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 LIST OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR USES

LIST OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR USES

SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS is used for indicating, measuring and recording physical quantities. Here we have give all the details
about scientific instruments and their uses below. It will be helpfull for your Competetive Examinations.

Scientific Insruments Uses Inventors

An instrument used in aircrafts

Altimeter
for measuring altitudes
French physicist Louis Paul Cailletet
Ammeter Measures electric current Friedrich Drexler
Used to measure the speed,
Anemometer direction and pressure of the
wind. Leon Battista Alberti
Georg von Békésy (1899-1972; winner of the
Audiometer Measures intensity of sound Nobel Prize), a Hungarian-American
physicist.
Continuous recording of
Barograph
atmospheric pressure Frenchman Lucien Vidi
Measures atmospheric pressure
Barometer
and conditions. Evangelista Torricelli
An optical instrument used for
Binoculars
magnified view of distant objects. J. P. Lemiere
Bolometer Measures infra-red (Heat) Samuel Pierpont Langley

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 LIST OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR USES

radiation.
Measures diameters of thin
Callipers
cylinder/wire. Pierre Vernier
Calorimeter Measures quantity of heat Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon

Used for charging air with petrol The first carburetor was invented by Samuel
Carburettor vapours in an internal combustion Morey in 1826. Later, Enrico
engine. Bernardi developed another carburetor at the
University of Padua in 1882
Traces movements of the heart ,
Cardiogram(ECG)
recorded on a Cardiograph Willem Einthoven
Cathetometer Determines heights and levels
French physicists P. Dulong and A. Petit(1816)
Determines longitude of a vessel at
Chronometer
sea. John Harrison
Used for projecting pictures on
Cinematograph
the screen. Auguste Lumière
Colorimeter Compares intensity of colours John T. Stock
Used in generators to reverse the
Commutator
direction of electric current. British scientist William Sturgeon in 1832
Used for measuring growth in
Crescograph
plants. Jagadish Chandra Bose
Cryometer Measurement of low temperature.
Used for accelerating charged
Cyclotron
particles in microwave oscillator Ernest Lawrence
Measures change in volume of Abbe and Fizeau in the second half of 19th
Dilatometer
substances century

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 LIST OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR USES

Coverts mechanical energy into

Dynamo
electrical energy Michael Faraday
Measures very small but potential
Electrometer
difference in electric currents William Snow Harris
Used for measuring electrical
Electrometer
potential difference.
Detects presence of an electric
Electroscope
Charge William Gilbert
Used to obtain a magnifying view
Electron microscope of very small objects (20,000
times). Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska
To examine internal parts of the
Endoscope
body Bozzini
Fathometer Measures depth of the ocean
Herbert Grove Dorsey (April 24, 1876 – 1961)
Fluxmeter Measures magnetic flux Muller Martin
Galvanometer Measures electric current Johann Schweigger
Used to reproducing recorded French inventor Édouard-Léon Scott de
Gramophone
sound. Martinville
Measures the relative density of
Hydrometer
liquids William Nicholson
Hydrophone Measure sound under water Reginald Fessenden
Used to measure the moisture
Hygrometer content or the humidity of air or
any gas. Horace Bénédict de Saussure
Shows the changes in atmospheric
Hygroscope
humidity Robert Hooke

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 LIST OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR USES

Determines boiling point of

Hypsometer
liquids. Wayne R Norman
Measures the relative density of
Lactometer
milk. Mr. Dicas
Determines the speed of an
Machmeter aircraft relative to the speed of
sound Angst Walter
Compares magnetic movement
Manometer
and fields Otton von Guerick
Used to measure atmospheric
Manometer
pressure
Coverts sound waves into
Micrometer
electrical vibration William Gascoigne
Converts sound waves into
Microphone
electrical signals. Emile Berliner
Used to obtain a magnified view of
Microscope
small objects Zacharias Janssen
Measures the scattering of light by
Nephetometer
particles suspended in a liquid Theodore William Richards
An instrument attached to the
Odometer wheel of a vehicle, to measure the
distance travelled. Benjamin Franklin
Measures electrical resistance of
Ohmmeter
objects Osvold Robert Harold
Measures the frequency of
Ondometer electromagnetic waves(radio
waves)

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 LIST OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR USES

Used for testing the refractive

Optometer
power of the eye. Dr Jules Badal
Used for visual examination of the
Otoscope
eardrum. E. Seigle
Used to view objects above sea
Periscope
level (Used in submarines). Hippolyte Marié-Davy
Phonograph Used for reproducing sound. Thomas Edison
Compares the luminous intensity
Photometer
of the two sources of light Dmitry Lachinov
It simultaneously records changed
in physiological processes such as
Polygraph
heartbeat, blood pressure & the
respiration (used as lie detector) William Moulton Marston
Used for measuring Solar
Pyrheliometer
radiation. C. G. ABBOTT
Pyrometer Measures very high temperature. Josiah Wedgwood
Measures altitudes and angles in
Quadrant
navigation and astronomy John Hadley
Radar Radio, Detection and Ranging. Heinrich Hertz
Rain Gauge Measures Rainfall. King Sejong the Great
Refractometer Measures salinity of solutions Ernst Abbe
Measures a Refractive Index of a
Refractometer
substance. Carl Zeiss

Page 5
 LIST OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR USES

Used by navigators to find the

latitude of place by measuring the
elevation above the horizon of the
Sextant
sun or another star; also used to
measure the height of very distant
objects John Campbell
Used for measuring angular
Sextant
distance between two objects.
Used for recording the intensity
Siesmograph
and origin of earthquakes shocks. John Milne
Spectroscope Used for Spectrum analysis. Robert Wilhelm Bunsen
An instrument used for measuring
Speedometer
speed of the vehicle. Croatian Josip Belušić in 1888
Measures curvature of spherical
Spherometer
objects. Robert-Aglaé Cauchoix
Sphygmomanometer Measures blood pressure. Samuel Siegfried Karl Ritter von Basch in
1881
Used for hearing and analysing
Stethoscope
the sound of Heart. René Laennec
To determine speed, especially the
Tachometer
rotational speed of a shaft(rpm) James W. Allen
Measure the amount of direct
Tangent galvanometer
current(DC) André-Marie Ampère
Records physical happenings at a
Telemeter
distant place(space) C. Michalke

Page 6
 LIST OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR USES

Used for magnified view of distant

Telescope
objects. Hans Lippershey
Thermometer Measures Temperature Galileo Galilei
Automatically regulates
Thermostat
temperatures at a constant point. Warren S. Johnson
Tonometer Measures the pitch of a sound John Austin
An apparatus used for converting
Transformer high voltage to low and vice-versa
without change in its frequency. Ottó Bláthy
To receive a signal and transmit a
Transponder
reply immediately in satellites. Charles M Redman
Measures the rate of flow of
Venturimeter
liquids Clemens Herschel
Measures Small sub-division of
Vernier
scale. Pierre Vernier
Viscometer Measures Viscosity of liquid. Edward H Zeitfuchs
Used to measure electric potential
Voltmeter
difference between two points Andrew Kay
Wattmeter To measure electric power Ottó Bláthy
To measure the wavelength of a
Wavemeter
radiowave(high frequency waves) Paul D Zottu

Page 7
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