1.

**Lens Insertion into a Nylon Cord Frame:**

When inserting lenses into a nylon cord frame, it’s essential to handle the delicate nylon material
carefully. The lenses are typically placed into the frame’s lens grooves, ensuring they fit securely without
causing any damage to the nylon material.

2. **Comparison of Lens Materials (CR-39, Polycarbonate, and Ophthalmic Crown Glass):**

- **CR-39:** Lightweight plastic material, provides good optical clarity, but less impact-resistant.

- **Polycarbonate:** Highly impact-resistant, suitable for sports and safety glasses, but can scratch
more easily.

- **Ophthalmic Crown Glass:** Heavier than plastic, excellent optical quality, scratch-resistant but can
break upon impact.

3. **Types of Bifocal Lenses, Advantages, and Disadvantages:**

- **Types:** Bifocal lenses include flat-top, round segment, and blended designs.

- **Advantages:** Provide clear vision for both near and distance, convenient for individuals with
presbyopia.

- **Disadvantages:** Image jump (perceived movement of images when switching between segments)
and limited intermediate vision in some designs.

4. **Methods of Measurement for Distance PD:**

Distance PD (Pupillary Distance) can be measured using a pupillometer or ruler. It represents the
distance between the centers of the pupils and helps in accurate lens placement.

5. **Frame Adjustment Terms:**

- **Splay:** Refers to the angle at which the temples of the glasses spread outward from the frame.

- **Frontal Angle:** The angle formed between the frame front and the temples.

- **Fitting Triangle:** Describes the optimal balance of the frame’s weight on the nose and behind the
ears for comfortable wearing.

6. **Bifocal Lenses and Aspheric Lens:**

- **Bifocal Lenses:** Offer both near and distance vision correction; various designs cater to different
visual needs.
 - **Aspheric Lens:** Has a flatter, more aesthetically pleasing surface, reduces distortion, and provides
better peripheral vision compared to conventional lenses.

7. **Progressive Addition Lenses (PALS) and Fitting Considerations:**

- **Designs:** PALS offer seamless progression of multiple prescriptions, eliminating visible lines.

- **Fitting Considerations:** Proper fitting involves accurate measurement of near, intermediate, and
distance vision zones, ensuring comfortable adaptation and clear vision at all distances.

8. **Handling Complaints about Spectacle Alignment:**

- **Glasses Not Staying in Place:** Adjust nose pads or temples for a better fit.

- **Nose Pads Indentation:** Switch to wider or softer nose pads.

- **Distance Vision Problems with PALS:** Check frame alignment; if issues persist, recheck
prescription and lens position.

9. **Frame and Lens Selection for Children with High Myopia:**

- **Frames:** Choose lightweight, durable frames to ensure comfort.

- **Lenses:** High-index lenses can reduce thickness and weight; consider scratch-resistant coatings
for durability.

1. **Lens Insertion into a Nylon Cord Frame:**

Lens insertion into a nylon cord frame involves carefully placing lenses into the frame’s grooves. Nylon
cord frames have flexible nylon cords that hold the lenses in place securely, allowing for easy insertion
and adjustment.

2. **Effective Power, Equivalent Power & Refractive Power with Diagram:**

Effective power is the overall power of a lens system, considering both the lens power and the effect of
any additional prisms or lenses. Equivalent power refers to the power of a lens that is optically
equivalent to a combination of lenses. Refractive power is the ability of a lens to bend light, measured in
diopters (D). A diagram can visually represent how these powers interact in different lens configurations.
 3. **Methods of Measurement for Distance PD:**

Distance PD (Pupillary Distance) is the measurement between the centers of the pupils. Methods for
measurement include using a pupilometer, ruler, or other specialized tools to ensure accurate distance
PD for fitting eyeglasses.

4. **Selection Criteria for High Minus Lens Wearer:**

High minus lens wearers require careful consideration due to their strong prescriptions. Factors like
lens thickness, weight, and frame selection are crucial. Lightweight, high-index lenses and appropriate
frame styles are essential for comfort and aesthetics.

5. **Define Frame, Add Note on Frame Types and Boxing System:**

A frame holds lenses in the correct position for vision correction. Frame types include full-rim, semi-
rimless, and rimless. The boxing system refers to the lens size notation used for ordering lenses,
indicating lens width, bridge size, and temple length.

6. **Near PD Calculation for Altered Working Distance:**

To calculate the near PD for a different working distance, you can use the formula: Near PD = (Distance
PD × Near Working Distance) / Far Working Distance. For example, if the near working distance is 25 cm
and the original far working distance is 40 cm, the near PD can be calculated accordingly.

7. **Aspheric Lenses and Fitting Considerations:**

Aspheric lenses have a more gradual curvature, providing better optics and reducing distortions. Fitting
considerations involve aligning the lenses correctly to the eyes, ensuring optimal vision correction and
minimal aberrations.

8. **Criteria and Steps in Fitting of PALs and Frame Selection:**

Progressive Addition Lenses (PALs) require precise fitting. Criteria involve assessing patient lifestyle,
visual needs, and frame choice. Fitting steps include taking accurate measurements, aligning the PALs
correctly, and ensuring patient comfort.

9. **Handling Complaints Regarding Alignment in the Workshop:**

Common complaints include glasses not staying in place, nose pads pressing too much, and vision
problems with PALs. Troubleshooting involves adjusting nose pads, checking frame balance, and verifying
prescription accuracy to address these issues.
 10. **Frame and Lens Selection for Children with High Myopia:**

Children with high myopia need lightweight, impact-resistant lenses and durable frames.
Polycarbonate lenses are often suitable due to their safety features. Frame selection should prioritize
comfort, durability, and proper fit to ensure the child’s vision is corrected effectively and safely.