INVESTIGATION OF SENSITIVITY

ANALYSIS OF SCHOTTKY BARRIER

GATE ALL AROUND BIO SENSOR

A minor project report submitted

In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
Electronics and Communication Engineering
by
Md Saadan Anjum Nikhil Pal Manav Kaushal
(Roll No. 08614802820) (Roll No. 08414802820) (Roll No. 08414802820)

Under the Supervision of

Mrs. Swati Sharma
Assistant Professor

to

MAHARAJA AGRASEN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SECTOR 22, ROHINI, DELHI
Affiliated to
GGSIP University, Dwarka, Delhi
May, 2016
 CERTIFICATE

Certified that Md Saadan Anjum(Roll no:- 08614802820), Nikhil Pal(Roll no:- ), Manav
Kaushal(Roll no:- 08414802820)has/have carried out the major project work presented in
this report entitled “Sensitivity Analysis of Schottky Barrier Gate All Around Bio
Sensor” for the award of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication
Engineering from Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology affiliated to GGSIP
University, Delhi under my/our supervision. The report embodies results of original work
and studies as carried out by the student(s) himself/herself.

Prof. (Dr.) Sunil Kumar Mathur Mrs. Swati Sharma

Professor & HOD, ECE Assistant Professor, ECE

Date:

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 Sensitivity Analysis of Schottky Barrier Gate All Around Bio Sensor

ABSTRACT

In the world of biosensing technology, the Schottky Barrier Gate All Around (SBGAA) bio
sensor represents a promising approach for tetchy and selective detection of biological entities.
This project focuses on conducting a comprehensive sensitivity analysis of the Schottky Barrier
Gate All Around biosensor, aiming to enhance its performance and applicability in diverse
biomedical and environmental applications.

The research involves the fabrication and optimization of the Schottky Barrier Gate All Around
biosensor, leveraging state-of-the-art materials and nanofabrication techniques. The sensor's
sensitivity will be systematically investigated by exploring its response to various
concentrations of target biomolecules, such as proteins, DNA, and other relevant analytes.
Experimental parameters, including gate voltage, temperature, and surface functionalization,
will be carefully tuned to assess their impact on the sensor's sensitivity.

Additionally, advanced simulation tools will be employed to model and analyze the intricate
interactions between the biomolecules and the SBGAA sensor surface. This computational
approach will provide valuable insights into the underlying physics governing the sensor's
sensitivity, aiding in the interpretation and optimization of experimental results.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to take this as an opportunity to express my gratitude for the guiding help of Mrs.
Swati Sharma and our HOD Prof. Sunil Kumar Mathur for giving me the opportunity to work
on this project. I would like to thanks Mr. Amit Das for the several helpful discussions, inputs,
and help.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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 Page No.
Certificate ii
Abstract iii
Acknowledgements iv
Table of Contents v
List of Tables ??
List of Figures ??
List of Symbols and Abbreviations ??

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION(AS PER YOUR NEED) 1-16

1.1 HISTORICAL REVIEW 1
1.2 LITERATURE SURVEY 2
1.3 THESIS OVERVIEW 16

CHAPTER 2 METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNA 17-33

2.1 INTRODUCTION 17
2.2 CAVITY MODEL 18
2.2.1 Analysis of Rectangular Microstrip Antenna 22
2.2.2 Analysis of Circular Microstrip Antenna 26
2.3 CONCLUSION 33

CHAPTER 3 ANALYSIS OF L-STRIP FED CIRCULAR MICROSTRIP ANTENNA

34-51
3.1 INTRODUCTION 34
3.2 AN L-STRIP FED CIRCULAR MICROSTRIP ANTENNA 35
3.3 SLOT LOADED L-STRIP FED CMSA 38
3.4 RADIATION PATTERN 40
3.5 DESIGN PARAMETERS 40
3.6 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 41
3.7 CONCLUSION 51

CHAPTER 4 TUNABLE L-STRIP FED MICROSTRIP ANTENNA 52-65

4.1 INTRODUCTION 52

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 4.2 THEORETICAL MODELLING 53
4.2.1 L-Strip Loaded CMSA 54
4.2.2 Analysis of CSRR 55
4.2.3 Implementation of Tunable L-strip Fed CMSA 57
4.3 DESIGN PARAMETER 57
4.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 57
4.5 CONCLUSION 65

