % application wavelength range should be optimized for both components in this case
220-320nm
1.2 Total Absorbance at 230nm = H2S abs at 230nm + SO2 abs

at 230nm
0 3353 0 0663
1
SO2 1%
0.8
Absorbance
H2S 1%
H2S 1% +SO2 1%
0.6
0.4
0.3353
0.2690
0.2
0.0663
0
220 240 260 280 300 320
Wavelength

Multi Components H2S and RSH
Application 0-500 H2S and 0-1% RSH, since both components need to be measured
the application wavelengths range should be optimized for both components in this
case 220-250 nm
Absorbance spectra of H2S & RSH
0.8
0.7 H2S 8 cm from cal at AAI
0.6 RSH 8 cm cell
0.5
AU
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280
nm
H2S-220 129
III. Single Component Calibration (off-line mode)

Insert no of
components
Insert analyte name

(ex H2S)
Click on replace
H2S-220 131
Click on stop

Click here
The following screen will appear:
In this example, 4 standards were already stored. If you need to delete these standards,
click on the Del STD.
If you want to add a new standard, skip the next page and continue following instruc-
tions.
H2S-220 133
Enter the standard number to delete
Below is the screen as it will appear when all standards are deleted:

Scan & Adjust Light

Press stop then save and replace
H2S-220 135
Example
A. B.
D.
C.


Zero
You are now ready to zero the analyzer. Insert nitrogen into the flow cell and wait 5
minutes.
good zero wait until the absorbance at the application wavelength range is in the +/-
0.004 AU range (e.g., a 220-300 nm range) . When stable, press accept.
Store new std

You are now ready to store a new standard. Press new std . Insert cal gas into the flow
cell. The upper graph is the A/D or light intensity. The lower graph is the absorbance.
Wait until the lower graph is stable to make sure the flow cell is full of cal gas.
Then press accept to accept the standard.
H2S-220 137
Enter Cal Gas Concentration
Click here to enter the

concentration of the new std
Important Note:
For a single component application, one standard should be sufficient.
However, it is recommended to store several standards, even if at the same
concentration
Enter the Cal Gas Concentration Value

Change wl
To change wavelength range click on change wl. To chose the correct wavelength
range see Choosing a Wavelength.
When done, press stop. Make sure to save the new method.
Stop
Make sure you save the new method.
H2S-220 139
Calibrate
Now that you have created the method and stored the standards, you will need to
calibrate ,
Click on calibrate.
Concentration results
Review the calibration results: the first column is the standard number, the second
column is the cal gas concentration you entered, and the third column is the calcu-
lated concentration calculated from the method you just created. If the In H2S values are
very different from the calc H2S value, go to the debugging instructions, under prob-
lems in calibration

Calibration Results
The error should be less the 2% of full scale

The std DEV should be lower then 2% of the full scale. For example if the application
full scale on concentration is 1 the STD DEV should be lower then 0.02
H2S-220 141
This is the calculated absorbance spectrum of the component to be measured.

In this example, it is H2S.
Press stop and save

IV. Multi Component Calibration
The absorbance at any wavelength of a mixture is equal to the sum of the absorbance
of each component in the mixture at that wavelength.
1.2 Total Absorbance at 230nm = H2S abs at 230nm + SO2 abs at 230nm
0.3353 = 0.0663 + 0.2690
SO2 1%
0.8 H2S 1%
Absorbance
H2S 1% +SO2 1%
0.6
0.4
0.3353
0.2690
0.2
0.0663
0
220 240 260 280 300 320
Wavelength
H2S-220 143
Click here
Enter number and name of components
Click here

A. Enter number of components
B. Enter name of component 1
C. Enter name of component 2
C.
H2S-220 145
D. Press replace
Press stop

Setup multi components method
Press Measure, load, edit Std.
H2S-220 147
Delete standards
If you are starting a new calibration, delete all standards.

If you are just adding new standards, there is no need to delete the standards.
Click here to
delete
Enter the std # to delete

Adjust light levels
The screen as it will appear after all standards have been deleted:
Click here
Before you zero and store a new standard you will need to make sure the light levels in
the wavelength range of interest for this application are higher then 1000 and lower then
6000.
When done, press stop

then, save and replace
H2S-220 149
Example
A. B.
D.
C.


