IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, VOL. 22, NO.
5, MAY 2023
Wideband Decoupling Design for Slotted Dielectric
Patch Antenna
Ling-Ling Yang , Xiao-Fan Wang, Shi-Chang Tang , Wen-Wen Yang , Member, IEEE,
and Jian-Xin Chen , Senior Member, IEEE
Abstract—A novel wideband decoupling design for slotted di-
electric patch (DP) antenna (DPA) is proposed. Thanks to the
multimode characteristic of the DPA, the TM10 mode and an-
tiphase TM20 mode are excited simultaneously. The air tunnels
are employed to incorporate TM10 and antiphase TM20 modes
for expanding the antenna bandwidth. Since the two modes are
the TM modes, introducing strong inductive coupling between
the two DPAs, the decoupling of the two modes can be achieved
simultaneously by introducing the capacitive coupling of the two
pairs of metal strips on the nonradiating edges. As a result, the
neutralization of the two kinds of couplings improves wideband
isolation without using the conventional large isolating structures.
At the same time, it should be highlighted that the radiation pattern
can be stabilized during the decoupling process. For demonstration,
1 × 2 wideband decoupled slotted DPAs are implemented and
measured. The measurement shows an impedance bandwidth of
17.9% (4.93–5.9 GHz) with an enhanced port-to-port isolation
of over 21.0 dB. A good agreement between the simulated and
measured results is obtained to validate the proposed wideband
decoupling method.
Index Terms—Air tunnel, dielectric patch antenna, metal strip,
wideband decoupling.
I. INTRODUCTION
ULTIPLE-INPUT–MULTIPLE-OUTPUT (MIMO) sys-
M tems have been widely used in the modern wireless
communication nowadays [1], [2]. Meanwhile, with the ever-
increasing requirements of bandwidth hungry in the MIMO
systems, the broadband antennas are required urgently. Owing to
the limited space in the MIMO systems, the mutual coupling be-
tween multiple antennas is greatly increased, and consequently,
affects the antenna performances in terms of poor port-to-port
isolation, distorting radiation patterns, and so on. Thus, it is of
great significant to investigate the decoupling techniques for the
wideband antennas.
Manuscript received 19 November 2022; revised 1 December 2022; accepted
10 December 2022. Date of publication 14 December 2022; date of current
version 5 May 2023. This work was supported in part by the Nantong Basic
Science Research Program under Grant JC2021032; and in part by Postgraduate
Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province under Grant
KYCX21_3082. (Corresponding author: Jian-Xin Chen.)
Ling-Ling Yang is with the School of Information Science and Technology
and Xinglin College, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (e-mail:
lingling-yang@hotmail.com).
Xiao-Fan Wang, Shi-Chang Tang, Wen-Wen Yang, and Jian-Xin Chen are with
the School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nan-
tong 226019, China (e-mail: 3254611462@qq.com; ycsctang@hotmail.com;
wwyang2008@hotmail.com; jjxchen@hotmail.com).
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/LAWP.2022.3228894
1536-1225 © 2022 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.
