Summary of ANSI standards for ASCII terminals Joe Smith, 18­May­84, With additions by Dennis German

These sequences are usually implemented in the terminal emulator in the system's BIOS (?) and are available in DOS, linux console and windows
command modes.
In *nix systems, termcap, terminfo and curses are involved in displaying character sequences.

In this document the symbol £ indicates sequences supported by £inux TERM=ansi

From the command line echo $'\e' outputs the ESC lead­in required by many ANSI terminal control strings.
Interesting ones include:
Double height line
Single width line
Double width line
132 characters per line
bright dim Colors, backgrounds underscore, blink
Single character communications codes and Form Characters ▒␉␌␍␊°±␤␋┘┐┌└╋­_­_­_┣┫┻┳
Set scrolling region
cursor addressing

1. Overview and Definitions

2. General rules for interpreting an ESCape Sequence
3. General rules for interpreting a Control Sequence
4. C0 and C1 control codes in numeric order
5. Two and three­character ESCape Sequences in numeric order
6. Control Sequences in numeric order
7. VT100 emulation requirements
8. Set Graphic Rendition
9. Character set selection sequences

It may be helpful to create a file containing only the ESCape character by:
echo ‐n $'\e' > ESC

. Then use it from the command line

cat ESC ; echo ‐n "[1m ‐‐warning: not network connection" ; cat ESC ;echo "[0m"

The VT100 USER GUIDE and ANSI standard X3.64­1979 both list the ANSI ESCape sequences in alphabetic order by mnemonic, but do not have a have
a cross reference in order by ASCII code. This document lists the combination of all definitions from the three ANSI standards in numeric order. For a
description of the advantages of using these standards, see the article "Toward Standardized Video Terminals" in the April­1984 issue of BYTE magazine.

ANSI X3.41­1974 introduces an 8­bit ASCII character set (C1 and G1 in addition to the existing C0 and G0). It describes how to use the 8­bit features in
a 7­bit environment. X3.41 defines the format of all ESCape sequences, but defines only the 3­character ones with a parameter character in the middle.
These instruct the terminal how to interpret the C0, G0, C1, and G1 characters (such as by selecting different character­set ROMs).

Note: NAPLPS does videotex graphics by redefining the C1 set and selecting alternate G0, G1, G2, and G3 sets. See the February 1983 issue of BYTE
magazine for details.

ANSI X3.4­1977 defines the 7­bit ASCII character set (C0 and G0). It was written in 1968, revised in 1977, and explains the decisions made in laying out
the ASCII code. In particular, it explains why ANSI chose to make ASCII incompatible with EBCDIC in order to make it self­consistant.

ANSI X3.64­1979 defines the remaining ESCape sequences. It defines all the C1 control characters, and specifies that certain two­character ESCape
sequences in the 7­bit environment are to act exactly like the 8­bit C1 control set. X3.64 introduces a Control­Sequence, which starts with CSI character,
has an indefinite length, and is terminated by an alphabetic character. The VT100 was one of the first terminals to implement this standard.

Definitions:

Control Character A single character with an ASCII code within the ranges: 000 to 037 and 200 to 237 octal, 00 ­ 1F and 80 ­ 9F hex.
Escape Sequence
2 or 3 character string staring with ␛ (Four or more character strings are allowed but not defined.)

Control Sequence
A string starting with CSI (233 octal, 9B hex) or with ␛ [ (Left­Bracket) and terminated by an alphabetic character.

Any number of parameter characters (digits 0 to 9, semicolon, and question mark) may appear within the Control
Sequence.
The terminating character may be preceded by an intermediate character (such as space).
£
Character classifications :

octal Hex
C0 Control 000­037 00­1F (G0 is 041­176 octal, 21­7E hex)
SPACE 040+240 20+A0 Always and everywhere a blank space
Intermediate 040­057 20­2F !"#$%&'()*+,‐./
Parameters 060­077 30­3F 0123456789:;<=>
Uppercase 100­137 40­5F @ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_
Lowercas 140­176 60­7E `abcdefghijlkmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~
Alphabetic 100­176 40­7E (all of upper and lower case)
Delete 177 7F Always and everywhere ignored
C1 Control 80­9F
␛
200­237

(lead in with ) 32 additional control characters

G1 Displayable 241­376 A1­FE 94 additional displayable characters

Special 240+377 A0+FF Same as SPACE and DELETE

Note that in this document, the terms uppercase, lowercase, and alphabetics include more characters than just A to Z.

General rules for interpreting an ESCape Sequence:

An ESCape Sequence starts with the ␛ character (033 octal, 1B hex).

The length of the ESCape Sequence depends on the character that immediately follows the ␛.

If the next character is:

C0 control Interpret the character, then resume processing the sequence.

Example: CR, LF, XON, and XOFF work as normal within an ESCape sequence.
Intermediate Expect zero or more intermediates, a parameter terminates
a private function, an alphabetic terminates a standard sequence.

Example: ␛ ( A defines standard character set, ␛ ( 0 a DEC set.

Parameter End of a private 2­character escape sequence.

Example: ␛ = sets special keypad mode, ESC > clears it.

Uppercase Translate it into a C1 control character and act on it.

Example: ␛ D does indexes down, ESC M indexes up. (CSI is special)

Lowercase End of a standard 2­character escape sequence.

Example: ␛ c resets the terminal.

Delete Ignore it, and continue interpreting the ESCape sequence

C1 and G1: Treat the same as their 7­bit counterparts

CSI is the two­character sequence ESC[ or the 8­bit C1 code of 233 octal, 9B hex.
CSI introduces a Control Sequence, which continues until an alphabetic character is received.
General rules for a Control Sequence:

1. starts with CSI, the Control Sequence Introducer.

