Q 1 Attempt any four (08)

1a Classify construction works based on “nature of work” and “magnitude of work”.

One mark each for each
Based on the nature of work, the construction works are classified as classification.
original work or repair / maintenance work.
Based on the magnitude, the construction works are classified as micro,
mini, medium, large and mega scale works.
1. b List any four agencies associated with construction work. Any four 0.5 x 4 =2
The agencies associated with construction work are;
• Promoter
• Financer
• Sanctioning authorities
• Consultants like Architect, structural consultant, Project
management consultant, Legal consultant etc.
• Contractor
• Vendors / suppliers
• Marketing and propaganda Experts / agencies
1.c State any two factors influencing the necessity of scientific management. Any two 2 x 1 =2
Factors influencing necessity of scientific management are as under;
• Scientific management involves standardized work elements
resulting in standard practice for execution of work resulting in
uniformity in work.
• Scientific management involves selecting, training and
improving the personnel for each specified job thereby
improving the productivity.
• Scientific management involves cooperation with worker to
ensure that the work adheres to the set standards.
• Scientific management emphasizes the principle of equal
division of responsibility between management and worker
thereby bringing harmony at the work place
1.d Describe briefly, the management principle of centralization. 2 marks for description
This principle deals with the delegation of authority. covering vital information.
Centralization means holding the decision-making authority at the
higher rung of organization and decentralization means delegating the
decision-making authority to the lower rungs of the organization.
Centralization ensures maximum control whereas decentralization
ensures quick decision. However, it is always necessary to strike a
 correct balance of centralization and decentralization depending upon
the work situation needs so as to get the best outcome in the interest
of the organization.
1.e List any two qualities of leader. Any two qualities carry one
Some of the important qualities expected in a leader are; mark each.
• Communicate effectively and clearly so as to drive the point to
convince either the superiors or the followers.
• Identify capable personnel in the team to delegate
responsibility so as to have sufficient time and energy to address
important leadership challenges.
• Quick and correct Decision making in the interest of the
organization.
• Ability to listen to subordinates and grasp the work-related
issues.
• Ability to grasp from the instruction received from superiors and
realize the course of action needed to be taken.
• Evaluate the progress of project at regular intervals to ensure
adherence to deadlines and reprioritize tasks to match the
altered targets.
• Anticipate problems and exhibit problem solving skills and
spontaneity to address anticipated problems and also
unforeseen problems.
• Capability to maintain healthy environment at work place by
directing skills.
• Ability to take calculated risk to get possible benefits at work.
1.f List any two functions of motivation. Any two function carry one
Some of the functions of motivation are as under; mark each.
• To encourage the team to perform better.
• To reward the outperformers and reprimand the under
performers to improve.
• To develop a sense of belongingness in the team members.
• To make the workforce to go extra distance without any extra
returns.
 • To make the team members to come forward to shoulder the
responsibilities.

Q 2 Attempt any three (12)

2.a Describe any four objectives of construction management. Any four
Some of the important objectives of construction management are; objectives
each
• Completing the work within specified time and budget carrying one
mark.
• Evolving a reputation of high-quality workmanship
• Providing safe working conditions for workers and staff
• Taking sound decisions at lowest levels of management through delegation of
authority
• Motivating people to give their best
• Creating an organization that works as a team
2.b Describe the management functions “Planning” and “Directing” and also describe how
they are applicable to construction works? Each
function
Planning is the basic function of management. It deals with chalking out a future course described
of action & deciding in advance the most appropriate course of actions for achievement and
of pre-determined goals. All Civil Engineering works involve detailed planning before describing
the execution begins. Even during the execution of the project, the plans are revised to how it
match the requirements. The executive team works on monthly, weekly and daily target applies to
construction
based on the macro and microlevel plans. This is an indicator that the Civil Engineering
works
works adopt the management function of Planning extensively. fetches 2
marks
Directing is that part of managerial function which actuates the organizational methods 2x2=4
to work efficiently for achievement of organizational purposes. Direction is that aspect of
management which deals directly with influencing, guiding, supervising, motivating sub-
ordinate for the achievement of organizational goals. Direction has following elements:

