15 May Weekly Vocabulary Compilation Part

May 21, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM
English Madhyam
(Weekly vocabulary compilation)
From 15 May 2023 to 20 May 2023
For all competitive Exams

Bank (Po & clerk), IB ACIO, NDA, CDS, SSC (CGL, MTS, CHSL), MBA, Hotel Management, MCA, UPSC,
B. Ed and other competitive exams.
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Note: Reading Daily editorials are more important than mugging up vocabulary. So, Must Read
editorial on daily basis, which is the best way to cover comprehensive English Subject ranging from
vocabulary to reading skill
English Madhyam 1
Table of Contents
Part - A
The Hindu Editorial - Welcome Initiative (15 May 2023)..................................................................... 4
The Hindu Editorial – Statistical Succour (16 May 2023) ..................................................................... 6
The Hindu Editorial – Safety, in the line of duty (17 May 2023) ........................................................ 9
The Hindu Editorial – Tripping trade (18 May 2023) ......................................................................... 12
The Hindu Editorial – Timely caution (19 May 2023) ......................................................................... 15
The Hindu Editorial – Warming warning (20 May 2023) .................................................................. 18
Part - B
The Pioneer Editorial – Digital disruptions (15 May 2023) .............................................................. 21
The Pioneer Editorial – Agritech farm inputs (16 May 2023) .......................................................... 24
Indian Express editorial – The Capex cycle (17 May 2023) .............................................................. 28
The Hitavada editorial – India’s neutral position (18 May 2023) ................................................... 32
The Pioneer Editorial – Skilled artisans (19 May 2023) ..................................................................... 36
The Pioneer – The Dilemma of truths & half truths (20 May 2023) .............................................. 38
Part - C
Economic times editorial – SUVs, Height of sales (15 May 2023) ................................................... 43
Business Line Editorial – A leg-up for start-ups (17 May 2023) ..................................................... 45
Indian Express Editorial – The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (19 May 2023) ................... 48
Indian Express – 20 Per cent tax on credit card spending (20 April 2023) ................................ 51
English Madhyam 2
English Madhyam 3
The Hindu Editorial - Welcome Initiative (15 May 2023)
1. Collaboration (noun) – Association, 13. Outcome (noun) – Result, consequence,

alliance, cooperation, teamwork, upshot, effect पररणाि
partnership सहयोग
14. Integrated (adjective) – Combined, unified,
2. Validation (noun) – Confirmation, amalgamated, incorporated,
verification, substantiation, corroboration, interconnected एकीकृत
endorsement पुष्टिकरण
15. Encouraging (adjective) – Inspiring,
3. Join hands (phrase) – Collaborate, heartening, cheering, reassuring, boosting
cooperate, work together, unite, team up उम्िेद ददलानेिाला
हाथ मिलाना
16. Intervention (noun) – Involvement,
4. Undertake (verb) – Embark on, take up, interference, mediation, intercession
shoulder, begin, start शुरू करना हस्तक्षेप
5. Decade (noun) – Ten years, tenner दशक 17. Evaluate (verb) – Assess, appraise, judge,
review िूलयाांकन करना
6. Eminent (adjective) – Distinguished,
renowned, notable, prominent विमशटि 18. Effectiveness (noun) – Efficacy, potency,
power, success काययक्षिता
7. Make sense (phrase) – be intelligible,
justifiable, or practicable. उचित होना 19. Mechanism (noun) – Procedure, process,
method, system तांत्र
8. Rope in (phrasal verb) – Engage, involve,
recruit, enlist शामिल करना 20. Ambit (noun) – Scope, range, extent, reach
दायरा
9. To begin with (phrase) – Firstly, initially, to
start सबसे पहले 21. Right away (phrase) – Immediately,
instantly, promptly, without delay तुरांत
10. Arm (noun) – Branch, division,
department, section शाखा 22. Limitation (noun) – Restriction, constraint,
restraint, hindrance, impediment बाधा,
11. Validate (verb) – Confirm, substantiate,
रुकािि
verify, prove सत्यावपत करना
23. Meaningless (adjective) – Senseless,
12. Superiority (noun) – Supremacy,
nonsensical, pointless, futile तकयहीन
preeminence, dominance, ascendancy
श्रेटठता
English Madhyam 4
24. Expertise (noun) – Proficiency, skill, 30. Bane (noun) – Curse, blight, scourge,
mastery, knowledge, competence affliction, plague अमिशाप
विशेषज्ञता
31. Large-scale (adjective) – Extensive, broad,
25. Overcome (verb) – Conquer, triumph over, wide-ranging, comprehensive, grand
prevail over, get the better of को दरू करना व्यापक
26. Obstacle (noun) – Hindrance, obstruction, 32. Address (verb) – Tackle, deal with,
impediment, barrier बाधा confront, attend to, handle सिस्या का
सािना करना
27. Anecdotal (adjective) – Unscientific,
informal, unreliable, based on personal 33. Shortcoming (noun) – Flaw, defect, failing,
accounts
weakness, limitation किी/ दोष
28. Stand-alone (adjective) – Independent,
34. A step in the right direction (phrase) –
separate, self-contained स्ितांत्र
Progress, advancement, improvement,
29. Adjunct (noun) – Addition, supplement, development, enhancement सही ददशा िें
appendage, accessory सहायक कदि
English Madhyam 5
The Hindu Editorial – Statistical Succour (16 May 2023)
1. Statistical (adjective) – relating to the 10. Aid (verb) – to provide help, support or
use of statistics. साांष्ययकीय assistance. िदद करना
2. Succour (noun) – Help, aid, assistance, 11. In no small measure (phrase) –