Zero
You are now ready to zero the analyzer. Insert nitrogen into the flow cell and wait 5
minutes.
good zero, wait until the absorbance at the application wavelength range is in the +/-
0.004 AU range (e.g., 220-300nm range). When stable press accept.
Store new std

You are now ready to store a new standard. Press new std . Insert cal gas into the flow
cell. The upper graph is the A/D or light intensity. The lower graph is the absorbance
Wait until the lower graph is stable to make sure the flow cell is full of the call gas.
Then press accept to accept this standard.
H2S-220 151
Entering Cal Gas Concentration
Click here to enter the concentration of the new std
Enter the cal gas concentration value

Change wl
To change wavelength range click on change wl. To chose the correct wavelength
range see Choosing a Wavelength.
When done, press stop. Make sure to save the new method.
Make sure you save the new method.
H2S-220 153
Calibrate
Click here to calibrate
Review the calibration results: the first column is the standard number, the second &
third columns are the cal gas concentrations you entered, and the fourth & fifth
column are the calculated concentrations, from the method you just created.
If the In H2S and or RSH values are very different from the calculated H2S and RSH
values, please go to the debugging instructions, under problems in calibration.
Concentration results

Calibration results
The STD DEV should be lower then 1% of the cal gas reading. E.g., if the cal gas
concentration is 100, the STD DEV should be lower then 1.
This is the calculated absorbance spectrum of the component to be measured. In this

example it is H2S (black line) & RSH (red line).
H2S-220 155
Stop
Press stop to continue and save method.

Chapter 6
Comm unica
Communica tion
unication
I. Intr oduction
Introduction
All of the analyzer’s functions, including external and internal communication, are
controlled by the computer.
There are basically two types of communications :
√ Analyzers computer (PC) to detector

√ Analyzers computer (PC) with I/O field bus units
H2S-220 157
II. Analyzer’s Computer to Detector
A vector of 1024 numbers is transferred at a rate of 57600 baud

via the USB connection . This vector represents the light intensity at each pixel. The
analyzer to detector communication settings should not be modified.

III. Analog & Digital I/O’s
The analog and digital I/O’s are controlled by the I/O field bus unit ( Wago).
Digital Output Analog Output

2 channels 2 channels
H2S-220 159
Analyzer’s Computer With I/O Units (field bus coupler unit)
Communication between the master application and the field bus coupler (WAGO unit)
takes place via the Modbus/TCP/IP protocol, over Ethernet. The analog and digital I/O all
takes place via this unit. The system is already set with its IP address; however, if
required, please see the Wago manual for how to start up Ethernet TCP/IP field bus
node. A debugging software is also available for the user to communicate directly with
the individual Modbus via an external computer.
The basic unit consist of the following Modbus:
Bus Coupler:
The Bus coupler forms the link between the field bus and the field devices with their I/O
functions. All control functions required for the faultless operation of the I/O functions are
carried out by the coupler. The connection to different field bus systems is established
by Modbus .
In the I/O modules, the incoming process data is converted. Corresponding to the
/O Modules:
different requirements, special I/O modules are available for a variety of functions. There
are digital and analog inputs and outputs and modules for special functions . The ana-
lyzer comes with one analog output module (2 channel analog output 4-20mA) and one
digital output relay unit (2 normally open contact).
Termination Module:
A termination module is needed for faultless operation of the node. The
termination module is always placed as the last module in order to obtain a termination
of the field bus node. This module has no I/O function.

Wiring the IO Units
H2S-220 161
Buscoupler for Ethernet TCP/IP
The field bus coupler consists of:

√ Field bus interface with the buscoupler connection
√ Processing unit
√ Supply module for the system and field power supply
Important note: Both status lights should be green; if either light is off an error
has occurred. See picture below.
Note: No need to rewire the Buscoupler , it is wired prior to shipment

H2S-220 163
4-20 mA output
The standard analyzer includes one 4-20mA output module which includes two chan-
nels.
To setup the 4-20mA scaling see the run_time_on_line program description.