2. contains any number of parameter characters (0123456789:;<=>?).
3. terminates with an alphabetic character.
4. Intermediate characters (if any) immediately precede the terminator.
If the first character after CSI is one of " < = > (074­077 octal, 3C­3F ), it is to be interpreted according to private standards (such as setting and
resetting modes not defined by ANSI).
The terminal should expect any number of numeric parameters, separated by semicolons (073 octal, 3B ).
Only after the terminating alphabetic character is received should the terminal act on the Control Sequence.

C0 set of 7­bit control characters (from ANSI X3.4­1977)

Oct Hex control Name * functions used in DEC VT series or LA series terminals

000 00 @ NUL * Null filler, terminal should ignore this character

001 01 A SOH Start of Header
002 02 B STX Start of Text, implied end of header
003 03 C ETX End of Text, causes some terminal to respond with ACK or NAK
004 04 D EOT End of Transmission
005 05 E ENQ * Enquiry, causes terminal to send ANSWER­BACK ID
006 06 F ACK Acknowledge, usually sent by terminal in response to ETX
007 07 G BEL * Bell, triggers the bell, buzzer, or beeper on the terminal
010 08 H BS * Backspace, can be used to define overstruck characters
011 09 I HT * Horizontal Tabulation, move to next predetermined position
012 0A J LF * Linefeed, move to same position on next line (see also NL)
013 0B K VT * Vertical Tabulation, move to next predetermined line
014 0C L FF * Form Feed, move to next form or page
015 0D M CR * Carriage Return, move to first character of current line
016 0E N SO * Shift Out, switch to G1 (other half of character set)
017 0F O SI * Shift In, switch to G0 (normal half of character set)
020 10 P DLE Data Link Escape, interpret next control character specially
021 11 Q XON * (DC1) Terminal is allowed to resume transmitting
022 12 R DC2 Device Control 2, causes ASR­33 to activate paper­tape reader
023 13 S XOFF * (DC2) Terminal must pause and refrain from transmitting
024 14 T DC4 Device Control 4, causes ASR­33 to deactivate paper­tape reader
025 15 U NAK Negative Acknowledge, used sometimes with ETX and ACK
026 16 V SYN Synchronous Idle, used to maintain timing in Sync communication
027 17 W ETB End of Transmission block
030 18 X CAN * Cancel (makes VT100 abort current escape sequence if any)
031 19 Y EM End of Medium
032 1A Z SUB * Substitute (VT100 uses this to display parity errors)
033 1B [ ESC * Prefix to an ESCape sequence
034 1C \ FS File Separator
035 1D ] GS Group Separator
036 1E ^ RS * Record Separator (sent by VT132 in block­transfer mode)
037 1F _ US Unit Separator
040 20 SP * Space (should never be defined to be otherwise)
177 7F DEL * Delete, should be ignored by terminal

C1 set of 8­bit control characters (from ANSI X3.64­1979)

Lead in with ␛
usual graphic

control t
e
x
Oct Hex t Name * * marks function used in DEC VT series or LA series terminals)
­­­ ­­ ­ ­­­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­
200 80 @ Reserved for future standardization
201 81 A Reserved
202 82 B Reserved
203 83 C Reserved

204 84 D IND * Index, moves down same column regardless of NL

205 85 E NEL * New Line, moves dowe one line and to first column (CR+LF)
206 86 F SSA Start of Selected Area to be sent to auxiliary output device
207 87 G ESA End
210 88 H HTS * Horizontal Tabulation Set at current position
211 89 I HTJ Horizontal Tab Justify, moves string to next tab position
212 8A J VTS Vertical Tabulation Set at current line
213 8B K PLD Partial Line Down (subscript)
214 8C L PLU Partial Line Up (superscript)
215 8D M RI * Reverse Index, go up one line, reverse scroll if necessary
216 8E N SS2 * Single Shift(i.e. next character) to G2 (i.e. alternate graphic rendition)
217 8F O SS3 * Single Shift to G3 (VT100 uses this for sending PF keys)
220 90 P DCS * Device Control String, terminated by ST (VT125 enters graphics)
221 91 Q PU1 Private Use 1
222 92 R PU2 Private Use 2
223 93 S STS Set Transmit State
224 94 T CCH Cancel CHaracter, ignore previous character
225 95 U MW Message Waiting, turns on an indicator on the terminal
226 96 V SPA Start of Protected Area
227 97 W EPA End " "
230 98 X SOS Reserved for for future standard (Start of string)
231 99 Y Reserved
232 9A Z * DECID
233 9B [ CSI * Control Sequence Introducer
234 9C \ ST * String Terminator (VT125 exits graphics)
235 9D ] OSC£ Operating System Command (reprograms intelligent terminal)
236 9E ^ PM Privacy Message (password verification), terminated by ST
237 9F _ APC Application Program Command (to word processor), term by ST

£
ESC]0;stringBEL ­­ Set icon name and window title to string
ESC]1;stringBEL ­­ Set icon name to string
ESC]2;stringBEL ­­ Set window title to string

Character set selection sequences

(from ANSI X3.41­1974)
All are 3 characters long (including the ESCape).
Alphabetic characters as 3rd character are defined by ANSI,
parameter characters as 3rd character may be interpreted differently by each terminal manufacturer.