• Supervision
• Motivation
• Leadership
• Communication

2.c Describe Maslow’s need hierarchy. Sketch of

Maslow’s
American psychologist Abraham Maslow presented the Hierarchy of needs to need
hierarchy 2
represent the human need analysis. Maslow identified human needs in five levels. marks
The bottom two levels contribute to the basic needs, Middle two levels accounting Description
of need
for Psychological needs and the top level representing the self-fulfillment. Maslow’s hierarchy 2
marks
model is highly useful in designing human resource management strategies to keep
the work force in upbeat mood with high morale and level of dedication.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs

Physiological Needs: This being the first level of Need accounts for the existence of
human being. It covers food, clothing, shelter, physical rest for the individual. Human
being finds it difficult to survive if the physiological needs are not fulfilled.
Safety or Security Needs: Once the physiological needs are fulfilled, the natural
tendency of human being is to aspire for security. The security of physiological needs
influences the human being to take up saving, storing, constructing shelter and such
related activities. Such plans for future need security assurances and protections. The
needs which cater to the safety and security of the human beings form the second
level of need in the hierarchy.
Belongingness and Love needs or Social needs or Affiliation needs: Human being is
a social animal. Once the physiological and security needs are fulfilled, it is natural for
human beings to aspire for belonging to a comfortable group, having own family etc.
Such needs fall under social needs or affiliation needs category. A sense of
belongingness and settlement prevails in the minds of human being on fulfillment of
this level of need.
Esteem needs: After attaining the first three levels of needs, human beings aspire to
attain such goals in life about which they can boast as achievement. Achievement of
these goals give them a sense of accomplishment. This sense motivates the human
being to perform better in their life and career.
 Self-actualization needs: The human beings reach a stage after fulfilling their esteem
needs, that they get feeling of reaching their full potential. At this stage they start
feeling like giving back to the society. At this stage human beings take up activities
like philanthropy (Charity), Training younger generation, Motivating youngsters etc.

2.d Briefly describe any four activities at “Pre-construction” and “Post construction” stage of Any four
civil engineering project relevant
Pre-construction stage of civil engineering project involves activities like; activities in
each stage
➢ Project conceptualization stage: where the idea of taking up a project evolves. fetches 2
marks.
➢ Project feasibility analysis stage: involves all studies which deliberate about the 2x2=4
feasibility of the project planned.
➢ Proposal stage: Proposal for approval by competent authorities is prepared and the
necessary approvals are taken.
➢ Project investigation stage: All surveys and investigations needed for planning and
designing of project are carried out.
➢ Planning stage: The detailed plan for the execution of the project is prepared.
➢ Project detailing stage: All drawings and designs pertaining to the project are
prepared.
➢ Tendering stage: Tendering of the work and agency fixation are completed.
Post construction stage of civil engineering project involves activities like;

➢ Handing over stage: wherein the completed project is handed over to the promoter
as per the conditions of contract.
➢ Defect liability mitigation stage: It is the stage where any defects in the project are
noticed are corrected by the contractor in own expenditure.
➢ Maintenance stage: The projects need maintenance to operate at its full potential.
Maintenance includes up-keep, replacements, repairs etc.
➢ Structural audit stage: With aging, a project starts showing signs of deterioration.
Structural audit helps to ascertain the fitness of project. Decision on strengthening for
continuance or replacement can be taken after structural audit.
➢ Replacement stage: At the end of useful life of project is over, the project is
discarded and replaced with better equipped project anew.
2.e Describe the situations “High hygiene & High Motivation” and “Low hygiene & High 2 marks
Motivation” at work place. each for
describing
the
High Hygiene & High Motivation – where the workers have very little complaints and are
situation.
full of energy and zest to perform better. This is an ideal situation for organization. This 2x2=4

situation does not involve exploitation of either workers or management.

Low Hygiene & High Motivation – Where the workers have lot of complaints but still, they
are highly motivated towards work. The project is such that the management is not in a
position to provide hygienic factors but the workers are motivated to do works.
OR
The workers are desperate to get work and the management is taking advantage of this
surplus supply of workers by cutting costs.