See https://www.ieee.org/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
Authorized licensed use limited to: GUILIN UNIVERSITY OF ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY. Downloaded on June 16,2023 at 15:09:45 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
955
Recently, several decoupling studies have been conducted for
the two main types of antennas, i.e., metallic patch antenna
(MPA) and dielectric resonator (DR) antenna (DRA). Various
techniques such as metasurface [3], electromagnetic band-gap
(EBG) [4], [5], [6], split-ring resonator (SRR) [7], metamaterial
[8], [9], and dielectric superstrate [10] have been employed
to achieve the satisfactory port-to-port isolation. However, the
introduced extra decoupling structures would inevitably occupy
extra space and increase the design complexity. Simple struc-
tures including metal strips [11] and metallic vias [12] are
directly adopted on the DR to enhance the isolation of the
antenna elements, showing compact size and good isolation. The
self-decoupling techniques without adding extra element have
been reported [13], [14], [15], [16], [17]. In [14], benefiting
from the obvious advantages of the inherent weak field by
the extended inset-fed scheme of the MPA, a self-decoupling
method for the MPA operating at the TM01 mode is reported. In
[16], by using the TE113 mode excited in one DRA, the resultant
mode of another DRA becomes the TE211 mode, thus the high
isolation is obtained. However, the aforementioned decoupling
methods are developed for the antennas operating at the single
mode, so the operation bandwidths are narrow. To cater for
the wideband trend of the antenna/array, wideband decoupling
methods have attracted lots of research interest recently [18],
[19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26]. In [18], two groups
of vias at the nonradiating edges are used for realizing shorted
patch antenna (SPA), and then, the impedance bandwidth is
broadened, meanwhile, the isolation improvement and stable
radiation pattern are obtained. However, the usable bandwidth
is limited and still less than 10%. In [19], by employing the met-
allized dielectric bridge, the DRAs show the wide bandwidths
(26.7%) and high isolation level. But the radiation patterns of
this antenna are distorted in the course of the decoupling process.
Dielectric patch antenna (DPA), as a quasi-planar DRA, not
only has the similar characteristics of DRA such as multimode,
design freedom, but also possesses the similar property of the
conventional MPA [27]. Therefore, DPA can be seen as a com-
promise between the conventional DRA and MPA, which also
has significant potential in modern communication systems [28],
[29]. In [30], by choosing proper structural parameters, a simple
decoupling method for DPAs is presented, and the satisfactory
isolation and nondeformed radiation pattern can be achieved.
However, the wideband decoupling methods for DPA are rarely
proposed so far.
In this article, a wideband decoupling method for the slotted
DPA is proposed. Following the previous work [31], a wideband
decoupling method for the slotted DPA is proposed, and the
detailed operation mechanisms of two employed modes (TM10
and antiphase TM20 ) for the wideband decoupling are discussed
 956 IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, VOL. 22, NO. 5, MAY 2023
Fig. 1. Configuration of the proposed 1 × 2 wideband decoupled slotted DPAs.
(a) 3-D view. (b) Top view. (Detailed parameters: ws = 77.5, ls = 60, wd =
26, ld = 36.8, hd = 1.6, wa = 6, ha = 1.1, h1 = 0.813, h2 = 0.813, lc =10.2,
wc = 1.6, w1 = 1.8, w2 = 1.75, d = 1.5, tw = 7, hw =1.6, l1 = 1.4, l2 = 7.5,
and l3 = 23.3. Units: mm.)
Fig. 2. Configurations of DPAs. (a) Config. 1: Single DPA. (b) Config. 2: 1
× 2 DPAs. (c) Config. 3: 1 × 2 DPAs only with metal strips. (d) Config. 4: 1
× 2 DPAs only with air tunnels. (e) Config. 5: The proposed 1 × 2 wideband
decoupled slotted DPAs with air tunnels and metal strips.
in this article. Here, a common equivalent circuit model for
the two modes is used to illustrate the wideband decoupling
mechanism.
II. ANTENNA DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
A. Antenna Configuration
Fig. 1 shows the configuration of the proposed 1 × 2
wideband slotted DPAs fed by the slot-coupled microstrip lines,
where the two pairs of metal strips (face to face) are attached
to the y-axis edges of the DPs. The two slotted rectangle DPs
(εrd = 45, tanδ = 0.00019) have the volume of ld × wd × hd .
The air tunnels with a volume of wa × wd × ha are etched in
the center of the DPs, respectively. The substrate1 and substrate
2 are Rogers 4003C laminates (εr1 = 3.55, tanδ = 0.0027)
with height of h1 and h2 . The substrate 1 and the rectangle DP
constitute a DP resonator. The feeding lines are accommodated
on the bottom layer of the substrate 2. The detailed parameter
values are listed in the caption of Fig. 1.
B. Operation Mechanism
To better elaborate the decoupling process, the structures of
the single DPA and 1 × 2 DPAs (Config. 1–5) are shown in
Fig. 2. It is mentioned that the distances between the DPAs are
both set to the same parameter d = 1.5 mm.