H2S-220 165
Wiring the 1st Analog Output

Digital Output Relay
One module, two normally open contact non-floating, AC 250 V
First relay is designated as the fault relay. Upon start up of the run_time_on_line pro-
gram, the relay will activate. If a fault condition occurs the relay will de activate. Once
the fault condition is over the relay will automatically reactivate.
Second relay is used by the sampling system / auto zero. See how to setup the sam-
pling system for relay setup.
H2S-220 167
Switching capacity
H2S-220 169
Wiring the 1st Digital Output (fault relay)

Pressure and temperature inputs (optional)
The temperature and pressure signals can be read as a 4-20mA inputs one module in
which channel one is pressure and channel two is for temperature input. If there is no
input the light indicators on top of each channel will be red or if connected it will be
green.
H2S-220 171
H2S-220 173
Chapter 7
Dia gnostics and Troub
Diagnostics leshooting
oubleshooting
Use a Systematic Troubleshooting Approach
To successfully identify and resolve any problems that may arise in the instrument,
you must adopt a systematic approach. Then, with the help of the information
contained in this manual, there should be no problem that cannot be solved.
A good troubleshooting strategy is:
9 Use a systematic approach

9 Check for simple things first
9 Get the facts
9 Identify possible causes
The troubleshooting section of this manual contains the information that you need to
find the cause of your problems, structured so as to lead you through the possible
causes in a logical manner.
Check for Simple Things

Often what appears to be a major fault can be caused by simple mistakes in
operation. Therefore, it is important to check for any basic complications that
may be the cause of the fault.
Identify Possible Cause

Before starting to troubleshoot a problem, you will have to first identify all the symptoms
of the problem. To help you do this, it is a good idea to read through the symptoms
covered in the troubleshooting section of this manual and try to match
one of the symptom descriptions to the problem that you have.
Once you have completely explored the symptoms you can turn to the
troubleshooting section of this manual and follow the instructions in sequence down the
page, testing and eliminating possible causes, until you have identified the cause. You
can then rectify the source of the problem and return the instrument to normal operation
as quickly as possible.
For different stages of troubleshooting, the start-up test of the spectrophotometer,

instrument self-test, and various diagnostic tests are used.

Problem Types
Several types of problems can occur:

Sampling system
Flow cell
Optics coating
Fiber optics stop transmitting light
Computer
Hard drive
Windows operation system
Outputs (4-20mA)
Run_time_on_line software
Spectrophotometer
power supplies
communication / cables
Analyzer will not switch on -
Possible Causes Action

•Incorrect wiring of power •See wiring information and installation
cord
Analyzer will not give any readings, an NA will be displayed -

•Spectrometer to analyzer com- •Make sure the USB cable is connected to the
munication problem computer and spectrometer.
•Measure voltage on the spectrometer power
supply - should read 12V.
•Restart the analyzer and make sure the spec-
trometer is off (no power for at least 1 minute)
•If error 5008 or 5009 occur see more under
error messages
If the problem persists contact AAI.
No light from light source
•Lamp will not trigger •Disconnect the fiber and put a white piece of
paper in front of the lamp. Is there any light?
Important: this is UV radiation. Make sure

you have protected glasses before attempt-
ing to check the lamp.
•Restart the analyzer. If problem persists, run

off-line diagnostic. If the problem still persists,
exchange the lamp.
Note: The Xenon lamp will activate only

during a scan
H2S-220 175
Fault indicator appears in the run_time_on_line program

•Light intensity in the wavelength •Change integration time
range that is used in the analysis •Make sure the fiber is connected properly.
method is less than 300 counts. •Clean optics
•Look at the spectra; do you have light in other
wavelengths? If not, see why the lamp will not
trigger.
•If you still have some light but not enough for
this application you might still need to replace
the optics, fiber-optic or lamp.
•Run the program with a direct link between
spectrometer and lamp (one fiber)
•Concentration is too high, use a shorter flow
cell or move the wavelength to monitor to a
higher wavelength
•Calibration parameters mismatch •Rerun calibration
Zero-relay or sample- relay fault message appears

