Stack and related Instructions in

8085 Microprocessor (CS-208)

BY:- BALDEV RAM MALI

LECTURER- COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING,
GOVT. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, JODHPUR ( RAJ. )
 Stack in 8085 Microprocessor
• The stack is a set of memory locations in RAM and
used to store information temporarily during
execution of program.
• The stack is Last In First Out ( LIFO) structure.
• The beginning of the stack (also known as Top of
Stack) defined in main program using LXI SP, 16-bit
memory address instruction which loads 16-bit
memory address in stack pointer (SP) register.
• Once Top of Stack is defined, information cab be
added / removed only to/ from Top of Stack .
• In stack information can be added using PUSH
instruction and removed using POP instruction.
• The stack grows upward in the decreasing
order of memory addresses. Therefore Stack
Pointer (SP) is initialized with highest available
memory address of free memory space in
order to prevent program being destroyed by
stack information.
• The size of stack is limited only by available
memory space.
• The microprocessor itself stores memory
address in Program Counter (PC) in stack
when a subroutine is called.
 Stack related instructions
• In 8085 microprocessor, the stack related
instructions are – LXI SP, PUSH, POP, and XTHL
etc. All these instructions do not modify any
flags. These instructions are described in
following table:
Mnemonics Operands Description
LXI SP, 16-bit Loads 16-bit memory address in
memory Stack Pointer (SP) register, in order
address to define Top Of Stack(TOS).
Three byte instruction and
Immediate Addressing mode.
Mnemonics Operands Description
PUSH Rp or PSW Store register pair / Program Status
Word on Stack. PSW consists of
Accumulator and Flag register.
This is one byte instruction and Register
Indirect Addressing mode.
Copies contents of specified register
pair or PSW on stack in following steps:
• Decrement Stack Pointer (SP) by one.
• Copy contents of high order register
into memory location pointed by SP.
• Now again decrement Stack Pointer
(SP) by one.
• Finally copy contents of low order
register into memory location pointed
by SP.
Mnemonics Operands Description
POP Rp or PSW Pop off stack into register pair /
Program Status Word.
This is one byte instruction and Register
Indirect Addressing mode.
Copies contents of top two memory
locations of stack into specified register
pair or PSW in following steps:
• Copy contents of memory location
pointed by SP into low order register of
register pair or PSW.
• Increment Stack Pointer (SP) by one.
• Now copy contents of memory
location pointed by SP into high order
register of register pair or PSW.
• Finally again increment Stack Pointer
(SP) by one.
Mnemo Operands Description
nics
XTHL Exchange register pair HL with Top of Stack
: One byte instruction.
• The contents of register L are exchanged
with top location of stack pointed by SP.
• The contents of register H are exchanged
with next location of stack pointed by
(SP+1).
• The contents of SP not changed.