URDANETA CITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
AND ARCHITECTURE
DEPARTMENT

VOLTAGE REGULATION

Types of Voltage Regulation:

• Line Regulation
• Load Regulation

Line Regulation: to maintain a nearly constant output voltage when the input voltage varies

Line Regulation can be defined as the percentage change in the output voltage for a given
change in the input voltage.

Line regulation can also be expressed in units of %/V.

Problem
When the ac input voltage of a certain power supply changes, the input to the voltage
regulator decreases by 5 V as a result, and the output of the regulator decreases by
0.25 V. The nominal output is 15 V. Determine the line regulation in %/V.

Answer:
0.333%/V

Load Regulation: to maintain a nearly constant output voltage when the load varies.

One way to express load regulation is as a percentage change in output voltage from no-load
(NL) to full-load (FL)

Alternately, the load regulation can be expressed as a percentage change in output voltage
for each mA change in load current.

(075) 600 - 1507

Brightfuture starts here San Vicente West, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan
ucu.edu.ph | univpresidentofficial@gmail.com
 URDANETA CITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
AND ARCHITECTURE
DEPARTMENT

Problem
A certain voltage regulator has a 12 V output when there is no load When
there is a full-load current of 10 mA, the output voltage is 11.9 V. Express the voltage
regulation as a percentage change from no-load to full-load and also as a percentage
change for each mA change in load current.

Answer:
0.840%
0.084%/mA

LINEAR REGULATORS

• Series
• Shunt

Linear Series Regulator: The control element is a transistor in series with the load between
the input and output.

(075) 600 - 1507

Brightfuture starts here San Vicente West, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan
ucu.edu.ph | univpresidentofficial@gmail.com
 URDANETA CITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
AND ARCHITECTURE
DEPARTMENT

Problem
Determine the output voltage for the regulator

Answer:
10.2V

Linear Shunt Regulator: the control element is a transistor in parallel (shunt) with the load.

The shunt regulator is less efficient than the series type but offers inherent short-circuit
protection.

(075) 600 - 1507

Brightfuture starts here San Vicente West, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan
ucu.edu.ph | univpresidentofficial@gmail.com
 URDANETA CITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
AND ARCHITECTURE
DEPARTMENT

SWITCHING REGULATORS

• Step Down (Buck Converter)

• Step Up (Boost Converter)
• Voltage Inverter (Buck-Boost Converter)

Step Down (Buck Converter)

Step Up (Boost Converter)

• Voltage Inverter (Buck-Boost Converter)

(075) 600 - 1507

Brightfuture starts here San Vicente West, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan
ucu.edu.ph | univpresidentofficial@gmail.com
 URDANETA CITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
AND ARCHITECTURE
DEPARTMENT

IC VOLTAGE REGULATORS

• Fixed Positive
• Fixed Negative
• Variable/Adjustable Positive
• Variabe/Adjustable Negative

Fixed Positive

For any given regulator, the output voltage can be as much as of the nominal output.

Fixed Negative

Adjustable Positive: Vo can be varied bet. 1.2V to 37V

Adjustable Negative: Vo can be varied bet. -1.2V to -37V

(075) 600 - 1507

Brightfuture starts here San Vicente West, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan
ucu.edu.ph | univpresidentofficial@gmail.com