1st page- Coverpage

2nd page- Certificate

3rd page- Acknowledgement
4th page- Index
5th page-
Background
Objectives
Application

https://byjus.com/maths/cramers-rule/
https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/engineering/engineering-mathematics/cramers-rule/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_theorem#History
https://unacademy.com/content/cat/study-material/mathematics/how-binomial-theorem-is-used-in-
real-life-situations/#:~:text=The%20binomial%20theorem%20can%20be,also%20known%20as
%20Economic%20Forecasting.

ABSTRACT
This project aims to shed light on the pervasive applications of algebra in various real-world scenarios.
By providing concrete examples and real-life situations, this project demonstrates the versatility of
algebra in simplifying complex problems. This project gives an explanation of Cramer’s rule and Binomial
theorem which are theorems of algebra which helps to explain various concepts.

INTRODUCTION
Algebra is one of the oldest branches in the history of mathematics that deals with number theory,
geometry, and analysis. The definition of algebra sometimes states that the study of the mathematical
symbols and the rules involves manipulating these mathematical symbols. Algebra helps solve the
mathematical equations and allows to derive unknown quantities, like the bank interest, proportions,
and percentages. The algebraic formulas are used in our daily lives to find the distance and volume of
containers and figure out the sales prices as and when needed.

Elementary algebra is the most basic form of algebra. In arithmetic, only numbers and their arithmetical
operations (such as +, −, ×, ÷) occur. In algebra, numbers are often represented by symbols called
variables (such as a, n, x, y or z). This is useful because:

 It allows the general formulation of arithmetical laws (such as a + b = b + a for all a and b), and
thus is the first step to a systematic exploration of the properties of the real number system.
 It allows the reference to "unknown" numbers, the formulation of equations and the study of
how to solve these.
 It allows the formulation of functional relationships. (For instance, "If you sell x tickets, then
your profit will be 3x − 10 dollars, or f(x) = 3x − 10, where f is the function, and x is the number
to which the function is applied".)

Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations. Linear algebra is fundamental
in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and
rotations.
Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering, because it allows modelling many
natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot
be modelled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the
fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates
the function near that point.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The main objective of this project is to explain algebra and its applications in day to day life. The aim of
this project is to explain Cramer’s rule and Binomial Theorem with the help of examples and its
application in daily life.

Cramer’s rule
In linear algebra, Cramer’s rule is a specific formula used for solving a system of linear equations
containing as many equations as unknowns, efficient whenever the system of equations has a unique
solution. This rule is named after Gabriel Cramer (1704–1752), who published the rule for an arbitrary
number of unknowns in 1750.

Cramer’s Rule Definition

Cramer’s rule is one of the important methods applied to solve a system of equations. In this method,
the values of the variables in the system are to be calculated using the determinants of matrices. Thus,
Cramer’s rule is also known as the determinant method.

Cramer’s Rule Formula

Cramer’s Rule 2×2
Cramer’s Rule Example – 2×2
Cramer’s Rule 3×3
Cramer’s Rule Example – 3×3

Cramer’s Rule Conditions

There are certain conditions to applying Cramer’s rule for solving the given system of equations. Some of
them include the following:
Cramer’s rule fails for the system of equations in which D = 0 since for finding the values of unknowns, D
must be in the denominator and hence these values go undefined.
Also, when D = 0, there will be two possibilities for which: The system may have no solution.
The system may have an infinite number of solutions.

From this, we can say that at least one of the numerator determinants is a 0 (that means infinitely many
solutions) or none of the numerator determinants is 0 (that means no solution)

If D ≠ 0, we say that the system AX = B has a unique solution.

Thus, Cramer’s rule helps us determine whether the given system has “no solution” or “infinite number
of solutions”, using the determinants we calculate to apply the rule.