Fig. 2(a) shows the structure of the single DPA (Config. 1),
which operates at two modes, i.e., TM10 and antiphase TM20
Authorized licensed use limited to: GUILIN UNIVERSITY OF ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY. Downloaded on June 16,2023 at 15:09:45 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
Fig. 3. Simulated S-parameters for Config. 1–5. (a) |S11 |. (b) |S21 |.
modes, similar to that in [32]. Once the permittivity of DP (εrd )
and substrate 1 (εr1 ) are chosen, their thickness (hd and h1 ) are
defined and the operating frequencies are set, the planar sizes of
DP can be estimated through an initial calculation.
As described in [33], based on the Ez’s Helmholtz equation
and boundary conditions, the resonant frequency of TMmns
mode can be expressed as
c 
f= √ kx2 + ky2 + kz2 (1)
2π εeff
kz2 + αz2 = (εeff − 1) k02 (2)
     ε ε × h +h 
εrd hd +εr1 h1 ε h +ε h r1 rd ( d 1)
m hd +h1 +n rd hd +hr1 1 +s ε h +ε h
1 rd 1
εeff =
d r1 d
m+n+s
(3)
where kx = mπ/ld , ky = nπ/wd , and kz = 2 arctan(εeff αz /kz )/heff
represent the wave numbers along x-, y-, and z-axes. k0 is the
free-space wavenumber corresponding to the resonant frequency
and αz is the wavenumber of dissipation mode along the z-axis.
εeff and heff = 2 × (hd + h1 ) are the equivalent effective dielectric
constants and the equivalent thickness, respectively.
In this design, the DPA is set to operate at TM10 mode
and antiphase TM20 mode at 4.6 and 5.68 GHz, respectively.
Meantime, on the basis of the given parameters of εrd, εr1, h1 ,
hd , f1 , and f2 , the initial value of ld can be calculated as about
37.5 mm (the value of final design is 36.8 mm). It is mentioned
that the width (wd ) of the DP has little effect on the resonant
frequencies of the two modes. Here, considering the radiation
aperture of the antenna, the width (wd ) is set to 26 mm.
When the two DPAs are arranged along the y-axis as Config. 2,
there is strong inductive coupling, resulting in poor port-to-port
isolation (|S21 |) shown in Fig. 3(b). The simulated results of
the DPAs with only metal strips are shown in Fig. 3. It can be
observed that although the isolation (|S21 |) can be enhanced, it
is difficult to achieve a stable isolation with good impedance
matching in the broadband. Thus, it is necessary to incorporate
the employed modes in the first place, and then, achieve the
wideband decoupling. In this letter, the two goals are explored
in-depth during the decoupling process.
1) Bandwidth enhancement, bringing the TM10 mode closer
to the antiphase TM20 mode. By employing the air tunnels
shown in Fig. 2(d), the resonant frequency of the TM01
mode is moved up, realizing a broadband design, as shown
in Fig. 3(a).
2) Isolation enhancement in broadband, achieving the neu-
tralization of the inductive and capacitive coupling. The
E-field distributions of the TM10 and antiphase TM20
mode are shown in Fig. 4. It can be observed that the
E-fields of both modes at the y-axis edges (nonradiating
 YANG et al.: WIDEBAND DECOUPLING DESIGN FOR SLOTTED DPA
Fig. 4. E-field distribution of the modes. (a) TM10 mode. (b) Antiphase TM20
mode.
Fig. 5. Equivalent circuit model of the two DPAs. (a) Without metal strips.
(b) With metal strips.
edges) are weak, thus resulting in strong inductive cou-
pling in broadband. In view of this, two pairs of metal
strips (face to face) are attached to the y-axis edges of the
DPs shown in Fig. 2(e) to generate the capacitive coupling.