support, relief, comfort राहत/ सहायता significantly or to a great extent. काफी
हद तक
3. Consumer price index (CPI) (noun) – a
measure of the average change
12. Hit (verb) – Reach, attain, gain,
overtime in the prices paid by urban
achieve, पहुुँिना
consumers for a market basket of
consumer goods and services. 13. Headline (adjective) – in this context, it
4. Policymaker (noun) – an individual means principal or most important.
involved in creating plans or strategies, प्रिख
ु
usually within a political setting.
14. Cool (verb) – Wane, abate, dampen,
नीतततनिायता
decrease कि करना
5. Drop one’s guard (phrase) – to become
15. Basis point (noun) – 100 basis point =
less vigilant or cautious. कि सतकय रहना
1%
6. Inflation (noun) – the rate at which the 16. Provisional (adjective) – temporary or
general level of prices for goods and
conditional. अस्थायी
services is rising. िुद्रास्फीतत
17. Quickening (noun) – the process of
7. Reading (noun) – in this context, it making something move or happen
means an indication or measurement
faster. तीव्रता
of something. िापन
18. On the back of (phrase) – as a result of.
8. Retail inflation (noun) – an increase in
के पररणािस्िरूप
the cost of goods and services sold to
consumers. खद
ु रा िुद्रास्फीतत 19. Softening (noun) – Alleviating,
lessening, reducing, diminishing,
9. Brake (verb) – to slow down or stop.
mitigating, किी
रोकना
20. Ease (verb) – Relax, lessen, alleviate,
mitigate, lighten, कि करना
English Madhyam 6
21. Lockstep (noun) – Coordination, 31. Register (verb) – Record, note,

synchronization, harmony, unison, document, report, mark, दजय करना
tandem, सिन्िय
32. Surge (verb) – Increase, rise, escalate,
22. Slide (verb) – Decline, fall, drop, grow, expand, बढ़ना
decrease, diminish, घिना
33. Concern (noun) – Worry, anxiety,
23. Vital (adjective) – Essential, crucial, apprehension, unease, distress, चिांता
critical, important, necessary, आिश्यक
34. Confectionery (noun) – sweets and
24. Deflation (noun) – Decrease, chocolates considered collectively.
reduction, decline, contraction, fall, मिटठान्न, मिठाई
किी
35. Acceleration (noun) – Increase,
25. Widening (noun) – Expansion, escalation, expansion, amplification,
enlargement, extension, broadening, boost, तेजी
spread, विस्तार
36. Tighten (verb) – Strengthen, secure,
26. Weight (noun) – Importance, firm up, fortify, reinforce, िजबत
ू करना
significance, value, consequence,
influence, िहत्ि 37. Monitoring (noun) – Observation,
scrutiny, supervision, surveillance,
27. Preceding (adjective) – Previous, prior, inspection, तनगरानी
earlier, foregoing, antecedent, पूिय
38. Head off (phrasal verb) – Avert,
28. Accelerate (verb) – Hasten, speed up, prevent, stop, avoid, stave off, रोकना
expedite, quicken, stimulate, तेज करना,
39. Hoard (verb) – Accumulate, gather,
बढ़ना
collect, amass, stockpile, इकट्ठा करना
29. Sequentially (adverb) – Consecutively,
40. Push up (phrasal verb) – Increase,
successively, in order, subsequently,
raise, boost, elevate, enhance, बढ़ाना
progressively, क्रिबद्ध रूप से
41. Reportedly (adverb) – Allegedly,
30. Deflationary (adjective) – Contracting,
supposedly, apparently, purportedly,
reducing, declining, diminishing,
seemingly, कचथत रूप से
decreasing, सांकुिनात्िक
English Madhyam 7
42. Mull (verb) – Consider, contemplate, 50. Loom (verb) – Emerge, appear, become
ponder, reflect, deliberate, वििार करना visible, come into view, materialize,
प्रकि होना, िांडराना
43. Curb (noun) – Restraint, check, control,
limit, restriction, तनयांत्रण 51. Outlook (noun) – Perspective,
viewpoint, attitude, stance, approach,
44. Amid (preposition) – Among, in the दृष्टिकोण
midst of, surrounded by, amongst, in
the middle of, के बीि िें 52. Heightening (adjective) – Intensifying,
increasing, escalating, enhancing,
45. Base effect (noun) – the impact that amplifying, बढ़ते
selecting a different reference point for
a comparison between two data points 53. Prospect (noun) – Possibility,
can have on the comparison's likelihood, potential, expectation,
outcome. anticipation, सांिािना
46. Upper tolerance threshold (noun) –

54. El Nino (noun) – A climatic
Maximum allowable limit, highest
phenomenon, a weather pattern, an
acceptable level, peak tolerance limit,
atmospheric event, climate anomaly,
top acceptance boundary, maximum
weather irregularity
endurance limit, अचधकति सहनीय
55. Forebode (verb) – Predict, forecast,
सीिा
foresee, anticipate, prophesy,
47. Room (noun) – Space, capacity, place, िविटयिाणी करना
area, scope, गांज
ु ाइश
56. Erratic (adjective) – Unpredictable,
inconsistent, irregular, unstable,
48. Complacency (noun) – Self-satisfaction,
smugness, self-approval, self- changeable, अतनयमित/ अतनष्श्ित
admiration, self-contentment, आत्ि-
57. Deficient (adjective) – Insufficient,
सांतुष्टि inadequate, lacking, wanting, scant,
किी
49. Flag (verb) – Signal, indicate, point out,
highlight, draw attention to, सांकेत 58. Ill afford (phrase) – Barely manage,
करना hardly bear, scarcely handle, just
tolerate, barely sustain, सािर्थयय नहीां
होना
English Madhyam 8
The Hindu Editorial – Safety, in the line of duty (17 May 2023)
1. In the line of duty (phrase) – while 11. Defence (noun) – Protection, shield,
doing one's job अपना काि करते सिय safeguard, security रक्षा
2. Extended (adjective) – Protracted, 12. Essential (adjective) – Necessary,

long, prolonged, stretched बढ़ाया हुआ indispensable, crucial, vital आिश्यक
3. Longevity (noun) – Lifespan, 13. Intervention (noun) – Involvement,

endurance, durability, life duration, interference, intrusion, mediation
survival दीघाययु हस्तक्षेप
4. Enhanced (adjective) – Improved, 14. Inebriated (adjective) – Drunk,

increased, augmented, amplified intoxicated, tipsy, under the influence
सुधारा हुआ नशे िें
5. In ways (phrase) – to a certain extent 15. Condemn (verb) – Denounce, criticize,

िायनों िें censure, rebuke तनांदा करना
6. Lose someone to something (phrase) 16. Urge (verb) – Encourage, push,

