English Essay

Analytical Essay:
 Choose a point of view
 Introductory paragraph ending in a thesis statement
 Carefully organize body of essay
 Craft clear topic sentences
 Populate your essay with evidence.
 Write a clear conclusion summing up the essay discussion
Types of essays:
 Expository Essay:
Topics in which information based discussion is carried out with balanced analysis.
 Argumentative Essay (Like debate)
Topic which require candidates to take one stance and provide thesis arguments, counted by anti-thesis arguments, and providing synthesis to defend their thesis.
(comparison is compulsory what is my opinion about it and what other people think about it.)
 Abstract Essay:
Topics in which candidates provide their analysis and opinion on a variety of topics covering broad areas related to humanity at large.
Essay structure:
 Length: 1500-1600 words
 Time: 2 Hours
 Introduction
 Body paragraph
 Conclusion
Breakdown of essay paragraphs:
 Introduction: 180 words
 Body paragraph: 100 words
 12 body paragraphs (1200 words)
 Conclusion paragraph 120 words
 Total 14 paragraphs
PMS Introduction paragraph:
(150-180 words)
 Introduction paragraph is written in three parts.
 It looks like one single paragraph without any paragraph breaks.
 Significance of the topic/rationale of the issue (70 words) (Why this topic is important)
  Reflection of the outline central point (70 words)
 Thesis statement (40 words)
PMS Body paragraph structure: 100 words
1. Sentence-1: Topic sentence:
Introduce the topic of the paragraph without going into much detail.
2. Sentence-2: Significance of the (paragraph) Topic.
This sentence explains why this problem/issue is important (worthy of discussion)
3. Sentence-3. Supporting point 1:
Expands the scope of discussion
4. Sentence-4 Example 1:
Information/evidence to link the SP1 with reality.
5. Sentence-5 Supporting point 2:
Expands the scope of the discussion.
6. Sentence-6: Example 2:
Information to link the SP2 with reality.

Writing in detail

Outline
 An overview of whole essay
 A good outline is on 2 pages
 Provide a comprehensive image
 Divide into sections & headings
 Add arguments & sub arguments
 Two styles expository & argumentative
 Some headings are universal e.g. Introduction & conclusion.
 Example: Terrorism in Pakistan its causes & consequences (Expository)
 Expository essays contain primary headings like in this topic examiner asking
categorically causes & consequences.
 Some headings are non-essential & secondary which are not asked by
anyone if you not adding it you may not fail but if you add you will get extra
marks. Like in this topic measures are secondary.
 If essay is argumentative like IS GENDER EQUALITY A MYTH
 Primary headings are same
 Second heading would be its stance (Gender equality is a myth)
Introduction
 Introduction should be 10% of total essay
 Write a quotation, background, story (Introduce the topic)
 Inform the surrounding context (In argumentative essay you write thesis
anti-thesis and synthesis. In expository essay you write essential & non-essential)
 Route the essay to a final conclusion (Thesis statement)
Body Paragraph
 It is continuous statements
 Never leave line between two paragraphs
 A paragraph contains single argument not two.
 Each body paragraph has six requirements.
1. Topic sentence (It give reflection of whole paragraph It link
one paragraph with other)
2. Development/ Supporting sentences (It contains justification
which may be a quotation, observation or fact.)
3. Coherence/Connectivity (e.g. in conclusion we write to sum
up this word connects the conclusion with whole essay. In
argumentative essay when you write opponents stance you
write Unlike, whereas. So coherence create flow)
 Unity (It means one paragraph contain one information)
 Organization base on relevancy.

Transitional paragraph
A transitional paragraph is a paragraph in an essay, speech, composition, or
report that signals a shift from one section, idea, or approach to another.
Conclusion
 Essay Dimensions

S(Social) P(Political) E(Economic) C(Cultural) I(International/Global) E(Environmental) L(Legal and E(Ethical) Technology
Constitutional)
1. Education/Illiteracy 1. Political Power 1. Consumerism Cultural differences 1. Role of UN and 1. Opportunity Cost 1. Fundamental Human 1. Moral Code 1. Tech Base R&D
a. More Skilled 2. Political Will a. Abhijit Banerjee 1. Ideological Differences regional organizations a. Money and resources Rights of Conduct 2. Communication
labor and Talent a. Leadership (Nobel Prize 2. Inhabiting/Favoring 2. Defense (Individual tackling can be spent 2. Govt and 2. Importance 3. Transport
b. Democracy b. Vested Interests Winner) Change and Collective) anywhere else Agency Reports in developing 4. Affects Efficiency of
c. Economy 3. Security Conditions b. Empower by a. Cultural and Social a. Nuclearization and Arms Race 2. More restrictions credibility a. Politics
2. Poverty / a. Internal increasing Attitudes b. Arms Deal and Economy and strict policies i. E Governance
Unemployment b. Territorial purchasing power b. Rationality -> Cost vs Dependence (Both sides Def a. Difficult to implement ii. E Voting
a. Poor Economy Disputes parity Benefits dep on Ec and Ec dep on Def) b. Decrease ease of doing iii.Online Info
b. More crimes 4. Democracy and 2. Global Interests in 3. Propaganda and 3. Dependence vs Interdependence business (China Vs US)
c. Less education Good Governance other nations/actions directed change a. Dependence -> c. Increasing Competition
d. Poor living standards a. Public share in a. Resources Imperialism/Subservience of 3. Variable Vulnerability
e. Less Consumerism decisions b. Threats i. Political 4. Blame Game and
f. Opportunity Cost ( b. Transparency and neutralization ii. Economical Politicization of
3. Food and Accountability 3. Labor Cost iii.Social Situation
Water Security c. Equitable 4. Interest rates b. Interdependence ->
4. Class Conflict Environment 5. Global Economic Globalization
a. Social Class d. Public Welfare Growth 4. Cooperation Vs Competition
difference e. Responsiveness 6. Dependence on a. Political
b. Economic Disparity f. Local Govt foreign aid b. Economical
c. Sectarianism g. Free and Fair 7. Ease of c. Social
5. Age Map Justice Doing d. Infrastructural
(Demographics) 5. National Interests/ business 5. Dominance
a. More Youth Nationalism/ 8. Tax Collection 6. Proxy Wars
i. Higher Populism
Consumerism 6. Institutional
ii. More Labor availability and
iii.Greater social capacity
and cultural
change
b. More elders
i. Efforts to sustain
and take care of
them
ii. More resistant
to change
6. Xenocerntricism and
Ethnocentrism
7. Migration
8. Social Crimes
9. Gender Equality

PMS 2022 Essay

1. Man is born free but everywhere he is in chain.