•Relays did not switch according •Check the I/O unit. Are both indicator lights on,
to settings in either zero or does the green light flicker during the run?
sample. •If not, the I/O unit is not communicating with
the computer. Check the connection of the RJ-
45 Ethernet cord to the computer and to the
bus coupler on the I/O system. Make sure the
I/O unit’s wires are set up according to the
enclosed drawings. Make sure that the settings
for networking on the analyzer’s computer are
as specified in this manual.
•Restart the analyzer and try again.
•If problem still exists run off-line diagnostics. If
the problem persists contact AAI.
Analyzer is on but the computer will not turn on

•Computer is switched off •Locate the computer on/off switch on r.h.s. and
turn on.
•Computer power cable is out
•Insert computer power cable back in.
•Hard drive cable is loose
•Fasten hard drive cable
•Hard drive is faulty
•Change hard drive
•If the problem persists contact AAI.

Measurement Results Indicate Excessive Noise Over The Whole Spectral Range

•Lamp is off. •Make sure that the lamp is on. If lamp will not
trigger see light source will not trigger.
•Light path is blocked. •Clean probe.
•Probe is not installed correctly. •Follow instructions; make sure the probe is
assembled properly.
•Broken probe window. •Exchange windows.
•Interfering components in the •Collect absorbance spectra over time. Send to

stream. AAI for analysis, check if new gasses are known
to be present in the stream, analyze samples
manually in lab.
•Noise in the UV wavelength range •Exchange the lamp.

may be caused by a weak or
defective deuterium lamp.
•Spectrograph electronics may be •Run diagnostics on air. If spectrometer did not

defective. pass self test, exchange lamp. If the problem
persists, change spectrometer.
Excessive Drift

•Variations in temperature. •Ensure that the environment in which the
spectrophotometer is being used is stable.
•Light levels too low •Increase integration time
•Window coating •Clean windows, check on stream condition
.
•Interfering components in the stream •Collect absorbance spectra over time. Send
to AAI for analysis, check if new gasses are
known to be present in the stream, analyze
samples manually in lab.
H2S-220 177
4-20mA will not update

•I/O system is off •Check to see if both indicator lights on the bus
coupler are on, if not check wiring. Check to see
if the RJ-45 Ethernet cord is connected to the
computer and the bus coupler on the I/O sys-
tem.
•Incorrect 4-20mA scaling •Press setup then 4-20mA correct 4-20mA

scale.
•Run_time_on_line program •Check to see if the on-line light is blinking if not

stopped running restart the program.
•If problem still exists run IO test
If the problem persists contact AAI.

Fault Alarm
The Fault alarm on the H2S-220 is triggered whenever there is not enough light being
transmitted from the light source to the detector.
This happens when the A/D counts of the light drops below 250 counts, in the method’s
wavelength range.
This can be caused by:
fibers that are not connected, or broken,
coating or condensation on the optics
concentration of process out of range
a faulty light source.
In this review we will go through examples and show a graph of the light levels and
absorbance in each situation.
When a fault alarm is triggered first go to the spectrum screen, these graphs will help in
determining the cause of the fault alarm.
Normal Light Intensity

The picture below shows the light intensity and the absorbance spectrum that can be
expected when the instrument is running on blank gas or air. The light levels at the peak,
around 248nm, should be about 60,000 counts. There should be light extending into the
low UV, below 220nm with counts near 5,000 at 220 and 2300 at 210 nm. The low graph
is that of the absorbance measured by the detector. The absorbance spectrum in this
configuration should be a flat line close to zero AU.
H2S-220 179
Light levels are too low
Connect the fibers directly and not through the flow cell
A. Damaged Fibers
B. Undamaged Fibers

Figure A: H2S-220 in fault. Notice that the fault light is on in the upper right hand corner
of the screen, there is no light in the intensity screen, and the absorbance spec-
trum screen is just a random shape (noisy).
This type of fault can be due to the following:

– The fibers are unconnected.
– The fibers are not connected tightly
– The fibers are broken
In order to fix this problem first check that the fibers are connected. One fiber should go
from the light source to the fiber connection on one end of the flow cell. The other fiber
should go from the other end of the fiber to the spectrometer.
It is also important to note that the fibers are non direction and either fibers can be
connected to the light source or the detector. If the fibers are connected correctly make
sure that they are screwed to the SMA connecter on the flow cell, light source ,and
detector, and not just placed into the connection.
IMPORTANT NOTE:
NEVER USE A WRENCH OR ANY OTHER TOOL TO CONNECT THE FIBERS TO THE
SMA CONNECTORS; THEY SHOULD BE HAND TIGHT ONLY!
If these checks do not correct the problem then there is a chance the fiber has been
broken and is no longer transmitting light.
The way to check the fiber’s transmission is the follow procedure:
1. Disconnect both fibers from the system.