– experience death of someone persuade, prompt प्रेररत करना
because of something. ककसी िीज के
17. Ensure (verb) – Guarantee, assure,
कारण ककसी की ित्ृ यु होना
confirm, make certain सतु नष्श्ित करना
7. Dear (noun) – Beloved, cherished,
18. Outlier (noun) – Exception, anomaly,
treasured, precious प्यारा
abnormality, deviant अपिाद
8. Disbelief (noun) – Doubt, skepticism,
19. in terms of (phrase) – With regard to,
incredulity, distrust अविश्िास
concerning, regarding के सांदिय िें
9. Unleash (verb) – to let happen or
20. Replete (with) (adjective) – Full of,
begin something powerful that, once
filled with, abundant, brimming with
begun, cannot be controlled प्रारां ि होना
से िरा हुआ
10. Fortify (verb) – Strengthen, reinforce,
21. Instance (noun) – Example,
bolster, toughen िजबूत करना
occurrence, case, illustration उदाहरण
English Madhyam 9
22. Co-ordinated (adjective) – Organized, 33. Amendment (noun) – Modification,

arranged, structured, systematized alteration, change, revision सांशोधन
सिष्न्ित
34. Progressive (adjective) – Advanced,
23. Assault (noun) – Attack, aggression, forward-looking, forward-thinking,
violence, onslaught हिला modern प्रगततशील
24. Irate (adjective) – Angry, enraged, 35. Purview (noun) – Range, scope,
furious, incensed क्रुद्ध extent, reach दायरे
25. Attendee (noun) – Participant, visitor, 36. Term (noun) – Period, time, duration,
guest, attendee उपष्स्थत व्यष्तत tenure अिचध
26. Outcome (noun) – Result, 37. Hefty (adjective) – Large, substantial,

consequence, end result, effect considerable, significant िारी (जि
ु ायना)
पररणाि
38. Propose (verb) – Suggest, put forward,
27. Unlike (adjective) – Dissimilar, offer, present प्रस्तावित करना
different, distinct, divergent असिान
39. Time-bound (adjective) – Scheduled,
28. battle (verb) – Fight, combat, struggle, timed, limited by a fixed time
contend युद्ध करना, लड़ना सियबद्ध
29. Sign up (phrasal verb) – commit 40. Speedy (adjective) – Quick, fast, rapid,
oneself to a period of employment, swift शीघ्र
education, or in the armed forces.
नौकरी शुरू करना 41. Disposal (noun) – Getting rid of,
discarding, removal, clearance तनपिान
30. Shield (verb) – Protect, guard,
safeguard, defend, secure बिाना 42. Designate (verb) – Appoint, nominate,
name, select नामित करना
31. Abuse (noun) – Mistreatment,
exploitation, misuse, harm, insult 43. Deal with (phrasal verb) – Handle,
दव्ु ययिहार manage, cope with, confront से
तनपिना
32. Verbal (adjective) – Oral, spoken,
uttered, said िौखखक 44. On similar lines (phrase) – In a similar
way, likewise, similarly इसी तजय पर
English Madhyam 10
45. Potent (adjective) – Powerful, strong, 52. Prevail (verb) – Win, triumph,
forceful, effective शष्ततशाली succeed, dominate प्रबल होना
46. Promote (verb) – Encourage, support, 53. Prudent (adjective) – Wise, sensible,
foster, advance बढ़ािा दे ना judicious, cautious वििेकी
47. Deterrence (noun) – Discouragement, 54. For instance (phrase) – For example,
disincentive, dissuasion अिरोध as an example, such as उदाहरण के मलए
48. Drive home (phrase) – o make 55. Unfortunate (adjective) – Unlucky,

something completely clear स्पटि adverse, regrettable, tragic,
unfavorable दि
ु ायग्यपूणय
करना
56. Snuff out (phrasal verb) – Extinguish,

49. Commitment (noun) – Dedication,
eliminate, put an end to, wipe out,
devotion, allegiance, loyalty
quash अांत करना
प्रततबद्धता
57. Hardly (adverb) – Scarcely, barely,

50. Sagacity (noun) – Wisdom,
intelligence, insight, understanding rarely, seldom, not quite िष्ु श्कल से
बुद्चधित्ता
58. Sacrifice (noun) – Offering, forfeiture,
51. Unlikely (adjective) – Improbable, renunciation, surrender, loss बमलदान
doubtful, dubious, questionable
59. At the altar of (phrase) – In the name
सांिािना नहीां
of, for the sake of, in order to achieve
के नाि पर
English Madhyam 11
The Hindu Editorial – Tripping trade (18 May 2023)
1. Tripping (adjective) – Stumbling, slipping, 12. Outbound shipment (noun) – Export

tumbling, faltering, lurching डगिगाता तनयायततत िाल
2. Stance (noun) – Position, standpoint, 13. Successive (adjective) – Consecutive,

perspective, viewpoint, posture दृष्टिकोण sequential, following, subsequent, ensuing
क्रमिक
3. Rely (on) (verb) – Depend on, count on,
trust in, lean on, bank on तनियर करना 14. Contraction (noun) – Reduction, decrease,
decline, shrinkage, diminution किौती/
4. Opt (verb) – Choose, select, decide, pick,
घिाि
elect िन
ु ना
15. Shrink (verb) – Contract, reduce, diminish,
5. Integration (noun) – Incorporation,
decrease, lessen कि होना
amalgamation, unification, merging,
combination सिादहत करना 16. Hurt (verb) – Damage, harm, injure,
wound, impair िोि पहुांिाना
6. Global value chain (noun) – International
trade system, worldwide commerce
17. Estimate (noun) – Approximation,
network, global economic linkages िैष्श्िक assessment, evaluation, guess, conjecture
िूलय श्रख
ां ृ ला अनुिान
7. Financial year (noun) – The period 18. Signal (verb) – Indicate, suggest, hint,
between 01 April to 31 March वित्तीय िषय imply, signify सांकेत दे ना
8. Off to a start (phrase) – used for saying 19. Shift (noun) – Change, alteration,
how something begins modification, transformation पररितयन
9. Subdued (adjective) – Restrained, low-key,

20. Sequential (adjective) – Consecutive,
muted, toned down, understated दबा हुआ successive, following, in order, serial
आनक्र
ु मिक
10. Front (noun) – a particular area of activity
िोिाय 21. Momentum (noun) – Impetus, force,
power, energy, drive गतत
11. Slump (verb) – Decline, fall, drop,
decrease, plummet चगरािि
English Madhyam 12
22. Akin (to) (adjective) – Similar to, like, 34. Policymaker (noun) – Lawmaker,
comparable to, equivalent to, analogous to legislator, decision-maker, regulator
के सिान नीतततनिायता
23. Lingering (adjective) – Lasting, enduring, 35. Proclaimed (adjective) – Announced,

persistent, prolonged, continuing लांबे सिय declared, stated, pronounced घोवषत
तक ठहरने िाला
36. Insulation (noun) – Protection, safeguard,
24. Enunciate (verb) – Pronounce, articulate, shield, defense, barrier सरु क्षा
express, state, declare स्पटि व्यतत करना
37. Headwinds (noun) – Opposition,
resistance, setback, obstacle, hindrance
25. Shakier (adjective) – Unsteady, unstable,
प्रततकूल पररष्स्थततयाां
wobbly, insecure, shaky अष्स्थर
38. Ebb (verb) – Recede, retreat, withdraw,

