Q1. What aspects of civilization were part of Sumerian society?

Sumerian society included many aspects of civilization such as a king and legal
codes, religious structure, city identity and government, varied crafts including
pottery, metalwork, and woven cloth, and the development of scientific
knowledge such as math and astronomy.

Q2. How did the geography of the Fertile Crescent affect the development of
civilization there?

The fertile soil of the Tigris-Euphrates Valley attracted Stone Age farmers, who
began to raise crops on the land.

Q3. What does mummification reveal about ancient Egyptian religious views?
Egyptians wanted to preserve the body for use in the afterlife because they
believed the afterlife would resemble life on Earth.

Q4. How did the Nile play an important role in uniting Egypt and allowing Egypt
to expand during the New Kingdom?
The Nile was a link between Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt as well as a trade route
with other regions. Pharaohs conquered Nubia and obtained gold and soldiers
from this region on the southern Nile.
Q5. How did the Hittites contribute to cultural diffusion on early Mesopotamian
culture and ideas, and what was one of their important technological
advancements?

They migrated and brought knowledge and skills to new lands. They were also
traders, which led to the diffusion of ideas. Hittite iron working had a large impact
on tools and weapons.

Q6. Explain how the Phoenicians spread ideas among different people in the
ancient Middle East?
Phoenicians spread ideas through trade as they traveled throughout the Middle
East and as far north as England.