2. Connect one fiber directly form the light source to the spectrometer.
3. Connect the other fiber directly from the light source to the spectrometer.
4. The intensity of the light being transmitted in a direct connection from the light
source to the spectrometer should saturate the spectrometer and the graph of the
intensity should look like figure B. If no light is transmitted than the fiber is
damaged and should be replaced.
H2S-220 181
Process Sample Is Out Of Concentration Range
A fault can occur when the amount of light being transmitted is too high in the method
wavelength range . (Setup in he off-line mode)
There can still be high light levels in other ranges of the spectrum. This can be seen
on the picture above and is usually an indication that the process is out of range. This
picture shows a screen shot of an analyzer set up to measure H2S 0-50ppm.
The method wavelength range was set to 218 to 225nm. However, this analyzer is now
reading H2S at levels four times higher then the specified range. This puts the analyzer
outside of its specified and optimized range of this specific application.
Note: if the application has changed the new concentration range is higher,
simply go to the off-line mode change the wavelength range store and measure
new standards and re calibrate the analyzer
If high range of H2S is causing the fault, the following would be observed:
If the analyzer is out of range, the process sample will absorb all the light in the
range that H2S absorbs. The wavelength range directly after the measurement
range (method range) 235nm and on would still have plenty of light to make the
measurement.
In addition, see if the spectrum still maintains the shape of H2S and not just the random
noise seen in the previous page.
To correct this problem either wait for the process values to go back to normal or insert
cal gas to check the analyzer’s performance.

Condensation On The Optics
Condensation on the lens diminishes the transmission of light over the entire spectrum
and is distinguishable by the typical shape of the light intensity .which leads to high
absorbance across the entire spectrum with no specific shape to the spectrum.
The optics can be easily cleaned by drying the surface of the optics to remove the
condensation.
Important note:
Its not enough to clean the optics its important to locate and prevent the source
of condensation since it most likely it will happen again. This can be corrected by
removing cold spots in the lines or heating the flow cell.
H2S-220 183
Coating Of The Optics
Coating of the optics is another problem that might cause a fault.

Coating occurs when a substance in the process stream or blank creates a film
on the surface of the optics.
The coatings usually absorb light, usually in the low UV.
Coatings causes problem for such applications as H2S, SO2, NO, NH3
The graph in the picture below shows
light transmitted in the visible range but
not in the UV. Coating usually blocks light
over a broad range of the spectrum while
high process values block at a specific
wavelength range. With high process
values the analyzer will go from working
well to fault quickly. Coating is
formed over time ; the time between
faults may be hours, days, or weeks, but
it will occur regularly.
If the fault is caused by coating unlike
high process values, the shape of the
spectrum is random and does not
resemble any shape of the components
being measured.
Switch back to zero gas; if the light

levels go back to normal, it is probably
not coating. It could, however, be con-
densation .

Coating and condensation of optics - summary
If coating is the problem the optics will need to be removed form the cell.
Coating on the optics looks like an oily film on the surface of the optics. In
most cases it can be cleaned.
Please refer to the next section for the procedure on cleaning the optics.
Condensation on the optics might also cause the light levels to drop.
Condensation looks very similar to coating except it is not just in the UV but
over the entire range of the spectrum.
Debugging condensation is the same as debugging coating.
In order to fix the condensation, the optics also have to be removed and the
condensation wiped off with a soft cloth similar to a Kimwipes.
This will be a reoccurring problem until the cause of the condensation is
determined and the necessary modifications, such as heating the flow cell, are
made.
H2S-220 185
Cleaning the Optics and Flow Cell
Step One:
Prepare the following before cleaning
• Flow Cell
• Acetone
• Cotton Swabs
• Soft Wipes
• Paper Towels
• Soft Jaw Channel Locks (Nylon Jawed Channel Locks from AAI
shown in picture)

Step 2:
Use the special channel locks to remove the optics from the flow cell
Step 3:
Dip the cotton swab into the acetone to soak the cotton tip. Be sure to check the swab
head for anything that may damage the optics
H2S-220 187
Step 4:
In a circular motion, gently scrub the surface of the optic till all of the coating is re-
moved.
Step 5:
Take a soft wipe and dry the surface of the optic to remove any acetone that has not
evaporated from the surface and to clean any residue of the acetone.