It is worth noting that the electric currents flowing on the
metal strips can also increase the inductive effect. As a
result, the inductive effect generated by the metal strips
and the strong inductive coupling of the two TM modes
can be neutralized by introducing the capacitive coupling
of the two pairs of metal strips for broadband isolation. As
can be seen from Fig. 3(b), compared with Config. 4, the
port-to-port isolation (|S21 |) of Config. 5 with metal strips
is about 8.0 dB improvement in the operation broadband.
To provide a clear sight into the operation of the wideband
decoupling, the equivalent circuit models of the two DPAs are
defined in Fig. 5. Fig. 5(a) shows the equivalent circuit model
of the two DPAs without metal strips. Since the antiphase TM20
mode can be approximated as two TM01 mode, the L, C, and
R with indexes of D1 are used to model the DP.1 excited the
two modes in this circuit, as in [34]. Similarly, the indexes
of D2 are used for the DP.2. Due to the DPA is excited by a
slot-coupled, and thus, the feeding structure can be modeled
by a π-type capacitance circuit [35]. The coupling coefficient
M represents the inductive coupling between the two DPAs.
Because the TM01 mode and the antiphase TM20 mode both have
strong inductive coupling on the edges, the decoupling of the two
modes can be achieved simultaneously by introducing capacitive
coupling. Here, the capacitance Cs produced by the metal strips
is brought to achieve a balance between the capacitive and
inductive coupling, as shown in Fig. 5(b), thus the wideband
decoupling can be obtained.
Authorized licensed use limited to: GUILIN UNIVERSITY OF ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY. Downloaded on June 16,2023 at 15:09:45 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
957
Fig. 6. Simulated S-parameters of the Config. 5. (a) Different heights of the
air tunnel ha . (b) Different widths of the air tunnel wa . (c) Different heights of
the metal strips hw . (d) Different lengths of metal strips tw .
Fig. 7. Photograph of the fabricated 1 × 2 wideband decoupled slotted DPAs
prototype. (a) Top view. (b) Bottom view.
C. Parametric Study
To further investigate the broadband decoupling method, the
effects of some key parameters on the refection coefficient (|S11 |)
and port-to-port isolation (|S21 |) are studied by simulation. When
one parameter is studied, the others remain unchanged.
Fig. 6(a) and (b) shows the simulated S-parameters with differ-
ent heights (ha ) and widths (wa ) of air tunnel. It is observed that
as the two parameters change, the isolation is less affected while
the refection coefficient is very sensitive. As ha and wa increase,
the first resonator mode moves up to achieve the broadband,
while the second one basically remains unchanged. Notably,
when ha increases to 1.3 mm, the two modes merge, resulting
in a narrow bandwidth. As a result, ha = 1.1 mm and wa = 6
mm are selected as the optimal values.
In order to achieve a balance between the inductive and
capacitive coupling, the heights (hw ) and lengths (tw ) of metal
strips are investigated. Fig. 6(c) and (d) exhibits the simulated
S-parameters with different hw and tw . It is found that as hw and
tw change, the resonant frequencies of the two modes are almost
unchanged, while the isolations change significantly. Based on
the aforementioned analysis, hw = 1.6 mm and tw = 7 mm are
used as the final size of the metal strips in Config. 4.
III. EXPERIMENT RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
To validate the wideband decoupling method, the proposed 1
× 2 decoupled DPAs are manufactured and measured. Fig. 7
shows the photograph of the fabricated wideband decoupled
 958
TABLE I
PERFORMANCES COMPARISON OF THE PROPOSED DECOUPLING AND THE PREVIOUSLY REPORTED DESIGNS
Fig. 8. Simulated and measured results of the proposed 1 × 2 wideband
decoupled DPAs. (a) S-parameters. (b) Realized gains and efficiencies.
DPAs. The processing technique of attaching metal strips on the
DP is to print the silver paste on the designated edge regions of
the DP. With the help of the high-temperature sintering process,
the silvers with a thickness of 0.01 mm are deposited on the DP.
Then, the DPs are bonded to the upper surface of Substrate 1 by
strong glue. Notably, port 1 is excited, while port 2 is terminated
by a 50 Ω load for experiment [16].