t
e
x
Oct Hex t example x'1B2330' ESC #3 set DoubleHeight top half (send bottom half next)
­­­ ­­ ­­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­
040 20 ANNOUNCER ­ Determines whether to use 7­bit or 8­bit ASCII
A G0 only will be used. Ignore SI, SO, and G1. (Graphic characters)
B G0 and G1 used internally. SI and SO affect G0, Ignore G1
C G0 and G1 in an 8­bit only environment. Ignore SI and SO
D G0 and G1 are used, SI and SO affect G0.
E
F * 7­bit transmission, VT240/PRO350 sends CSI as two characters ESC [
G * 8­bit transmission, VT240/PRO350 sends CSI as single 8­bit character
L ANSI conformance level 1
M 2 dpANS x3.134.1
N 3
041 21 ! Select C0 control set (choice of 63 standard, 16 private)
042 22 " Select C1 control set (choice of 63 standard, 16 private)

043 23 # Translate next character to a special single character

#3 * DECDHL1 ­ Double height line, top half
#4 * DECDHL2 ­ Double height line, bottom half

echo $'\e'#3abcdefg; echo $'\e'#4abcdefg

abcdefg

#5 * DECSWL ­ Single width line

#6 * DECDWL ­ Double width line

echo $'\e'#5bcdefg;
echo $'\e'#6bcdefg;
abcdefg

#7 * DECHCP ­ Make a hardcopy of the graphics screen (GIGI,VT125,VT241)

 #8£* DECALN ­ Alignment display, fill screen with "E" to adjust focus EEEEE

044 24 $ MULTIBYTE CHARACTERS ­ Displayable characters require 2­bytes each

045 25 % SPECIAL INTERPRETATION ­ Such as 9­bit data

% Start sequence selecting character set (Linux)
% @ Select default (ISO 646 / ISO 8859­1)
% G Select UTF­8
% 8 Select UTF­8 (obsolete)
047 27 ' Reserved for future standardization
050 28 ( * SCS ­ Select G0 character set (choice of 63 standard, 16 private)
(0 * DEC VT100 line drawing set (affects lowercase characters)
(1 * DEC Alternate character ROM set (RAM set on GIGI and VT220)

▒␉␌␍␊°±␤␋┘┐┌└╋‐_‐_‐_┣┫┻┳
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0

(2 * DEC Alternate character ROM set with line drawing

(5 * DEC Finnish on LA100
(C * ISO Finnish on LA120
(6 * DEC Norwegian/Danish on LA100
(E * ISO Norwegian/Danish on LA120
(7 * DEC Swedish on LA100
(H * ISO Swedish on LA120
(9 * DEC French Canadian
(R * ISO French on LA100,LA120
(< * DEC supplemental graphics (everything not in USASCII)
(A * UKASCII (British pound sign)
(B * USASCII (American pound sign)
(K * ISO German on LA100,LA120
(Y * ISO Italian on LA100
(Z * ISO Spanish on LA100
(< * DEC supplementary char set VT200

Linux
( B Select default (ISO 8859­1 mapping)
( 0 Select VT100 graphics mapping
( U Select null mapping ­ straight to character ROM
( K Select user mapping ­ the map that is loaded by the utility mapscrn(8).

051 29 ) * SCS ­ Select G1 character set (choice of 63 standard, 16 private)

* (same character sets as listed under G0)
052 2A * * SCS ­ Select G2 character set
* (same character sets as listed under G0)
053 2B + * SCS ­ Select G3 character set
* (same character sets as listed under G0)
054 2C , SCS ­ Select G0 character set (additional 63+16 sets)
055 2D ­ SCS ­ Select G1 character set (additional 63+16 sets)
056 2E . SCS ­ Select G2 character set
057 2F / SCS ­ Select G3 character set

Private two­character escape sequences (allowed by ANSI X3.41­1974) These can be defined differently by each terminal manufacturer.

Oct Hex
‐‐‐ ­­ ­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­
060 30 0
061 31 1 DECGON ­ graphics on VT105, DECHTS horiz tab set for LA34/LA120
062 32 2 DECGOFF ­graphics off VT105, DECCAHT clear all horz tabs LA34/LA120
063 33 3 DECVTS ­ set vertical tab for LA34/LA120
064 34 4 DECCAVT ­ clear all vertical tabs for LA34/LA120
065 35 5 * DECXMT ­ Host requests that VT132 transmit as if ENTER were pressed
066 36 6 DECBI ­ back index
067 37 7 * DECSC ­ Save cursor position and character attributes
070 38 8 * DECRC ­ Restore cursor and attributes to previously saved position
071 39 9 DECFI ­ forwared index
072 3A :
073 3B ;
074 3C < * DECANSI ­ Switch from VT52 mode to VT100 mode
075 3D = * DECKPAM ­ Set keypad to applications mode (ESCape instead of digits)
076 3E > * DECKPNM ­ Set keypad to numeric mode (digits intead of ESCape seq)
077 3F ?

DCS Device Control Strings used by DEC terminals (ends with ST)
Pp Start ReGIS graphics (VT125, GIGI, VT240, PRO350)
Pq Start SIXEL graphics (screen dump to LA34, LA100, screen load to VT125)
Pr SET­UP data for GIGI, $PrVC0$\ disables both visible cursors.
Ps Reprogram keys on the GIGI, $P0sDIR<<CR>$\ makes keypad 0 send "DIR<CR>"
0­9=digits on keypad, 10=ENTER, 11=minus, 12=comma, 13=period,
14­17=PF1­PF4, 18­21=cursor keys. Enabled by $[?23h (PK1).
Pt Start VT105 graphics on a VT125

Standard two­character escape sequences (defined by ANSI X3.64­1979)

100 40 @ See description of C1 control characters
An ESCape followed by one of these uppercase characters is translated
to an 8­bit C1 control character before being interpreted.
133 5B [ CSI ­ Control Sequence Introducer

136 5E ] OSC (Linux be: Operating system command)

␛ ]P nrrggbb: set palette, with parameter given in 7 hex digits

n is the color (0­15), and rrggbb indicates the red/green/blue values (0­255).
 ␛ ]R: reset palette
137 5F _ See description of C1 control characters
220 90 P DCS ­ Device Control String, terminated by ST ­ see table above.