Step 6:
Repeat steps 3 through 5 with a new cotton swab and a new soft wipe for the second
optic. Once the optics are cleaned return the optics to the flow cell.
H2S-220 189
Error 5008: Computer and Spectrometer Are Not Communicating
Check the USB cable in between the computer and spectrometer

Make sure the spectrometer is getting 12 V power.

Go to the control panel and find out if the device is connected ( instructions follow
in the pages ahead.)
Click on system
Click on device manager
H2S-220 191
Check to see if this USB serial port appears. If not, recycle the power to the computer
and spectrometer.
If so, record the com port (in this example, com5.)
Look for the USB serial port no; com 5 in this example
In Notepad, open the file inst-type.txt in c:\OMA-MP directory
This number should be the comport number -1 (e.g., for com5, use 4 above Port no)

Error 5009 : spectrometer does not match the computer
Each software installation is per spectrometer. If you switch spectrometers, you will
need the drivers that go with that specific spectrometer . Error 5009 indicates that the
wrong drivers are used – please contact AAI tech support for more.
H2S-220 193
Error 7
For some reason one of the OMA-MP directory files has been deleted or corrupted
Find the OMA-MP backup directory (under my documents)
Select all the files in that directory
Go to c:\OMA-MP and copy the selected files into the OMA-MP directory
If this is a calibrated unit and you do want to keep your settings, say no when
asked if to replace a file. Otherwise, say yes to replace.
In same cases you will also have a backup on a memory stick
Note: Its highly recommended that you have a backup of the OMA-MP directory
after each change, on a memory stick. These files can then be re loaded as a
backup copy

Copying files from the backup
Go to Windows explorer , select OMA-MP directory
Click on the directory and select all files
Press Edit and copy
H2S-220 195
Go to c:\OMA-MP directory and press Edit and past. (It will ask if to write over, if the
analyzer was calibrated and you want to keep the calibration answer no if you want to
load an old setup press yes)

Problems in Calibration
If the calibration result’s standard deviation is higher then 1-2% of full range and the
calc vs. cal concentrations are significantly different, you might have a calibration
problem. Either the dilution are wrong, one of the standard can be an outlier , the zero
was not correct the light levels are low, interfering components or the application wave-
length range is in correct.
Important note: the minimum number of standards should be the number of

components to measure
H2S-220 197
Possible Errors in Calibration
1 The concentration you entered for the specific standard is incorrect

2 The standard cal gas did not flow through the flow cell while storing a standard
(valve did not open or did not wait long enough for it to stabilize)
3 There was not enough light in the method’s wavelength range
4 Incorrect method’s wavelength range
5 Cal gas leaked during calibration
6 Pressure variations during calibration
7 Incorrect zero before calibration
8 Interfering components
9 No of components to measure > No of standard

Chapter 8
H2S-220 W iring Dia
Diagg r am
H2S-220 199
200
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Maynard, MA 01754
200
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Maynard, MA 01754
Connect power to the analyzer
H2S-220 201
Chapter 9
Flow cells and pr
low obes
probes
Most analyzers use a flow through cell with optics and fiber optics on each end. Some
analyzers use insitu probes, and a cold finger probe for tail gas applications. In addition
filter holders and cuvette holders can be also used for non flow testing and verifications.