The simulated and measured S-parameters are shown in
Fig. 8(a). The measured and simulated impedance bandwidths
for |S11 | < −10 dB are about 17.9% (4.93–5.9 GHz) and 19.2%
(4.92–5.97 GHz), respectively, showing good agreement. It can
be found that the measured resonant frequency of the first mode
is slightly moved up, which can be attributed to the machining
error in the height of air tunnel. Fig. 8(b) shows the simulated and
measured realized gains and efficiencies. Across the operation
band, the measured and simulated peak gains are about 8.14 and
8.38 dBi, respectively. Some discrepancy between the measured
and simulated gains at the beginning of the band would be
attributed to the assembly error of the DPs (edge-to-edge spacing
d). Meantime, the simulated and measured radiation efficiencies
range from 86% to 98% and 74% to 90% within the operating
band. Here, it is noted that the measured efficiency is a bit lower
than the simulated one due to the fabrication error, especially
the dielectric loss tangent of the DP, the metal losses related
to the SMA connector and the slight displacement of DP. The
simulated and measured radiation patterns at 5.07 and 5.78 GHz
for E-plane and H-plane are shown in Fig. 9. As expected, the
stabilized radiation patterns can be observed.
A comprehensive comparison of decoupling methods be-
tween the proposed and previously reported is summarized in
Table I. In [7], by employing the decoupling structure SRR, the
edge-to-edge space for the MPA had to be set to 0.25λ0 since
the extra structures would inevitably occupy a large space be-
tween the antennas. Although the decoupling techniques in [11],
[12], and [16] with metal strips, metal vias, or self-decoupling
are convenient, the bandwidths of the decoupled antennas are
relatively narrow. The design in [18] with multiple shoring vias
operated at two resonator modes has good isolation and stable
Authorized licensed use limited to: GUILIN UNIVERSITY OF ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY. Downloaded on June 16,2023 at 15:09:45 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, VOL. 22, NO. 5, MAY 2023
Fig. 9. Simulated and measured radiation patterns of the proposed wideband
decoupled DPAs. (a) 5.07 GHz. (b) 5.78 GHz.
radiation pattern, but the bandwidth of this antenna is only
about 9.8%. Although the design in [19] has a wider bandwidth
(26.7%) and better isolation, the metallized dielectric bridge
generally increasing the loss and the complexity unavoidably,
meanwhile its radiation patterns are distorted. The proposed
decoupling method using metal strips can achieve the good
port-to-port isolation (>21.0 dB) across the wide bandwidth
(17.9%), showing compact size. Furthermore, it is worth noting
that the distortion of the radiation pattern can be also avoided.
IV. CONCLUSION
A wideband decoupling method for the slotted DPA is pro-
posed in this article. Due to the multimode characteristic of the
DPA, the TM10 mode and antiphase TM20 mode are excited.
Then, with the help of the air tunnels, the two modes are moved
closer to achieve the bandwidth enhancement. Next, since the
two modes are both the TM modes, the decoupling of the two
modes can be achieved simultaneously by employing the metal
strips, and thus, improving the wideband isolation. A series
of parametric studies show that the height and width of the
air tunnel has a significant influence on the bandwidth of the
DPA antenna, and the mutual coupling can be controlled by
size of metal strips. It is believed that the proposed wideband
decoupling approach would be a potential technique in the future
communication system.
 YANG et al.: WIDEBAND DECOUPLING DESIGN FOR SLOTTED DPA
REFERENCES
[1] W. Hong et al., “Multibeam antenna technologies for 5G wireless commu-
nications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 65, no. 12, pp. 6231–6249,
Dec. 2017.
[2] J. G. Andrews et al., “What will 5G be?,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun.,
vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1065–1082, Jun. 2014.
[3] A. Dadgarpour, B. Zarghooni, B. S. Virdee, T. A. Denidni, and A. A.
Kishk, “Mutual coupling reduction in dielectric resonator antennas using
metasurface shield for 60-GHz MIMO systems,” IEEE Antennas Wireless
Propag. Lett., vol. 16, pp. 477–480, 2017.