Indepenent control functions (from Appendix E of X3.64­1977).

These four controls have the same meaning regardless of the current definition of the C0 and C1 control sets.
Each control is a two­character ESCape sequence, the 2nd is lowercase.

Oct Hex * (* marks function used in DEC VT series or LA series terminals)

­­­ ­­ ­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­
140 60 ` DMI ­ Disable Manual Input
141 61 a INT ­ INTerrupt the terminal and do special action
142 62 b EMI ­ Enable Manual Input
143 63 c * RIS ­ Reset to Initial State (VT100 does a power­on reset)
... The remaining lowercase characters are reserved by ANSI.
153 6B k NAPLPS lock­shift G1 to GR
154 6C l NAPLPS lock­shift G2 to GR
155 6D m NAPLPS lock­shift G3 to GR
156 6E n * LS2 ­ Shift G2 to GL (extension of SI) VT240,NAPLPS
157 6F o * LS3 ­ Shift G3 to GL (extension of SO) VT240,NAPLPS
... The remaining lowercase characters are reserved by ANSI.
174 7C | * LS3R ­ lock­shift G3 to GR VT240
175 7D } * LS2R ­ lock­shift G2 to GR VT240
176 7E ~ * LS1R ­ lock­shift G1 to GR VT240

Control Sequences (defined by ANSI X3.64­1979)

Started by ESC[ (CSI, 1B 5B) and terminated by an alphabetic character (100 to 176 octal, 40 to 7E hex).
Intermediate characters are space through / (40 to 57 octal, 20 to 2F hex)
Parameter characters are 0 ? (60 to 77 octal, 30 to 3F hex, including digits and semicolon).
Parameters consist of zero or more decimal numbers separated by semicolons.
Leading zeros are optional, leading blanks are not allowed.
If no digits precede the final character, the default parameter is used.
Many functions treat a parameter of 0 as if it were 1.
*nix shell command: echo $'\e' can be used as the ESC lead­in required by many ANSI terminal control

>
Oct Hex
100 40 @ ICH Insert CHaracter [10@ Make room for 10 characters at current position
101 41 A CUU CUrsor Up * £ [A move up one line, stop at top of screen, [9A = move up 9
102 42 B CUD CUrsor Down * £ [B move down one line, stop at bottom of screen
103 43 C CUF CUrsor Forward * £ [C move forward one position, stop at right edge of screen
104 44 D CUB CUrsor Backward * £ [D Same as BackSpace, stop at left edge of screen
105 45 E CNL Cursor to Next Line £ [5E move to first position of 5th line down
106 46 F CPL Cursor to Previous Line £ [5F move to first position of 5th line previous
107 47 G CHA Cursor Horizontal position Absolute £ [40G move to column 40 of current line
110 48 H CUP CUrsor Position * £ [H Home, [24;80H = Row 24, Column 80
111 49 I CHT Cursor Horizontal Tabulation [I as HT (Control­I)not linux, [3I = Go forward 3 tabs
112 4A J ED erase in Display (cursor does not move)* £ [J [0J = erase from current position to end (inclusive)
[1J erase from beginning to current position (inclusive)
[2J erase entire display
[3J ~erase whole display including scroll­back buffer(Linux)
[?0J Selective erase in display ([?1J, [?2J similar)
113 4B K EL ‐ erase in Line (cursor does not move ) * £
[K [0K = erase from current position to end (inclusive)
[1K erase from beginning to current position
[2K erase entire current line
[?0K Selective erase to end of line ([?1K, [?2K similar)

114 4C L * IL Insert Line, current line move s down (VT102 series)£ [3L Insert 3 lines if currently in scrolling region
115 4D M * DL Delete Line, lines below current move up (VT102 series)£ [2M Delete 2 lines if currently in scrolling region
116 4E N EF erase in Field [0N, [1N, [2N act like [L but within currend field
(as bounded by protected fields)
117 4F O EA erase in qualified Area (defined by DAQ) [0O, [1O, [2O act like [J but within current area
120 50 P * DCH Delete Character, from current position to end of field [4P Delete 4 characters, VT102 series
121 51 Q SEM Set Editing extent Mode (limits ICH & DCH) [0Q [Q = Insert/delete character affects rest of display
[1Q ICH/DCH affect the current line only
[2Q ICH/DCH affect current field (between tab stops) only
[3Q ICH/DCH affect qualified area (between protected fields)
122 52 R * CPR Cursor Position Report (from terminal to host) * [24;80R Cursor is positioned at line 24 column 80
123 53 S SU Scroll up, [3S move everything up 3 lines, bring in 3 new lines
entire display is move d up, new lines at bottom
124 54 T SD Scroll down, [4T Scroll down 4, bring previous lines back into view
new lines inserted at top of screen
125 55 U NP Next Page [2U Scroll forward 2 pages
(if terminal has more than 1 page of memory)
126 56 V PP Previous Page [1V Scroll backward 1 page
(if terminal remembers lines scrolled off top)
127 57 W CTC Cursor Tabulation Control [0W Set horizontal tab for current line at current position
[1W Set vertical tab stop for current line of current page
[2W Clear horiz tab stop at current position of current line
[3W Clear vert tab stop at current line of current page
[4W Clear all horiz tab stops on current line only
[5W Clear all horiz tab stops for the entire terminal
[6W Clear all vert tabs stops for the entire terminal
130 58 X ECH erase CHaracter [4X Change next 4 characters to "erased" state
131 59 Y CVT Cursor Vertical Tab [2Y move forward to 2nd following vertical tab stop
132 5A Z CBT Cursor Back Tab [3Z move backwards to 3rd previous horizontal tab stop
133 5B [ Reserved for future standardization
134 5C \ Reserved
134 5C \ Reserved
135 5D ] Reserved
136 5E ^ Reserved
137 5F _ Reserved
140 60 ` * HPA Horizontal Position Absolute (depends on PUM) [720` move to 720 decipoints (1 inch) from left margin
[80` move to column 80 on LA120