Flow cell
Fiber-optics flow cells are used in process applications. The gas or liquid to be moni-
tored interacts with the light, coming into the cell via fiber optics, in the flow cell. It is
mainly used for absorbance measurements, where the light absorbed by the sample is
correlated to concentrations. The longer the path, the higher the absorbance due to a
higher number of absorbing molecules in the light path. The path length is critical and
should be studied in detail for each application.
The parameters to consider prior to making this decision are: absorbance range and
intensity of the components to be measured and the possible interferences, concentra-
tion dynamic range (nominal max min) and expected sensitivity and accuracy of the
method. All these issues must be taken into account when optimizing the path length.
AAI’s flow cells are used in UV Visible and Near Infrared absorbance measurements,
path length’s run from 1 mm to 1 meter and material of construction include Kynar
(PVDF) , SS316, SS316L , Monel 400, and Titanium.
H2S-220 203
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Handling & Care of Fiber-Optic
Handling & Storage
When not installed, store fibers with protector caps over fiber tips to prevent scratch-
ing of polished faces.
Fiber Change-Out
Simply loosen the SMA connector and remove the fiber
Fiber installation
Installing fiber bend radius should be kept at a minimum of 7”.
When installing be sure to take care of fibres tips , do not scratch and keep
clean.
Make sure on installation that you leave enough slack so that the fibres are not
installed too taut between the analyzer box and flow cell. Its always recommended to
keep spare fibres.
H2S-220 205
C h a p t e r 10
Sampling systems
The H2S-220sampling system is either based on an in-situ or flow through flow cell
While a variety of flow cells, optical paths and materials of construction are offered, two
basic standard sampling system designs are offered:
• An extractive aspirated system with a manual or automatic zero and span for
gases and liquids,
• A semi in situ semi extractive stack sampler with flow indication and automatic
span and zero capability. The immersion probe is inserted into a sintered metal
filter to protect it.

A ppendix A
A pplication Specif
pplication ic inf
Specific or
infor ma
orma tion
mation
Analyzer’s Computer IP address : 192.168.1.33 left / 34 right
Subnet 255.255.255.0
IO field bus wago unit IP address: 192.168.1.17
Windows password H2S-220

Run_time_on_line setup password 0300
Multi components Single components P AT software Other
H2S-220 207
APPENDIX B
ERROR MESSA
ERROR GES
MESSAGES
Error 50008
Communication error--computer can not detect the diode array detector.

Go to device manager, see if the USB serial port appears. If not, recycle the power to the spectrometer and
computer. It should now reappear. See below:
Make sure the correct comport is setup in the inst-type file:c:\OMA-MP\inst-type.txt (the number above port
number should be the USB serial Port -1 (in this example its com 4 -1=3)
0 0 0 0 0 3
0=UV, 0=cont, 0=rarray, 0=300, 0=smooth, port no

Error 50009
Software spectrometer mismatch -- please contact AAI
Fault
If a fault appears it is usually an indication of low light levels in the range specified in the
off-line program in the analysis method setup.
It is also possible that the method and calibration were not done correctly.
However, if the method was not changed, the fault must be a result of low light levels.
H2S-220 209
In the on-line program click on spectrum: the Intensity graph (A/D) upper graph will be
the debugging tool.
A. If the intensity is low at the entire wavelength range:
1. Connect the fiber directly between the lamp and spectrometer.
If the light levels are OK then test the second fiber. Are both fibers OK? Then continue
to 2
Light is still very low --it is either a bad fiber or lamp. Use safety glasses and disconnect
the fiber. Use a piece of white paper: do you see light reflected? If so the light source is
OK ; the fibers are probably broken. If not, then a new bulb is required.
2. If the light levels are OK with direct fiber connection try to clean the flow cell, or use a
filter holder to connect between the two fibers.
If cleaning the flow cell does not help please contact AAI

B. The intensity is low but you can still see some light at a higher wavelength.
If this analyzer was already setup with the correct integration time then its probably due
to:
1 Window coatings
2 Particles or bubbles in the flow cell
3 Concentration is higher then it was setup for
4 An additional component in the stream
If 1-2 then please clean flow cell

If 3-4 then check sample in lab to see if the concentration is higher then expected. If so
the integration range might need to be changed, the flow cell modified or the calibration
method modified (move method wavelength range to higher wavelengths).
If this is the first time the analyzer is setup make sure you know the method’s wave-
length range. Then, increase integration so that you have sufficient light at the method’s
wavelength range.
Change integration time: press Info screen, then setup - password is 300.
Press spect.
H2S-220 211
Example
A. B.
D.
C.