26. Prospect (noun) – Possibility, likelihood,
wane, diminish कि होना
potential, chance, expectation सांिािना
39. Moreover (adverb) – Furthermore, in

27. Lift (verb) – Raise, elevate, hoist, uplift,
addition, besides, also, additionally इसके
boost बढ़ाना
अलािा
28. Replicate (verb) – Duplicate, reproduce,
copy, mirror, repeat दोहराना 40. Slip (verb) – Slide, glide, skid, stumble,
tumble कफसलना, चगर पड़ना
29. Bleak (adjective) – Grim, desolate, dismal,
discouraging, depressing धमू िल 41. Mark (verb) – Indicate, denote, signify,
signal, show चिष्न्हत करना
30. Draw (verb) – Extract, derive, pull, obtain,
elicit तनकालना 42. Cool (verb) – Diminish, lessen, reduce,
decrease, dwindle घिना
31. Succour (noun) – Aid, assistance, support,
relief, help सहायता 43. Concede (verb) – Admit, acknowledge,
accept, recognize, grant िानना
32. Trade deficit (noun) – a situation in which
the value of goods a country imports is 44. Respite (noun) – Break, pause, interval,
greater than the value of goods it exports relief, rest राहत
33. Ease (verb) – Lessen, alleviate, reduce,

45. Likely (adjective) – Probable, possible,
relieve, lighten कि करना
plausible, feasible, expected सांिाव्य
English Madhyam 13
46. Faltering (adjective) – Hesitant, uncertain, 54. Turmoil (noun) – Chaos, confusion,
unsure, doubtful, wavering डगिगाता upheaval, disorder, tumult उथल-पथ
ु ल
47. Prompt (verb) – Encourage, cause, lead to, 55. Slack (adjective) – Loose, lax, relaxed,
result in, stimulate प्रेररत करना unstrained, मशचथल
48. Forecast (noun) – Prediction, projection, 56. Reliance (noun) – Dependence, trust,
outlook, estimation, anticipation अनि
ु ान confidence, assurance, faith तनियरता
49. Hike (noun) – Increase, rise, boost, 57. Pursue (verb) – Follow, chase, seek, strive
increment, elevation बढ़ोतरी for, go after पीछा करना
50. WTO (noun) – The World Trade 58. Multilateral (adjective) – Many-sided,
Organization (WTO) is the only global multi-party, collective, cooperative
international organization dealing with the बहुपक्षीय
rules of trade between nations.
59. Arrangement (noun) – Plan, preparation,
51. Underwhelming (adjective) –
organization, setup, provision व्यिस्था
Unimpressive, lackluster, disappointing,
unsatisfying, mediocre असांतोषजनक 60. Yield (verb) – Produce, generate, give,
provide, deliver उत्पन ्न करना
52. Reluctant (adjective) – Unwilling, hesitant,
disinclined, loath, averse अतनच्छुक 61. Outcome (noun) – Result, consequence,
effect, end result, aftermath पररणाि
53. Hold up (phrasal verb) – Sustain, maintain,
persevere, continue, endure बनाए रखना 62. Hold down (phrasal verb) – Restrain,
control, limit, keep in check, regulate
तनयांत्रत्रत करना
English Madhyam 14
The Hindu Editorial – Timely caution (19 May 2023)
1. Exhortation (noun) – Appeal, urging, through a complex sequence of

call, advice, counsel उपदे श banking transfers or commercial
transactions. काले धन को िैध बनाना
2. Caution (verb) – Warn, advise, alert,
forewarn, notify सतकय करना 12. Aspect (noun) – Feature, facet,
element, dimension पहलू
3. Probe (noun) – Investigation, inquiry,
examination, inspection, review जाांि 13. Alleged (adjective) – Supposed,
assumed, presumed, professed कचथत
4. Atmosphere (noun) – Environment,
ambience, milieu, aura, climate िाहौल 14. Liquor (noun) – Alcohol, spirits, booze,
drink शराब
5. Temper (verb) – Moderate, restrain,
control, regulate, soften कि करना, शाांत 15. Scandal (noun) – Controversy, disgrace,
outrage, offence घोिाला
करना
16. Bench (noun) – In this context, it refers

6. Zeal (noun) – Passion, enthusiasm,
to a panel of judges in a law court.
ardor, fervor, fire उत्साह
न्यातयक पीठ
7. Allegation (noun) – Accusation, charge,
17. Pertinent (adjective) – Relevant,
claim, assertion, complaint आरोप
applicable, appropriate, suitable
8. Regime (noun) – Administration, प्रासांचगक
government, ruling body, authority
18. Bona fide (adjective) – Genuine, real,
शासन
authentic, legitimate असली
9. Harass (verb) – Persecute, oppress,
19. Cause (noun) – Reason, basis, grounds
hassle, bother, torment सताना
कारण
10. In the name of (phrase) – On behalf of,
20. Seem (verb) – Appear, look, give the
as a representative of, under the guise
impression प्रतीत होना
of के नाि पर
21. Suspect (adjective) – Doubtful,

11. Money-laundering (noun) – The illegal
dubious, questionable, fishy, shady
process of concealing the origins of
money obtained illegally by passing it सांददग्ध
English Madhyam 15
22. Observation (noun) – Notice, remark, 32. Summon (verb) – Call, order,
comment, statement, note दिप्पणी command, require बल
ु ाना
23. Caution (noun) – Warning, advise, 33. Imprison (verb) – Jail, incarcerate,
counsel, alert, heed िेतािनी detain, confine कैद करना
24. Transgress (verb) – Violate, infringe, 34. Level (verb) – direct (a criticism or
breach, overstep, trespass उललांघन accusation). लगाना (आरोप)
करना
35. Run amok (phrase) – Go wild, lose
control, become uncontrollable
25. Let (verb) – Allow, permit, grant, give
अतनयांत्रत्रत होना
leave to, authorize होने दे ना
36. Threaten (verb) – Warn, intimidate,