141 61 a * HPR Horizontal Position Relative(depends on PUM) [360a move 360 decipoints (1/2 inch) from current position
[40a move 40 columns to right of current position on LA120
142 62 b REP REPeat previous displayable character [80b Repeat character 80 times

143 63 c * DA Device Attributes

[c Terminal will identify itself (Does not prevent disconnect!)

linux ansi reports 6c

[?1;2c Terminal is saying it is a VT100 with AVO
[>0c Secondary DA request (distinguishes VT240 from VT220)

144 64 d * VPA Vertical Position Absolute(depends on PUM) [90d move to 90 decipoints (1/8 inch) from top margin
[10d move to line 10 if before that else line 10 next page
145 65 e * VPR Vertical Position Relative(depends on PUM) [720e move 720 decipoints (1 inch) down from current position
[6e Advance 6 lines forward on LA120
146 66 f * HVP Horizontal and Vertical Position(depends on PUM) [720,1440f move to 1 inch down and 2 inches over (decipoints)
[24;80f move to row 24 column 80 if PUM is set to character
147 67 g * TBC ‐ Tabulation Clear [0g Clear horizontal tab stop at current position
[1g Clear vertical tab stop at current line (LA120)
[2g Clear all horizontal tab stops on current line only LA120
[3g Clear all horizontal tab stops in the terminal

150 68 h * SM ‐ Set Mode ( l 154 6C l * RM Reset Mode ( h is Set Mode)

[0h Error, ignored
[1h GATM Guarded Area Transmit Mode, send all (VT132) [1i Transmit only unprotected characters (VT132) GATM
[2h KAM Keyboard Action Mode, disable keyboard input [2i Enable input from keyboard KAM
[3h CRM Control Representation Mode, show all control chars [3i Control characters are not displayable characters CRM
[4h IRM Insertion/Replacement Mode, set insert mode (VT102) [4i Reset to replacement mode (VT102) IRM
[5h SRTM Status Report Transfer Mode, report after DCS [5i Report only on command (DSR) SRTM
[6h ERM ERasure Mode, erase protected and unprotected [6i erase only unprotected fields ERM
[7h VEM Vertical Editing Mode, IL/DL affect previous lines [7i IL/DL affect lines after current line VEM
[8h reserved [8i reserved
[9h reserved [9i reserved
[10h HEM Horizontal Editing mode, ICH/DCH/IRM go backwards [10i ICH and IRM shove characters forward, DCH pulls HEM
[11h PUM Positioning Unit Mode, use decipoints for HVP/etc [11i Use character positions for HPA/HPR/VPA/VPR/HVP PUM
[12h SRM Send Receive Mode, transmit without local echo [12i Local echo ­ input from keyboard sent to screen SRM
[13h FEAM Format Effector Action Mode, FE's are stored [13i HPA/VPA/SGR/etc are acted upon when received FEAM
[14h FETM Format Effector Transfer Mode, send only if stored [14i Format Effectors are sent to the printer FETM
[15h MATM Multiple Area Transfer Mode, send all areas [15i Send only current area if SATM is reset MATM
[16h TTM Transmit Termination Mode, send scrolling region [16i Transmit partial page, up to cursor position TTM
[17h SATM Send Area Transmit Mode, send entire buffer [17i Transmit areas bounded by SSA/ESA/DAQ SATM
[18h TSM Tabulation Stop Mode, lines are independent [18i Setting a tab stop on one line affects all lines TSM
[19h EBM Editing Boundry Mode, all of memory affected [19i Insert does not overflow to next page EBM
[20h LNM Linefeed Newline Mode, LF interpreted as CR LF [20i Linefeed does not change horizontal position LNM