[4] M. J. Al-Hasan, T. A. Denidni, and A. R. Sebak, “Millimeter-wave compact
EBG structure for mutual coupling reduction applications,” IEEE Trans.
Antennas Propag., vol. 63, pp. 823–828, Feb. 2015.
[5] J.-Y. Lee, S.-H. Kim, and J.-H. Jang, “Reduction of mutual coupling in
planar multiple antenna by using 1-D EBG and SRR structures,” IEEE
Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 63, no. 9, pp. 4194–4198, Sep. 2015.
[6] S. Ghosh, T.-N. Tran, and T. Le-Ngoc, “Dual-layer EBG-based miniatur-
ized multi-element antenna for MIMO systems,” IEEE Trans. Antennas
Propag., vol. 62, no. 8, pp. 3985–3997, Aug. 2014.
[7] M. M. Bait-Suwailam, O. F. Siddiqui, and O. M. Ramahi, “Mutual coupling
reduction between microstrip patch antennas using slotted-complementary
split-ring resonators,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 9,
pp. 876–878, 2010.
[8] A. Jafargholi, A. Jafargholi, and J. H. Choi, “Mutual coupling reduction in
an array of patch antennas using CLL metamaterial superstrate for MIMO
applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 179–189,
Jan. 2019.
[9] G. Zhai, Z. N. Chen, and X. Qing, “Enhanced isolation of a closely spaced
four-element MIMO antenna system using metamaterial mushroom,”
IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 63, no. 8, pp. 3362–3370, Aug. 2015.
[10] M. Li and S. Cheung, “Isolation enhancement for MIMO dielectric
resonator antennas using dielectric superstrate,” IEEE Trans. Antennas
Propag., vol. 69, no. 7, pp. 4154–4159, Jul. 2021.
[11] Y. Zhang, J.-Y. Deng, M.-J. Li, D. Sun, and L.-X. Guo, “A MIMO dielectric
resonator antenna with improved isolation for 5G mm-wave applica-
tions,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 747–751,
Apr. 2019.
[12] Y. M. Pan, X. Qin, Y. X. Sun, and S. Y. Zheng, “A simple decoupling
method for 5G millimeter-wave MIMO dielectric resonator antennas,”
IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 2224–2234, Apr. 2019.
[13] P. Kumari and S. Das, “A MIMO antenna system using self-decoupled EM-
SIW dual-beam antenna elements,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 1339–1345,
2022.
[14] H. Lin, Q. Chen, Y. Ji, X. Yang, J. Wang, and L. Ge, “Weak-field-based
self-decoupling patch antennas,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 68,
no. 6, pp. 4208–4217, Jun. 2020.
[15] Q. X. Lai, Y. M. Pan and S. Y. Zheng, and W. J. Yang, “Mutual coupling
reduction in MIMO microstrip patch array using TM10 and TM02 modes,”
IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 69, no. 11, pp. 7562–7571, Nov. 2021.
[16] Y. M. Pan, Y. Hu, and S. Y. Zheng, “Design of low mutual coupling
dielectric resonator antennas without using extra decoupling element,”
IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 69, no. 11, pp. 7377–7385, Nov. 2021.
[17] L. Sun, Y. Li, Z. Zhang, and H. Wang, “Antenna decoupling by common
and differential modes cancellation,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.,
vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 672–682, Feb. 2021.
[18] R. Zaker and A. Kheirdoost, “Bandwidth and isolation improvement of
highly coupled printed array antenna using multiple shorting posts,” IEEE
Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 69, no. 11, pp. 7987–7992, Nov. 2021.
Authorized licensed use limited to: GUILIN UNIVERSITY OF ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY. Downloaded on June 16,2023 at 15:09:45 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
959
[19] J. Shi, J. X. Li, and K. Xu, “Mutual coupling reduction in wideband
dielectric resonator antennas,” Int. J. RF Microw. Comput.-Aided Eng.,
vol. 32, pp. 1–8, Oct. 2021.