26. Perception (noun) – Understanding,
apprehension, comprehension, terrorize, menace धिकी दे ना
awareness, grasp धारणा
37. In a bid to (phrase) – In an attempt to,
27. Gain ground (phrase) – become more in an effort to, in order to प्रयास िें
popular or accepted. प्रगतत करना
38. Core (adjective) – Fundamental,
28. Go to any length (phrase) – Do central, key, basic िुयय
whatever it takes, make every possible
39. Adversary (noun) – Opponent, rival,
effort, spare no effort ककसी िी हद तक
enemy, antagonist विरोधी
जाना
40. Adverse (adjective) – Unfavorable,
29. Implicate (verb) – Involve, entangle,
negative, detrimental, harmful प्रततकूल
incriminate, ensnare फांसाना
41. Concern (verb) – Worry, trouble,
30. Given (preposition) – Considering,
disturb, upset, चिांततत करना
bearing in mind, keeping in mind, in
view of दे खते हुए 42. Politicisation (noun) – The act of
making something political, turning
31. Rule (verb) – Govern, control, into a political issue, politicking
dominate, manage, oversee शासन राजनीततकरण
करना
43. Witch-hunt (noun) – an intensive
inquiry, originally or purportedly to
English Madhyam 16
discover and expose dishonesty, 52. Expansive (adjective) – Wide-ranging,

subversion, or other wrongdoing, डायन comprehensive, extensive, broad
व्यापक
खोज
53. Payoffs (noun) – Benefits, returns,

44. Offence (noun) – Crime, violation,
gains, rewards लाि
breach, misdemeanor अपराध
54. Money trail (noun) – Financial

45. Over and above (phrase) – In addition
transactions history, paper trail,
to, besides, beyond के अततररतत
documentation of financial activities
46. Hold office (phrase) – To be in a धन की गततविचध का इततहास
position of authority, to serve in an
55. Thanks to (phrase) – Because of, due
official capacity पदधारी होना
to, owing to की िजह से
47. Uncover (verb) – Reveal, disclose,
56. Govern (verb) – Rule, control, manage,
expose, bring to light पता लगाना
supervise को तनयांत्रत्रत करना
48. Follow closely on the heels of (phrase)
57. Assure (verb) – Guarantee, promise,
– To happen immediately after
ensure, confirm आश्िस्त करना
something, pursue closely के तत्पश्िात
घदित होना 58. Often (adverb) – Frequently, regularly,
commonly, usually अतसर
49. Stringent (adjective) – Strict, firm,
rigorous, severe कठोर 59. Unlikely (adjective) – Improbable,
doubtful, questionable, implausible
50. Executor (noun) – Administrator,
असांिाव्य
manager, supervisor, overseer प्रबांधक
60. In the backdrop of (phrase) – Against
51. Cautious (adjective) – Careful, prudent, the background of, in the context of, in
circumspect, wary सतकय the light of के के सांदिय िें
English Madhyam 17
The Hindu Editorial – Warming warning (20 May 2023)
1. World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) guidance to the United Nations Framework

(noun) – an intergovernmental organization Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
with a membership of 193 Member States and Paris Agreement.
and Territories. It originated from the
11. Unbreached (adjective) – Unbroken, intact,
International Meteorological Organization
(IMO), the roots of which were planted at undamaged अखांड
the 1873 Vienna International
12. Disastrous (adjective) – Devastating,
Meteorological Congress.
harmful, damaging, catastrophic विनाशकारी
2. Projection (noun) – Forecast, plan,
prognosis, prediction, estimate पूिायनुिान 13. Consequence (noun) – Result, outcome,
effect, aftermath पररणाि
3. Infrastructure (noun) – Framework,
structure, foundation, base, system सांरिना 14. Global warming (noun) – A long-term
increase in Earth's average temperature
4. Boost (verb) – Enhance, uplift, increase, िैष्श्िक तापिान िद्
ृ चध
raise, promote बढ़ािा दे ना
15. Summit (noun) – Meeting, conference,
5. Disaster (noun) – Catastrophe, tragedy, gathering मशखर सम्िेलन
calamity, mishap, misfortune आपदा
16. In agreement (phrase) – In concurrence, in
6. Decade (noun) – Ten years, tenner दशक accordance, like-minded, in accord सहित
7. Prognosis (noun) – Outlook, forecast, 17. Consistent (adjective) – Steady, stable,

prediction, anticipation िविटयिाणी constant, regular तनरां तर
8. Unlikely (adjective) – Improbable, doubtful, 18. Rubicon (noun) – Point of no return, a limit
not likely असांिाव्य that when passed or exceeded permits of
no return तनियति
य ान सीिा
9. Threshold (noun) – Limit, boundary,
borderline, brink सीिा 19. Poise (to) (verb) – be ready and prepared to
do something. तैयार होना
10. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) (noun) – the leading 20. Globe (noun) – Earth पर्थ
ृ िी
international body for assessment of
climate change. It is a key source of 21. Century (noun) – 100 years शताब्दी
scientific information and technical
English Madhyam 18
22. Likely (adjective) – Probable, possible, likely 32. Wrought (verb) – Do, perform, bring about,
to happen सांिाव्य cause घदित करना
23. On fire (phrase) – Burning, aflame, blazing 33. Severe (adjective) – Extreme, intense,
आग पर serious, harsh कठोर
24. El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) (noun) 34. End up (phrasal verb) – Culminate, result,
– a recurring climate pattern involving lead, finish up अांत िें होना
changes in the temperature of waters in the
central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. 35. Estimate (verb) – Guess, gauge, calculate,
reckon, judge अनुिान लगाना
25. Brace (for) (verb) – Prepare, gear up, get
ready, steel oneself तैयार होना 36. Input (noun) – a contribution of work or
information.
26. Human-induced (adjective) – Man-made,
anthropogenic, human-caused, human- 37. Rain-fed (adjective) – Rain-dependent,
generated िानि तनमियत pluviometric, reliant on precipitation बाररश
पर तनियर
27. Uncharted (adjective) – Unmapped,
unexplored, unknown, undiscovered 38. Coastline (noun) – Seashore, seaside,
अनजान beach, coast सिुद्रति
28. Territory (noun) – Area, region, province, 39. Forecast (verb) – Predict, foresee,
zone, sector क्षेत्र anticipate, project िविटयिाणी करना
29. In the context of (phrase) – With regard to, 40. Anomaly (noun) – Irregularity, abnormality,
in relation to, concerning, regarding के सांदिय deviation, variation विसांगतत
िें
41. Resilience (noun) – Flexibility, adaptability,
30. Barrel (verb) – Speed, race, rush, dash, durability, strength ि बूती
hurry तेजी से िलना
42. Bolster (verb) – Support, strengthen, boost,
31. Claim (verb) – Take the lives of ले लेना reinforce ि बूत करना
(ष् ांदचगयाुँ)
43. The need of the hour (phrase) – Immediate
requirement, urgent need, pressing need,
current demand सिय की िाांग
English Madhyam 19
English Madhyam 20
The Pioneer Editorial – Digital disruptions (15 May 2023)
1. Disruption (noun) – Disturbance, 13. Urgency (noun) – Need, exigency,