[?1h DECCKM Cursor Keys Mode, send ESC O A for cursor up [?1i Cursor keys send ANSI cursor position commands DECCKM
[?2h DECANM ANSI Mode, use ESC < to switch VT52 to ANSI [?2i Use VT52 emulation instead of ANSI mode DECANM
[?3h DECCOLM COLumn mode, 132 characters per line [?3i 80 characters per line (erases screen) DECCOLM
[?4h DECSCLM SCrolL Mode, smooth scrolling [?4i Jump scrolling DECSCLM
[?5h DECSCNM SCreeN Mode, white on black background [?5i black on white background) DEC SCNM
[?6h DECOM Origin Mode, line 1 is relative to scroll region [?6i Line numbers are independent of scrolling region DECOM
[?7h DECAWM AutoWrap Mode, start newline after column 80 [?7i Cursor remains at end of line after column 80 DECAWM
[?8h DECARM Auto Repeat Mode, key will autorepeat [?8i Keys do not repeat when held down DECARM
[?9h DECINLM INterLace Mode, interlaced for taking photos [?9i Display is not interlaced to avoid flicker DECINLM
[?10h DECEDM EDit Mode, VT132 is in EDIT mode [?10i VT132 transmits all key presses DECEDM
[?11h DECLTM Line Transmit Mode, ignore TTM, send line [?11i Send page or partial page depending on TTM DECLTM
[?12h ? [?12i
[?13h DECSCFDM Space Compression/Field Delimiting on, [?13i Don't suppress trailing spaces on transmit DECSCFDN
[?14h DECTEM Transmit Execution Mode, transmit on ENTER [?14i ENTER sends ESC S (STS) a request to send DECTEM
[?15h ? [?15i
[?16h DECEKEM Edit Key Execution Mode, EDIT key is local [?16i EDIT key transmits either $[10h or $[10l DECEKEM
[?17h ? [?17i
[?18h DECPFF Print FormFeed mode, send FF after printscreen [?18i Don't send a formfeed after printing screen DECPFF
[?19h DECPEXT Print Extent mode, print entire screen [?19i Print only the lines within the scroll region DECPEXT
[?20h OV1 Overstrike, overlay characters on GIGI [?20i OV0 Space is destructive, replace not overstrike, GIGI OV0
[?21h BA1 Local BASIC, GIGI to keyboard and screen [?21i BA0 No BASIC, GIGI is On­Line or Local BA0
[?22h BA2 Host BASIC, GIGI to host computer [?22i BA0 No BASIC, GIGI is On­Line or Local BA0
[?23h PK1 GIGI numeric keypad sends reprogrammable sequences [?23i PK0 Ignore reprogramming on GIGI keypad and curso PK0rs
[?24h AH1 Autohardcopy before erasing or rolling GIGI screen [?24i AH0 No auto­hardcopy when GIGI screen erased AH0
[?25h ??? show cursor [?25i ??? hide cursor
[?29h‐ Use only the proper pitch for the LA100 font [?29i Allow all character pitches on the LA100
[?38h DECTEK TEKtronix mode graphics [?38i Ignore TEKtronix graphics commands

[?1004h focus notify enable [?1004h focus notify disable

(causes mac os terminal to "alert" when gaining/loosing focus)
151 69 i * MC ‐> Media Copy
(printer port on VT102) [0i Send contents of text screen to printer
[1i Fill screen from auxiliary input (printer's keyboard)
[2i Send screen to secondary output device
[3i Fill screen from secondary input device
[4i Turn on copying received data to primary output (VT125)
[4i Received data goes to VT102 screen, not to its printer
[5i Turn off copying received data to primary output (VT125)
[5i Received data goes to VT102's printer, not its screen
[6i Turn off copying received data to secondary output (VT125)
[7i Turn on copying received data to secondary output (VT125)
[?0i Graphics screen dump goes to graphics printer VT125,VT240
[?1i Print cursor line, terminated by CR LF
[?2i Graphics screen dump goes to host computer VT125,VT240
[?4i Disable auto print
[?5i Auto print, send a line at a time when linefeed received
152 6A j PageFormatSelect sysworks.biz DEC book
[0j Portrait Normal text N. American letter No
[1j Landscape Normal text N. American letter No
[2j Portrait Normal A4 No
[3j Landscape Normal A4 No
[4j Portrait Normal N. American letter No
[5j Landscape Normal N. American letter No
[6j Portrait Extended A4 No
[7j Landscape Extended A4 No
[8j Portrait Extended Legal No
[9j Landscape Extended Legal No
[?20j Portrait Extended N. American letter Yes
[?21j Landscape Extended N. American letter Yes
[?22j Portrait Extended A4 Yes
[?23j Landscape Extended A4 Yes
[?24j Portrait Extended Legal Yes
[?25j Landscape Extended Legal Yes
[?26j Portrait Extended B Yes
[?27j Landscape Extended B Yes

Normal sets PageHome 1/2 inch below top margin and

PageEnd 5/6 inch above bottom margin

Extended PageHome at top margin

PageEnd at bottom margin
text format printable area is 3/10 in. (2160
centipoints) narrower than normal N. American letter format

153 6B k Reserved for future standardization

154 6C l * RM Reset Mode (. means permanently reset on VT100)

See Set Mode [xh

Change a section of outout(from log to end of line) to bold: |sed ­­unbuffered "s/log/&$\x1b[1m/; s/$/'\x1b[0m/"

* [0m Clear all special attributes

155 6D m * SGR Set Graphics Rendition
(affects character attributes) * [1m Bold or increased intensity
* [22m Cancel bold or dim attribute only (VT220)
* [2m Dim or secondary color on GIGI (superscript on XXXXXX)
[3m Italic (subscript on XXXXXX)
* [4m Underscore, '\e[0;4m' = Clear, then set underline only
* [24m Cancel underline attribute only (VT220)
* [5m Slow blink
* [25m Cancel fast or slow blink attribute only (VT220)
[6m Fast blink (overscore on XXXXXX)
* '\e[7m' Negative image, '\e[0;1;7m' = Bold + Inverse
* [27m Cancel negative image attribute only (VT220)
[8m Concealed (do not display character echoed locally)
[9m Reserved for future standardization
* [10m Select primary font (LA100)
* [11m ­ Selete alternate font (LA100 has 11 thru 14)
[19m
[20m FRAKTUR 26 characters include β, umlauts...
­foreground­ ­background­
* [30m black, [40m black (GIGI)
* [31m red, [41m red
* [32m green, [42m green
* [33m yellow, [43m yellow
* [34m blue, [44m blue
* [35m magenta, [45m magenta
* [36m cyan, [46m cyan
* [37m white, [47m Set background to white

