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MSC

Ms. Judreka

Topic:

Is there such a thing known as a 'Just War'?

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Is there such a thing as a 'Just War'?

Introduction:
The notion of a "Just War" has been a topic of contemplation, from both ethical
standpoints, for centuries. It continuously raises the timeless question of
whether warfare can be justified. Advocates argue that certain criteria, such as
self-defense, proportionality and exhaustive exploration of alternatives can
potentially make a war just if it adheres strictly to principles. 'Just Wars ' should
also aim to minimize harm to civilians and pursue an achievable objective, like
putting an end to aggression or preventing crises.
However, critics raise concerns by highlighting the violence, destruction and
suffering that are intrinsic to war, making it difficult to link warfare with
principles of justice. In this article we will delve into how the concept of a "Just
War" has evolved over time and why it remains relevant in our world today.

Historical Perspective
Throughout history, the concept of 'just wars' and its moral justification have
recurred with notable frequency. This ongoing argument becomes clear when
we look at the reasons for wars in old texts like the Mahabharata and the Bible,
showing that it has been around for an exceedingly long time.
(1) According to Michael Walzer in 1977, the origins of the 'Just War' theory
can be traced back to the ancient Greeks and Romans, who established the
foundational principles that underpin the ethics of just warfare. One of these
principles underscores that war should only be waged when a just cause is at
stake and with the right intentions at its core.
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Just War Theory

The Just War Theory, offering a structured framework for evaluating the
morality of war, is closely intertwined with the concept of a "just war." This
theory posits that several prerequisites must be satisfied for a war to attain
moral justification. These prerequisites encompass having a just cause, the right
intention, suitability, and a reasonable probability of success.
(2) According to Brian Orend in 2005, the "just cause" principle emphasizes
that a war must be fought for a morally acceptable reason, such as self-defense
or the protection of innocent lives. In line with the concept of right intention, the
war's main objective should be restoring justice rather than pursuing personal
interests. Also, the requirement for a reasonable chance of success means the
war should have a practical likelihood of achieving its goals. Proportionality,
however, makes sure that the advantages gained from the war are greater than
the harm it causes.

Criticisms of the Just War Theory

Notwithstanding its historical endurance, the Just War Theory is far from
impervious to criticism. Many argue that the standards within the theory are
open to interpretation, making it difficult to classify any war as 'just'. (3) Jeff
McMahan in 2009 pointed to a crucial criticism, namely the theory's inadequate
treatment of non-combatant immunity. In Modern- day Wars, innocent civilians
often suffer, leading to serious concerns regarding the fairness and moral
legitimacy of war. Critics further contend that the criteria of just cause, and
right intention can be manipulated by those in positions of authority to align
with their narrative, potentially justifying wars that are, in truth, unjustified.

Pacifist Perspective
Conversely, pacifists advocate an absolutist stance against war, positing that
violence and war are never morally justifiable, regardless of the circumstances.
They ardently promote non-violent conflict resolution methods, such as
diplomacy and negotiation, as the exclusive morally acceptable approaches.
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(4) As articulated by Mahatma Gandhi in 1925, pacifism maintains that violence

perpetuates a cycle of hatred and suffering, contending that the path to genuine
justice is through peaceful means. According to pacifists, each human life holds
the same value, and using violence goes against the natural dignity and worth of
individuals.

Conclusion
The question of whether a ‘Just War’ can exist will remain to be asked by the
world. This question will continue to start ethical and moral reflections as each
person will have their own opinions and theories regarding this topic. The
concept has constantly evolved to include the advancement of international law.
It is important to be able to manage conflicts and disagreements in a way that
values justice and human rights.

Wars can be used in self-defense; however, the real victims of wars are the
citizens. The citizens who lose their family members, homes, and friends are the
victims, not the governments.
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References

(1) Walzer, M. (1977). Just and unjust wars: A moral argument with historical

illustrations. Basic Books.

(2) Orend, B. (2005). War. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

(3) McMahan, J. (2009). Killing in war. Oxford University Press.

(4) Gandhi, M. K. (1925). Non-violence and social change. Navajivan Publishing House.