commotion, trouble, interruption, necessity, requirement, demand
distraction विघिन तत्परता
2. Policymaker (noun) – Legislator, 14. Pull away (phrasal verb) – Withdraw,

regulator, director, governor, controller retreat, depart, leave, move away दरू
नीतत तनिायता हिना
3. Curb (verb) – Restrain, check, control, 15. Rely (on) (verb) – Depend (on), count
limit, constrain तनयांत्रण करना (on), trust (in), bank (on) तनियर होना
4. Impose (verb) – Levy, exact, charge, 16. Resist (verb) – Oppose, withstand, fight
apply, enforce लगाना, थोपना against, defy रोकना
5. Dissuade (verb) – Discourage, deter, 17. Compulsive (adjective) –
prevent, inhibit, hinder रोकना Uncontrollable, obsessive, irresistible,
compelling िजबूरी
6. Addict (to) (verb) – Obsess, habituate,
condition, accustom, hook लत लगाना 18. Manifest (verb) – Show, display,
exhibit, reveal, demonstrate प्रकि करना
7. Monitor (verb) – Observe, supervise,
oversee, watch, check तनगरानी करना 19. Past (preposition) – Beyond, over,
above, exceeding, after के बाद
8. Interrupt (verb) – Halt, stop, break,
disturb, interfere with बाधा डालना 20. Switch-off time (noun) – Shutdown
time, closing time, end time, cessation
9. Go down (phrasal verb) – become slow
time बांद करने का सिय
धीिे हो जाना
21. Secretively (adverb) – Covertly,
10. Rage (noun) – Fury, anger, wrath, clandestinely, surreptitiously, stealthily
indignation, outrage क्रोध गप्ु त रूप से
11. Shouting (noun) – Yelling, hollering, 22. Hateful (adjective) – Odious,
screaming, bellowing चिललाना abhorrent, detestable, loathsome,
despicable घखृ णत
12. Screaming (noun) – Shrieking,
screeching, wailing, yelling िीखना
English Madhyam 21
23. Take a toll on (phrase) – Damage, In parallel, At the same time सिानान्तर
harm, hurt, impair, affect adversely
रूप से
नुकसान पहुांिाना
34. Even so (phrase) – Nonetheless,
24. Well-being (noun) – Health, welfare, Nevertheless, However, Still, Despite
good condition, comfort खैररयत that कफर िी
25. Lead (to) (verb) – Result (in), cause, 35. Intention (noun) – Aim, Purpose, Plan,
bring about, produce िजह बनना Objective, Goal इरादा
26. Desensitization (noun) – Numbness, 36. Destiny (noun) – Fate, Karma, Kismet,
Insensitivity, Indifference,
Future, Lot िाग्य
Unresponsiveness, Stolidity
सांिेदनाहीनता 37. Transformation (noun) – Change,
Alteration, Conversion, Revolution,
27. Trauma (noun) – Distress, Agony,
Metamorphosis पररितयन
Torment, Shock, Upset आघात
38. Surroundings (noun) – Environment,
28. Surge (verb) – Escalate, Rise, Increase, Setting, Circumstance, Ambience,
Swell, Skyrocket बढ़ना Atmosphere पररिेश
29. Unfortunately (adverb) – Regrettably, 39. Recall (verb) – Remember, Recollect,
Sadly, Unhappily, Disappointingly,
Reminisce, Retrieve, Think back याद
Tragically दि
ु ायग ्यिश
करना
30. Come across (phrasal verb) –
Encounter, Find, Meet, Run into, 40. Childhood (noun) – Infancy, Early
years, Juvenile, Youth, Minor
Stumble upon मिलना
बालयािस्था
31. Inappropriate (adjective) – Unfitting,
Unsuitable, Inapt, Incongruous, 41. Decade (noun) – Ten years, Decennium
Unbecoming अनुचित दशक
32. Simultaneously (adverb) – 42. Buzz (noun) – Excitement, Thrill, Fuss,

Concurrently, At the same time, Stir, Commotion हलिल
Together, In unison, Synchronously एक
43. Nowhere around (phrase) – Absent,
साथ Missing, Unavailable, Not present, Not
to be found कहीां नहीां
33. Concurrently (adverb) –
Simultaneously, In tandem, Together,
English Madhyam 22
44. Addiction (noun) – Dependency, Habit, 53. Dopamine (noun) – a neurotransmitter

Obsession, Compulsion, Fixation लत that plays a role in pleasure,
motivation, and learning
45. Overcome (verb) – Conquer, Defeat,
54. Lasting (adjective) – Enduring, Long-
Beat, Vanquish, Subdue को दरू करना
term, Persistent, Constant, Permanent
46. Cope with (phrasal verb) – Manage, स्थायी
Handle, Deal with, Tackle, Confront
55. Disorder (noun) – Illness, Disease,
Affliction, Condition, Malady विकार
47. Acknowledge (verb) – Admit, Accept,
56. Resilience (noun) – Endurance,
Recognize, Concede, Confess स्िीकार
Toughness, Adaptability, Flexibility,
करना Fortitude सहनशीलता, िजबूती
48. Consequence (noun) – Result, 57. Distress (noun) – Suffering, Pain,