[38m, [39m, [48m, [49m are reserved

156 6E n * DSR Device Status Report

* [0n Terminal is ready, no malfunctions detected
[1n Terminal is busy, retry later
[2n Terminal is busy, it will send DSR when ready
* [3n Malfunction, please try again
[4n Malfunction, terminal will send DSR when ready
* [5n Command to terminal to report its status
* [6n Command to terminal requesting cursor position (CPR)
* [?15n Command to terminal requesting printer status, returns
[?10n OK,
[?11n = not OK,
[?13n = no printer.
 * [?25n "Are User Defined Keys Locked?" (VT220)

157 6F o DAQ ‐ Define Area Qualification

starting at current position [0o Accept all input, transmit on request
[1o Protected and guarded, accept no input, do not transmit
[2o Accept any printing character in this field
[3o Numeric only field
[4o Alphabetic (A­Z and a­z) only
[5o Right justify in area
[3;6o Zero fill in area
[7o Set horizontal tab stop, this is the start of the field
[8o Protected and unguarded, accept no input, do transmit
[9o Space fill in area

Private Control Sequences (allowed by ANSI X3.41­1974).

160 70 p DECSTR ­ Soft Terminal Reset [!p

161 71 q DECLL ­ Load LEDs [0 q Turn off all, [1;4q turns on L1 and L4,
(Linux supports L1 as scroll lock, L2 NumLock, L3 as Caps lock , )
[154;155;157q VT100 goes bonkers
[2;23!q Partial screen dump from GIGI to graphics printer
[0"q DECSCA Select Character Attributes off
[1"q DECSCA ­ designate set as non­erasable
[2"q DECSCA ­ designate set as erasable

see vim.wikia.com/wiki/Configuring_the_cursor
.­ don't omit space
[0 q blinking block
[1 q blinking block
[2 q solid block
[3 q blinking underscore
[4 q solid underscore
[5 q blinking vertile
[6 q solid verticle

162 72 r DECSTBM top and bottom margins (scroll region on VT100) [4;20r top margin at line 4 and bottom at line 20

163 73 s DECSTRM left and right margins on LA100,LA120 [5;130s left margin at column 5 and right at column 130

164 74 t DECSLPP physical lines per page [66t Paper has 66 lines (11 inches at 6 per inch)

GUI window position & size

$'\e[1t' Restore $'\e[2t' Minimize $'\e[9;1t' Maximize

$'\e[3;0;0t' window to Home (top, left(i.e. 0;0))
$'\e[5t' bring to Foreground
$'\e[8;hh;wwt' set window size

mac book pro: font:Andale mono 14: max width is width of screen i.e. 158.
mac os keysrokes:
Increase font size: ⌘+ When the window reaches the screen size, reduces columns
Reduce font size ⌘­ which permits more rows and columns.
Restore ⌘0 but does NOT restore columns!

165 75 u DECSHTS many horizontal tab stops at once on LA100 [9;17;25;33;41;49;57;65;73;81u standard tab stops

166 76 v DECSVTS many vertical tab stops at once on LA100 [1;16;31;45v vert tabs every 15 lines

167 77 w DECSHORP horizontal pitch on LAxxx printers [1w 10 characters per inch, [2w = 12 characters per inch
[0w=10, [3w=13.2, [4w=16.5, [5w=5, [6w=6, [7w=6.6, [8w=8.25
170 78 x DECREQTPARM Request terminal parameters [3;5;2;64;64;1;0x Report, 7 bit Even, 1200 baud, 1200 baud

171 79 y DECTST Invoke confidence test [2;1y Power­up test on VT100 series (and VT100 part of VT125)
[3;1y Power­up test on GIGI (VK100)
[4;1y Power­up test on graphics portion of VT125
172 7A z DECVERP Set vertical pitch on LA100 [1z 6 lines per inch, [2z = 8 lines per inch
[0z=6, [3z=12, [4z=3, [5z=3, [6z=4
173 7B { Private
174 7C | DECTTC Transmit Termination Character [0| No extra characters, [1| = terminate with FF

175 7D } DECPRO Define protected field on VT132 [0} No protection, [1;4;5;7} = Any attribute is protected
[254} Characters with no attributes are protected
176 7E ~ DECKEYS Sent by special function keys [1~=FIND, [2~=INSERT, [3~=REmove, [4~=SELECT, [5~=PREV, [6~=NEXT
[11~=F1… [17~=F6…[34~=F20 ([23~=ESC,[24~=BS,[25~=LF,[28~=HELP,[29~=DO)
177 7F DELETE is always ignored

Control Sequences with intermediate characters (from ANSI X3.64­1979).