[20] Y.-F. Cheng and K.-K. M. Cheng, “Compact wideband decoupling and
matching network design for dual-antenna array,” IEEE Antennas Wireless
Propag. Lett., vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 791–795, May 2020.
[21] P. Mei, Y.-M. Zhang, and S. Zhang, “Decoupling of a wideband dual-
polarized large-scale antenna array with dielectric stubs,” IEEE Trans.
Veh. Techn., vol. 70, no. 8, pp. 7363–7374, Aug. 2021.
[22] S. N. Venkatasubramanian, L. Li, A. Lehtovuori, C. Icheln, and K. Haneda,
“Impact of using resistive elements for wideband isolation improvement,”
IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 52–62, Jan. 2017.
[23] S. Song, X. Chen, Y. Da, and A. A. Kishk, “Broadband dielectric resonator
antenna array with enhancement of isolation and front-to-back ratio for
MIMO application,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 21, no. 7,
pp. 1487–1491, Jul. 2022.
[24] K. D. Xu, J. Zhu, S. Liao, and Q. Xue, “Wideband patch antenna using
multiple parasitic patches and its array application with mutual coupling
reduction,” IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 42497–42506, 2018.
[25] F.-M. Yang, L. Peng, X. Liao, K.-S. Mo, X. Jiang, and S.-M. Li, “Coupling
reduction for a wideband circularly polarized conformal array antenna with
a single-negative structure,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 18,
no. 5, pp. 991–995, May 2019.
[26] X.-L. Li, G.-M. Yang, and Y.-Q. Jin, “Isolation enhancement of wideband
vehicular antenna array using fractal decoupling structure,” IEEE Antennas
Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 1799–1803, Sep. 2019.
[27] H. W. Lai, K. M. Luk, and K. W. Leung, “Dense dielectric patch antenna-a
new kind of low-profile antenna element for wireless communications,”
IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 61, no. 8, pp. 4239–4245, Aug. 2013.
[28] C. Du et al., “Wideband low-profile H-shaped dielectric patch antennas
based microwave dielectric ceramics,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 120, 2022,
Art. no. 223301.
[29] C. Du et al., “Fabrication of wideband low-profile dielectric patch antennas
from temperature stable 0.65 CaTiO3 -0.35 LaAlO3 microwave dielectric
ceramic,” Adv. Eng. Mater., 2022, Art. no. 2101414.
[30] L.-L. Yang, X.-F. Wang, Y.-H. Ke, W.-W. Yang, and J.-X. Chen, “Dielectric
patch antenna self-decoupling by proper structural parameters,” IEEE
Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 1447–1451, Jul. 2022.
[31] L.-L. Yang, X.-F. Wang, S.-C. Tang, and J.-X. Chen, “Wideband decou-
pling for bandwidth enhanced dielectric patch antenna,” in Proc. IEEE Int.
Symp. Antennas Propag. USNC-URSI Radio Sci. Meeting, 2022, pp. 3–4.
[32] S.-C. Tang, X.-Y. Wang, S. Y. Zheng, Y. M. Pan, and J.-X. Chen,
“Frequency-reconfigurable dielectric patch antenna with bandwidth en-
hancement,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 70, no. 4, pp. 2510–2519,
Apr. 2022.
[33] S.-C. Tang, X.-Y. Wang, W.-W. Yang, and J.-X. Chen, “Wideband low-
profile dielectric patch antenna and array with anisotropic property,” IEEE
Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 68, no. 5, pp. 4091–4096, May 2020.
[34] K. A. Zaki and C. Chen, “Coupling of non-axially symmetric hybrid modes
in dielectric resonators,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. MTT-35,
no. 12, pp. 1136–1142, Dec. 1987.
[35] Z. Wang, Y. Dong, Z. Peng, and W. Hong, “Hybrid metasurface, dielectric
resonator, low-cost, wide-angle beam-scanning antenna for 5G base station
application,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 70, no. 9, pp. 7646–7658,
Sep. 2022.