CHAPTER 5 TUNABLE H-SHAPE MICROSTRIP ANTENNA 66-83

5.1 INTRODUCTION 66
5.2 THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION 68
5.2.1 Tunnel Diode 68
5.2.2 H-Shaped Microstrip Antenna 69
5.2.3 Tunnel Diode Loaded H-Shape Antenna 71
5.3 RADIATION PATTERN 74
5.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 74
5.5 CONCLUSION 83

CHAPTER 6 TUNABLE STACKED MICROSTRIP ANTENNA 84-107

6.1 INTRODUCTION 84
6.2 THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION 85
6.2.1 Analysis of Upper Patch 86
6.2.2 Analysis of Lower Patch 87
6.2.3 Stacked Circular Patch 89
6.2.4 Varactor Diode Integrated Stacked Microstrip Patch 90

CHAPTER 8 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 120-126

8.1 CONCLUSION 120
8.2 FUTURE SCOPE 126
REFERENCES 127-143
Curriculum Vitae

LIST OF TABLES

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 Page No.

Table 2.1 Comparison of Different Analytical Models 18

Table 2.2 Roots of Jn’(ka) =0 28

Table 3.1 CSMA Specification 41

Table 3.2 Bandwidth for Different y0 at h2=7.8 mm 42

Table 3.3 Bandwidth for Different h2 at y0=11 mm 45

Table 3.4 The Antenna Parameters at Design Frequency (3.74GHz) 50

Table 4.1. Gain and Directivity for Different Antenna Structures For Different Diode 67
Conditions

Table 5.1 Specification of H-Shape Rectangular Microstrip Antenna 75

Table 5.2 Specification of Tunnel diode 76

Table 6.1 Stacked CMSA Specification 94

Table 6.2 Varactor Diode Specification 95

Table 6.3 Comparison of Simulated and Calculated Resonant Frequencies of 99

Varactor Loaded Antenna
Table 6.4 Comparison of Resonant Frequencies and Group Delay of BST Loaded
106 Antenna

Table 7.1 Specification of Tunable CSMSA 111

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Page No.
Fig. 1.1 Basic Structure of a Microstrip Antenna 2
Fig. 2.1 Cavity Model of Microstrip Antenna 20
Fig. 2.2 Geometry of Rectangular Microstrip Antenna 23
Fig. 2.3 General Network Model of Rectangular Microstrip Antenna 25
Fig. 2.4 Geometry of Circular Microstrip Antenna 27
Fig. 2.5 General Equivalent circuit of Circular Microstrip Antenna 31
Fig. 3.1 Structure of Proposed Antenna 35
Fig. 3.2 Equivalent Circuit of L-strip Proximity Coupled CSMA 36
Fig. 3.3 Modified Equivalent Circuit after Slot Loading 39
Fig 3.4 Variation of Input Impedance with Frequency for Different L-strip 42
Lengths at h2=7.8mm [solid--Real part, dash--Imaginary part]
Fig 3.5 Variation of Return Loss with Frequency for Different 43
Horizontal Lengths of L-strip at h2=7.8mm
Fig. 3.6 Variation of Input Impedance with Frequency for Different 43
Height of L-strip at y0=11mm [solid-Real part, dash-Imaginary part].
Fig. 3.7 Variation of Return Loss with Frequency for Different Heights 44
of L-strip at y0=11 mm

Fig. 3.8 Variation of return loss with frequency for different length of slot 45
Fig. 3.9 Variation of Return Loss with Frequency for Different Slot Width 46
Fig. 3.10 Variation of Return Loss with Frequency 47

Fig. 3.11 Variation of Gain with Frequency 48

Fig. 3.12 Variation of Directivity with Frequency 49
Fig. 3.13 Variation of Antenna and Radiation Efficiencies with Frequency 49
Fig. 3.14 Radiation Pattern with and without Slot 50
Fig. 4.1 Schematic of Proposed Antenna 54
Fig. 4.2 (a) Schematic of CSRR (b) Its Equivalent 55
Fig. 4.3 Equivalent Circular CPW for Capacitance Calculation 56

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List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature

0 Free Space Wavelength

fres Resonant Frequency
k Wave Number
kc Coupling Coefficient
εr Relative Dielectric Constant
εreff Effective Dielectric Constant
aeff Effective radius of Patch
h, h1, h2 Height of Dielectric Substrate
tand Loss Tangent
W Width of Patch
L Length of Patch
 Probe Position
 Conductivity of Material
c Speed of Light
a, a1, a2 Radius of Circular Patch
R1, R2, Rp Resonance Resistance of the Patch