Note that there is a SPACE character before the terminating alphabetic.
Oct Hex
­­­ ­­ ­ ­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­
100 40 @ SL ­ Scroll Left
 [4 @ move everything over 4 columns, 4 new columns at right
101 41 A SR ­ Scroll Right
[2 A move everything over 2 columns, 2 new columns at left
102 42 B GSM ­ Graphic Size Modification
[110;50 B Make 110% high, 50% wide
103 43 C GSS ­ Graphic Size Selection
[120 C Make characters 120 decipoints (1/6 inch) high
104 44 D FNT ­ FoNT selection (used by SGR, [10m thru [19m)
[0;23 D Make primary font be registered font #23
105 45 E TSS ­ Thin Space Specification
[36 E Define a thin space to be 36 decipoints (1/20 inch)
106 46 F JFY ­ JustiFY, done by the terminal/printer
[0 F No justification
[1 F Fill, bringing words up from next line if necessary
[2 F Interword spacing, adjust spaces between words
[3 F Letter spacing, adjust width of each letter
[4 F Use hyphenation
[5 F Flush left margin
[6 F Center following text between margins (until [0 E)
[7 F Flush right margin
[8 F Italian form (underscore instead of hyphen)
107 47 G SPI ­ SPacing Increment (in decipoints)
[120;72 G 6 per inch vertical, 10 per inch horizontal
110 48 H QUAD­ Do quadding on current line of text (typography)
[0 H Flush left, [1 H Flush left and fill with leader
[2 H Center, [3 H Center and fill with leader
[4 H Flush right, [5 H Flush right and fill with leader
111 49 I Reserved for future standardization

157 67 o Reserved for future standardization

16070 p Private use

..71­7D. May be defined by the printer manufacturer

176 7E ~ Private use

177 7F DELETE is always ignored

Minimum requirements for VT100 emulation:

1. To act as a passive display, implement the 4 cursor commands, the 2 erase commands, direct cursor addressing, and at least inverse
characters.
The software should be capable of handling strings with 16 numeric parameters with values in the range of 0 to 255.

[A move cursor up one row, stop if a top of screen

[B move cursor down one row, stop if at bottom of screen
[C move cursor forward one column, stop if at right edge of screen
[D move cursor backward one column, stop if at left edge of screen
[H Home to row 1 column 1 (also [1;1H)
[J Clear from current position to bottom of screen
[K Clear from current position to end of line
[24;80H Position to line 24 column 80 (any line 1 to 24, any column 1 to 132)
[0m Clear attributes to normal characters
[7m Add the inverse video attribute to succeeding characters
[0;7m Set character attributes to inverse video only

2. To enter data in VT100 mode, implement the 4 cursor keys and the 4 PF keys.
It must be possible to enter ESC, TAB, BS, DEL, and LF from the keyboard.
[A Sent by the up­cursor key (alternately ESC O A)
[B Sent by the down­cursor key (alternately ESC O B)
[C Sent by the right­cursor key (alternately ESC O C)
[D Sent by the left­cursor key (alternately ESC O D)
OP PF1 key sends ESC O P
OQ PF2 key sends ESC O Q
OR PF3 key sends ESC O R
OS PF3 key sends ESC O S
[c Request for the terminal to identify itself
[?1;0c VT100 with memory for 24 by 80, inverse video character attribute
[?1;2c VT100 capable of 132 column mode, with bold+blink+underline+inverse

3. When doing full­screen editing on a VT100, implement directed erase, the numeric keypad in applications mode, and
the limited scrolling region.
The latter is needed to do insert/delete line functions without rewriting the screen.
[0J erase from current position to bottom of screen inclusive
[1J erase from top of screen to current position inclusive
[2J erase entire screen (without moving the cursor)
[0K erase from current position to end of line inclusive
[1K erase from beginning of line to current position inclusive
[2K erase entire line (without moving cursor)

£ [12;24r Set scrolling region to lines 12 thru 24. If a linefeed or an

INDex is received while on line 24, the former line 12 is deleted
and rows 13­24 move up. If a RI (reverse Index) is received while
on line 12, a blank line is inserted there as rows 12­13 move down.
All VT100 compatible terminals (except GIGI) have this feature.
ESC Set numeric keypad to applications mode
ESC > Set numeric keypad to numbers mode
OA Up­cursor key sends ESC O A after ESC ESC [ ? 1 h
OB Down­cursor key sends ESC O B " " "
OC Right­cursor key sends ESC O B " " "
OB Left­cursor key sends ESC O B " " "
OM ENTER key sends ESC O M after ESC =
Ol COMMA on keypad sends ESC O l " " (that's lowercase L)
 Om MINUS on keypad sends ESC O m " "
Op ZERO on keypad sends ESC O p " "
Oq ONE on keypad sends ESC O q " "
Or TWO on keypad sends ESC O r " "
Os THREE on keypad sends ESC O s " "
Ot FOUR on keypad sends ESC O t " "
Ou FIVE on keypad sends ESC O u " "
Ov SIX on keypad sends ESC O v " "
Ow SEVEN on keypad sends ESC O w " "
Ox EIGHT on keypad sends ESC O x " "
Oy NINE on keypad sends ESC O y " "

4. If the hardware is capable of double width/double height:

#3 Top half of a double­width double­height line
#4 Bottom half of a double­width double­height line
#5 Make line single­width (lines are set this way when cleared by ESC [ J)
#6 Make line double­width normal height (40 or 66 characters)

5. If the terminal emulator is capable of insert/delete characters, insert/delete lines, insert/replace mode, and
can do a full­screen dump to the printer (in text mode), then it should identify itself as a VT102

[c Request for the terminal to identify itself

[?6c VT102 (printer port, 132 column mode, and ins/del standard)
[1@ Insert a blank character position (shift line to the right)
[1P Delete a character position (shift line to the left)
[1L Insert blank line at current row (shift screen down)
[1M Delete the current line (shift screen up)
[4h Set insert mode, new characters shove existing ones to the right
[4l Reset insert mode, new characters replace existing ones
[0i Print screen (all 24 lines) to the printer
[4i All received data goes to the printer (nothing to the screen)
[5i All received data goes to the screen (nothing to the printer)

see XTerm Control Sequences

See also
Console Codes linux Man page

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