CANUNO BRIAN T.

BLOCK-ECHO
BS-CRIMINOLOGY

ANSWER:

1. Types of lenses based on lens speed

FAST LENS – Lens with high lens speed, a high lens speed is used during nighttime or in dark room.
SLOW LENS – Lens with low lens speed, used during daytime or where the room is very bright.

2. Types of lens based on their focus

AUTO FOCUS – are the predominant types to the market. AFLSR’s focus using a phase detection system
that slits the incoming light into two or more parts and compares them to determine the amount of
DEFOCUS. AF is not perfect, but the technology has greatly improved since the first AF lenses made their
appearance. As it is, sometimes this phase detection system can have difficulty with dim lighting and fast
– moving objects, but they are more accurate than the infrared systems found on point and shot
cameras.

MANUAL – FOCUS LENSES – YOU SIMPLY TURN THE FOCUSING RING BY HAND UNTIL THE SUBJECT IS
SHARP IN THE VIEW FINDER. Although AF lenses dominate the market today, nearly all interchangeable
AF Lenses allow the user to over ride the AF mode with the manual focus option. These lenses usually
have a switch on the barrel, so that you can choose one or the other to suit the shooting circumstances.

3. GROUP OF LENSES ACCORDING TO THE ANGLE OF VIEW

Normal Lens – A lens with a focal length equal to the diagonal measure the image area. The image area
of 35 mm camera is 24x36 mm, thus a normal lens for any 35 mm SLR is 50 mm international standards,
50 mm lens may have an actual focal length of 48 – 52 mm, and the normal lens has a picture angle of 5
degrees that correspond to the viewing angle of the human eye.

Wide Angle Lens – The wide-angle lens has a shorter focal length than the normal lens. As a result, it
covers a picture angle of 60 – 90 degrees. It enables photographing a widely extended scene from a
close proximity or within a confined area. The range for wide angles for 35 mm SLR cameras includes
8mm, 24mm, 28 mm, and 35 mm. The 28 mm and 35 mm are the most important for general wide angle
for police work.
Telephoto Lens – as telephoto lens, or long focus lens has a longer focal length and provides a close up
image of a distant object. In contrast to the wide-angle lens, the telephoto lens covers a small field of
view and a shallower depth of field. Because of shallow depth of field, there will be lack of sharpness of
the subject focus areas in the photograph to be produced. Another characteristics of the telephoto lens
is production of flat composition, far objects appear enlarged while near objects do not appear
proportionally large.

Super wide Angle Lenses – In this category are fish eye lenses with a 180 degrees angle of view. Focal
lengths run from an amazing 6 mm to about 18mm. F stop ranges begin at F 1.8 but average f 3.5 and f
4.

Zoom Lenses – The macro zoom is relatively new in both long and short-range classes. By turning a ring
on the lens barrel, you are able to focus as close as three four inches and still use zoom capability. Such
lens gives you close – ups as well as variable focal lengths. and the macro zoom is taking this field. A final
zoom category is the variablefocal length lens that operates in the same manner as the zoom.

Special Purpose Lenses – Two special- purpose lenses in particular should be familiar to you. The first is
adjustable through movement of the front portion up and down for perspective control (PC).
Architectural photographers benefit using a PC lens that offers some control of perspective similar to the
using the tilting front and back of a view camera.

Add – On Teleconverter Lenses – Add-on lenses. Principal among add- on lenses is the fishnet lens that is
screwed into the front of a normal 35 mm camera lens, offering a super wide effect for less cost than a
separate fisheye lens.

4. Different lens defects

ABERRATION in optics, is the failure of light rays to focus properly after they pass through a lens or
reflect from a mirror. Proper focus occurs when the light rays cross one another at a single point.
ABERRATION occurs because of minute variations in lenses and mirrors, and because different parts of
the light spectrum are reflected or refracted by varying amounts.

ABERRATION also defined as an optical imperfection responsible for image distortion. It can be avoided
by combining several lenses and by elimination of marginal rays refracted through the outer edges of
the lens. Lenses or mirrors that are sections of spheres produce spherical aberrations.
Questions:
Why do lenses vary to each other?

Answer: To come from the point closer to originate objects makes into smaller or bigger than they
really are.