Network Media

 Medium is the physical path

between transmitter and receiver in
a data transmission system
 Guided Medium: waves are guided
along a solid medium path (twisted
pair, coaxial cable, and optical
fiber).
 Unguided medium: waves are
propagated through the atmosphere
and inner/outerspace (satellite and
wireless transmissions).
Network Cable Types and
Specifications

 Coaxial cable
 Twisted-pair cables
 Fiber Optic Cable
Coaxial Cable
 The coaxial cables were not primarily
developed for the computer network. These
cables were developed for general purposes.
 They were in use even before computer
networks came into existence. They are still
used even their use in computer networks has
been completely discontinued.
Coaxial Cable Splicing - Tools

 Coaxial cable stripper

 Coax compression tool

 Barrel Connector

 BNC Connector
 Coax TV Cable stripping
connector install -
Compression and Threaded

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iQngGKrUqAo
Twisted Pair Cable
 UTP (Unshielded twisted-pair) cable, all pairs
are wrapped in a single plastic sheath.

 STP (Shielded twisted-pair) cable, each pair

is wrapped with an additional metal shield,
then all pairs are wrapped in a single outer
plastic sheath.
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable
 Eight wire copper cable.
 The length should not be more than 100 meters
(328 ft) to avoid data loss.

Category
 Cat 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 are outdated and not used in any
modern LAN network.
 Cat 7 is still a new technology and not commonly
used.
 Cat 5e, 6, 6a are the commonly used twisted-pair
cables.
UTP Cable Splicing - Tools
 Crimping Tool
 attach a connector to the end
of a cable

 RJ-45
 UTP modular connector

 Cable Tester
 test each pin of ethernet
cable
Install RJ-45 in UTP Cable

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTpt48tzC14

Pass Through RJ-45

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NWhoJp8UQpo

UTP Cable Splice

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KordH4YH1CI
Fiber Optic Cable
 This cable consists of a core, cladding, buffer, and
jacket. The core is made from thin strands of
glass or plastic that can carry data over a long
distance.
 The core is wrapped in the cladding; the cladding
is wrapped in the buffer, and the buffer is
wrapped in the jacket.
 Fiber optic cable is completely immune to EMI
and RFI. This cable can transmit data over a long
distance at the highest speed. It can transmit
data up to 40 kilometers at the speed of 100Gbps.
Fiber Optic Cable Splicing - Tools

 Fusion Splicing
 Welded two fiber ends with
machine

 Mechanical Splicing

 Heat Shrink Tubing

 protect the splice cable from
breaking
Install connector in fiber
optic cable

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W7d0B_jC6tA