Error Software is locked in load mode
1. Make sure the arrow is black. In the picture below the program is loaded to memory
but is not running. Click on the error to start.
2. If its a computer to spectrometer communication problem the following message

will appear:
H2S-220 213
3. If it is a detector to software mismatch the following screen will appear:
Error 50008 and 50009: see previous section
Note:
Make sure the off-line program is not running while the on-line program is because both
programs communicate with the spectrometer and I/O modules. If both programs run
simultaneously the communication will not be stable.

APPENDIX C
Ar ea Classif
Area ica
Classifica tion
ication
The analyzer is also offered either as a general purpose or purged (explosion-proof) to

comply with hazardous area classification
Z-Purge - For area classification Class I, DIV II, Groups B, C & D
X-Purge - For area classification Class I, DIV I, Groups B, C & D
H2S-220 215
APPENDIX D
Dr
Draa wings

217
~

Suite 535
Maynard, MA 01754
H2S-220
218
Suite 535
Maynard, MA 01754
219
Applied Analytics,
Ap An Inc.
OMA-A-300
Suite 535
Maynard, MA 01754
H2S-220
220
Suite 535
Maynard, MA 01754

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H2S-220

Chapter 5 .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 117

Chapter 6 .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 157

Chapter 7 .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 174

Chapter 11 .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 199

Chapter 12 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 202

Chapter 13 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 206

APPENDIX A ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 207

APPENDIX B ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 208

APPENDIX C ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 215

APPENDIX D ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 216

Applied Analytics, Inc. 6

The following precautions should be followed to minimize the possibility of personal

1 The system must be plugged into a grounded power line

Applied Analytics, Inc. 8

This symbol on the back of the instrument indicates a ground terminal.

Failure to follow these statements may invalidate the warranty.

Part number Description Release date

970-385 OMA User's Aug-06

2006, Applied Analytics, Inc.

Applied Analytics, Inc. 10

Except in the case of an authorized distributor or seller, authorized in writing by Seller to

No warranty is made with respect to used, reconstructed, refurbished, or previously

• Loss, damage, or defects resulting from transportation to the Buyer’s facility,

Applied Analytics, Inc. 12

This is a computerized optical instrument. Please handle with care.

Never operate your instrumentation without a ground connection.

Applied Analytics, Inc. 14

Applied Analytics, Inc.

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Applied Analytics, Inc.

AAI CHECK CUSTOMER CHECK

Packed and Checked By:

Received and Checked By:

Applied Analytics, Inc.

Applied Analytics, Inc. 2 Clock Tower Place,

Applied Analytics, Inc.

1. Assemble the Flow Cell

2. Connect the Fiber Optics to the Detector and Light Source

See pg. 22for more details on connecting fiber optics-

1 Connect the fiber optics to the light source and spectrometer.

Note: The light source and spectrophotometer can be connected

The fiber connections can be seen above

Applied Analytics, Inc. 22

Use oil free instrument air at 60psi and -40C dewpoint

Connect instrument air here

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Start Up The Analyzer

1. Screen starts up in Windows

3. I/0 unit is on and shows green lights

Applied Analytics, Inc. 26

If the analyzer was pre calibrated start the on-line mode,

Only one program can run at a time.

Vacuum Micro(r- Radio

10Å - 200 - 400 - 0.8 - 2.5 2.5 - 25 - 400 0.04 - >25

Electromagnetic radiation can be considered to be an oscillating electric field

Frequency (1/sec)= Speed of light (C , in cm/sec) / Wavelength (l , in cm)

Applied Analytics, Inc. 28

UV-Visible spectra by wavelength is usually measured in nanometers (nm = 10-9

Beer Lambert’s law relates absorbance to the concentration of a certain component at a

The extinction coefficient, e(l), is a characteristic of a given substance under a precisely

Applied Analytics, Inc. 30

Absorbance changes linearly with concentration. Different chemicals absorb light at

a source that generates electromagnetic radiation (Xe)

Field bus interface with the bus coupler connection

Press the on/off switch to turn each of the options on or off

Insert the correct number of seconds.