Outcome, Effect, Repercussion,
Agony, Anguish, Torment पीड़ा/ दुःु ख
Ramification पररणाि
58. Anxiety (noun) – Worry, Unease,
49. Cyberbullying (noun) – Online Nervousness, Tension, Apprehension
harassment, Internet bullying, Digital
चिांता
bullying, Web harassment, Electronic
bullying साइबर उत्पीड़न 59. Depression (noun) – Despondency,
Sadness, Misery, Melancholy, Gloom
50. Vulnerable (adjective) – Defenseless,
उदासी
Exposed, Susceptible, At risk,
Unprotected सांिेदनशील 60. Crave (verb) – feel a powerful desire
for (something). तरसना
51. Isolation-affected (adjective) –
Seclusion-impacted, Loneliness- 61. Way out (noun) – Solution, Answer,
stricken, Solitude-influenced, Isolation-
Remedy, Exit, Escape route उपाय
influenced, Detachment-impacted
सिाज से अलग होने से प्रिावित 62. Dopamine-soaked (adjective) –
Dopamine-infused, Dopamine-
52. Spare (verb) – Forgive, Excuse, Absolve, saturated, Dopamine-filled, Dopamine-
Pardon, Exonerate बिा लेना drenched, Dopamine-engulfed
डोपािाइन-डूबा हुआ
English Madhyam 23
The Pioneer Editorial – Agritech farm inputs (16 May 2023)
1. Yield (noun) – Produce, crop, harvest, 12. Aspect (noun) – Facet, feature, element,
पैदािार attribute, characteristic पहलू
2. Instrumental (adjective) – Contributive, 13. Socioeconomic (adjective) – Social-

vital, significant, helpful, key सहायक economic, relating to society and
economy सािाष्जक-आचथयक
3. Drive up (phrasal verb) – Increase,
enhance, raise, amplify, escalate बढ़ाना 14. Landscape (noun) – Scenery, view,
panorama, outlook, perspective पररदृश्य
4. Flash (verb) – Flicker, blaze, flare,
glimmer, sparkle झलकना 15. Encounter (verb) – Face, confront, meet,
experience, run into सािना करना
5. Come to life (phrase) – Animate,
revitalize, enliven, invigorate, rejuvenate 16. Credible (adjective) – Trustworthy,
जीिांत होना reliable, dependable, believable,
authentic विश्िसनीय
6. Anxiously (adverb) – Nervously,
worriedly, uneasily, apprehensively, 17. Concerning (preposition) – About, on the
restlessly चिांततत रूप से subject of, regarding, in regard to सांबांचधत
7. Bestow (verb) – Grant, present, confer, 18. Farm-to-fork (noun) – A concept that
award, endow प्रदान करना represents the path of food from the
growth on a farm to its arrival on a
8. Empower (verb) – Enable, authorize, person's plate खेत से प्लेि तक
permit, allow, license सशतत करना
19. Protract (verb) – Extend, prolong,
9. Backbone (noun) – Mainstay, lengthen, stretch, continue बढ़ाना
cornerstone, pillar, foundation, basis
आधारिूत 20. (be) Riddled (with) (adjective) – Full of,
infested with, overrun by, beset with िरा
10. Sustenance (noun) – Nourishment,
हुआ
nutrition, upkeep, maintenance, support
पोषण 21. Stakeholder (noun) – Interested party,
investor, shareholder, holder, possessor
11. Livelihood (noun) – Occupation, work,
दहतधारक
job, employment, profession आजीविका
22. Compel (verb) – Force, require, coerce,
oblige, necessitate िजबूर करना
English Madhyam 24
23. Intermediary (noun) – Mediator, go- 34. Harness (verb) – Utilize, exploit, employ,
between, broker, negotiator, middleman make use of, apply सदप
ु योग करना
िध्यस्थ
35. Aforementioned (adjective) – Mentioned
24. Procure (verb) – Obtain, acquire, get, before, previously stated, aforementioned
secure, gain प्राप्त करना पूिक
य चथत
25. Input (noun) – a resource such as 36. Malpractice (noun) – Misconduct,

materials or labour that is involved in wrongdoing, impropriety, dishonesty,
producing something and has a cost that corruption अनािार, भ्रटिािार
affects profits
37. Bridge (verb) – Connect, link, join, unite,
26. Result in (phrasal verb) – Lead to, bring
span जोडना
about, cause, produce, generate
पररणािस्िरूप 38. Peer partner (noun) – Equal partner,
counterpart, colleague, associate सिान
27. Engender (verb) – Cause, give rise to,
bring about, create, generate उत्पन्न साथी
करना 39. Negotiate (verb) – Bargain, discuss, talk,

parley, deal सिझौता करना
28. Transparency (noun) – Clarity, openness,
lucidity, unambiguity पारदमशयता 40. Dispatch (verb) – Send, forward, transmit,
mail, ship िेजना
29. Head (verb) – Proceed, advance, move
forward, go, progress बढ़ना 41. Circumvent (verb) – Avoid, evade, bypass,
sidestep, elude बिना, दरककनार करना
30. Accompany (verb) – Escort, go with, join,
travel with, attend साथ आना 42. Often (adverb) – Frequently, regularly,
habitually, repeatedly, many times अतसर
31. Much-needed (adjective) – Essential,
necessary, vital, important, indispensable
43. Disruptive (adjective) – Disorderly,
बहुत जरूरी
unsettling, disturbing, chaotic विघिनकारी
32. Safeguard (verb) – Protect, shield, defend,
44. Revolutionise (verb) – Transform, change,
secure, preserve सरु क्षा करना
alter, modernize, innovate क्राांततकारी
33. Unadulterated (adjective) – Pure, पररितयन करना
untainted, unspoiled, unaltered,
45. Existing (adjective) – Present, current,
uncorrupted शुद्ध
prevailing, ongoing, existent िौजूदा
English Madhyam 25
46. Procurement (noun) – Acquisition, 57. Crucial (adjective) – Essential, critical,