Cramer's rule is not just a concept confined to the realm of academic textbooks. In Electrical
Engineering, the rule is integrated into circuit analysis. Here, linear equations are formidably frequent.
The components like resistors, capacitors and inductors can be represented by linear equations which
are then solved using Cramer's rule to find currents, voltage droops, etc. In Structural Engineering, stress
and strain analysis projects often use this rule. The trusses and frames, when exposed to forces, result in
systems of equilibrium equations. By employing Cramer's Rule, on these equations one can determine
the forces in members, the reaction forces and the deformations under load conditions. The field of
Fluid Dynamics further broadens the application spectrum of Cramer's Rule. The fluid movement,
rotating machinery dynamics, fluid-structure interactions, all can be explained with relevant
mathematical models, which essentially includes systems of linear equations. Cramer's Rule paves the
way for untangling these models and find desirable quantities. Unexpectedly, Cramer's Rule finds its use
in Computer Graphics as well. To transform objects in the two or three-dimensional plane, the
coordinates pass through a series of linear transformations, forming system of linear equations.
Processing these equations via Cramer's Rule provides the transformed coordinates. Lastly, the field of
Cryptography also relies on Cramer's rule. For encryption and decryption purposes, key matrices come
on to the scene which are manipulated and solved using Cramer's Rule.

In Electrical Engineering, the components like resistors, capacitors and inductors can be represented by
linear equations which are then solved using Cramer's rule to find currents, voltage droops, etc. In Fluid
Dynamics, the fluid movement, rotating machinery dynamics, and fluid-structure interactions, all can be
explained with relevant mathematical models, which essentially include systems of linear equations. In
Computer Graphics, to transform objects in the two or three-dimensional plane, the coordinates pass
through a series of linear transformations, forming a system of linear equations. Processing these
equations via Cramer's Rule provides the transformed coordinates. In Cryptography, for encryption and
decryption purposes, key matrices come onto the scene which are manipulated and solved using
Cramer's Rule.

Detailed Cramer's Rule Example in Application

Binomial theorem

The binomial theorem is the method of expanding an expression that has been raised to any finite
power. A binomial theorem is a powerful tool of expansion which has applications in Algebra,
probability, etc.

Statement
Examples Pascal’s triangle
Geometric explanation
Binomial coefficients
Applications

In Statistical and Probability Analysis, the binomial theorem is commonly utilized. It is really beneficial
because our economy is based on statistical and probability analysis. The Binomial Theorem is used in
advanced mathematics and calculating to determine the roots of equations in higher powers. It’s also
used to prove a lot of important physics and math equations. Weather forecast services, architecture,
and cost estimation in engineering projects.

Economy
The impact of the economy can be calculated using the binomial mathematical theorem. The binomial
theorem can be used to forecast how a country’s economy will perform in the near future. It is quite
valuable in terms of making accurate economic forecasts. Because we are anticipating the future state
of the economy based on present facts and insights, this research is also known as Economic
Forecasting.

Ranking
The binomial theorem is used to determine scores and ranks when you take an exam and wait for the
results so you can get into the college of your choosing or obtain a scholarship for your study. The
binomial theorem is also used to compute the various national rankings we get based on various
indexes. So, the next time you see a ranking based on specific measures or parameters, you can be
confident that the binomial theorem is being used.

Internet protocol (IP)

The power of the binomial theorem may simply be used to generate and distribute IP addresses to an
ever-increasing number of electronic devices, which have grown tremendously in the last decade thanks
to the boom in businesses such as the Internet of Things.

How is binomial theorem used in forecasting?

Binomial theorem is essential for forecasting and understanding weather trends. We can use the
existing data to forecast the weather for the next few days. We don’t normally go on vacations if the
weather prediction predicts rain, demonstrating how important such concepts are in our daily lives. The
binomial theorem can also be used to forecast impending disasters. We can save a lot of people’s lives
from calamities like tsunamis and cyclones.

CONCLUSION
Algebraic concepts, such as equations, inequalities, and functions, are not merely abstract mathematical
principles but powerful tools that empower us to solve real-world problems, make informed decisions,
and enhance our quality of life. Cramer's Rule, which provides a method for solving systems of linear
equations, has proven to be a valuable asset in various fields, such as physics, engineering, economics,
and computer science. Its ability to find unique solutions to complex equations by employing
determinants offers a systematic and reliable approach for problem-solving.
The Binomial Theorem is a versatile tool for expanding binomial expressions and simplifying
combinatorial problems. Its applications are diverse, from probability and statistics to algebraic
manipulations. The theorem's capacity to calculate the coefficients of binomial expansions, and its
ability to approximate mathematical functions, make it a crucial component in various mathematical and
scientific disciplines.