purchase, buying, obtaining, sourcing important, vital, key िहत्िपूणय
खरीद
58. Enhance (verb) – Improve, boost,
47. Arrangement (noun) – Plan, system, increase, augment, strengthen बढाना
organization, structure, setup व्यिस्था
59. Efficiency (noun) – Effectiveness,
48. High-yielding varieties (HYV) (noun) – productivity, competency, skillfulness,
High-producing types, productive strains, performance क्षिता
prolific breeds, fertile kinds.
60. Effectiveness (noun) – Potency, impact,
49. In addition to (phrase) – Besides, apart
success, efficiency, usefulness प्रिािशीलता
from, along with, as well as, together with
इसके अलािा 61. Optimise (verb) – Maximize, improve,
enhance, perfect, refine सुधारना
50. Agronomist (noun) – Crop scientist, soil
scientist, agricultural scientist, agrologist
62. Amidst (preposition) – Among, in the
कृवषशास्त्री
middle of, surrounded by, between के बीि
51. Leverage (verb) – Utilize, capitalize on, िें
exploit, harness, employ फायदा उठाना
63. Considerable (adjective) – Substantial,
52. Expertise (noun) – Proficiency, skill, significant, sizeable, major, important
knowledge, mastery, competence काफी
विशेषज्ञता
64. Emphasis (noun) – Importance, stress,
53. Optimal (adjective) – Ideal, best, most priority, prominence, attention ोर
favorable, prime, perfect सिोत्कृटि
65. Adoption (noun) – Acceptance, taking on,
54. Likelihood (noun) – Probability, embracing, endorsement, incorporation
possibility, chance, odds, potentiality अपनाना
सांिािना
66. Contemporary (adjective) – Modern,
55. Harvest (noun) – Crop, yield, produce, present-day, current, up-to-date, recent
output, bounty उपज सिकालीन
56. Accessibility (noun) – Availability, 67. Era (noun) – Period, age, epoch, time, eon
approachability, convenience, ease of युग
access सल
ु िता
68. Catalyst (noun) – Stimulus, impetus,
trigger, spark, motivator उत्प्रेरक
English Madhyam 26
69. Endeavour (noun) – Effort, attempt, 76. Cutting-edge (adjective) – Innovative,

undertaking, venture, enterprise प्रयत्न pioneering, advanced, state-of-the-art,
revolutionary अत्याधतु नक
70. Neutralise (verb) – Counteract, nullify,
negate, offset, cancel out प्रिािहीन करना 77. Ripe (verb) – Mature, develop, evolve,
flourish, grow पकना
71. Substandard (adjective) – Inferior, poor,
subpar, deficient, unsatisfactory घदिया 78. Fertile (adjective) – Productive, fecund,
fruitful, rich, lush उपजाऊ
72. Potential (noun) – Possibility, capability,
capacity, promise, prospect क्षिता 79. Come a long way (phrase) – Progressed
considerably, advanced significantly,
73. Apparent (adjective) – Evident, obvious, made substantial progress, evolved,
visible, clear, manifest स्पटि improved substantially काफी तरतकी करना
74. Seamless (adjective) – Smooth, 80. Aid (verb) – Assist, help, support,
uninterrupted, continuous, unbroken, facilitate, boost सहायता करना
flawless तनबायध
81. Revolution (noun) – Radical change,
75. Fruitful (adjective) – Productive, transformation, upheaval, reform,
beneficial, profitable, rewarding, overhaul क्राांतत
successful उपयोगी
English Madhyam 27
Indian Express editorial – The Capex cycle (17 May 2023)
1. Capex cycle (noun) – funds used by a 10. Price pressure (noun) – It refers to the
company to acquire, upgrade, and factors that can cause the price of a
maintain physical assets such as property, product or service to change. In this
plants, buildings, technology, or context, it refers to the forces that have
equipment. been pushing prices up or down in the
economy.
2. Poise (verb) – be ready and prepared to
do something. के मलए तैयार होना 11. Ease (verb) – Alleviate, lighten, mitigate,
soothe, soften कि होना
3. Uptick (noun) – a small increase or slight
upward trend. इजाफा 12. Boost (verb) – Enhance, elevate, increase,
uplift, amplify बढ़ाना
4. Wholesale Price inflation (noun) – It is a
measure of inflation based on the prices 13. Trigger (noun) – Catalyst, stimulus,
of goods before they reach consumers. impetus, spark, instigator प्रेरक
5. Negative territory (noun) – a situation in

14. Witness (verb) – Observe, see, behold,
which an amount or a figure is less than
view, watch दे खना
zero, or less than a previous or expected
level 15. Broad-based (adjective) – Wide-ranging,
6. Print (noun) – Publication, issue, edition, comprehensive, all-inclusive, extensive,
impression, release widespread व्यापक
7. Come close on the heels of (phrase) – to 16. Capital expenditure (noun) – Also known
happen very soon afterward ककसी िीज के as capex, it refers to the funds used by a
company to acquire, upgrade, and
तरु ां त बाद घदित होना
maintain physical assets such as property,
8. Retail inflation (noun) – the rate of buildings, technology, or equipment. In
inflation based on the consumer price the context of this editorial, it refers to
index (CPI). The CPI tracks the change in the investments made into these physical
retail prices of goods and services which assets by the private sector in India.
households purchase for their daily पूांजीगत व्यय
consumption.
9. Moderate (verb) – Reduce, control,

diminish, lessen, temper, subdue घिना
English Madhyam 28
17. To be sure (phrase) – Certainly, definitely, 26. Rough patches (phrase) – Difficult times,
indeed, undoubtedly, assuredly तनष्श्ित hard times, adversity, setbacks, trials
कदठनाई का सिय
रूप से
27. Spiralling (adjective) – Escalating, soaring,

18. Incentivise (verb) – Motivate, encourage,
surging, climbing, rocketing बढ़ते हुए
stimulate, spur, inspire प्रोत्सादहत करना
28. In the wake of (phrase) – Following, after,

19. Sentiment (noun) – Feeling, emotion,
as a result of, in the aftermath of,
attitude, opinion, view िािना
consequent to के पररणािस्िरूप
20. Channel (noun) – Pathway, conduit,
29. Rob (of) (verb) – Deprive, strip,
avenue, route, medium िाध्यि
dispossess, divest, take away from छीनना
21. To this end (phrase) – For this purpose,
30. Dampening (noun) – Decrease, reduction,
with this goal, to achieve this, to
lessening, diminishment, decline किी
accomplish this, for this reason इस उद्दे श्य
के मलए 31. Animal spirit (noun) – A term popularized
by economist John Maynard Keynes to
22. A Host (of) (noun) – A lot, multitude, describe how people's emotions drive
myriad, plethora, abundance बहुत सारे their economic decisions. In this context,
it refers to the confidence or optimism in
23. Historic (adjective) – Momentous, the private sector that encourages
significant, important, notable, investment and spending.
consequential ऐततहामसक
32. Extended (adjective) – Prolonged,
24. Production-linked incentive (PLI) (noun) – protracted, lengthy, long-lasting, drawn-
This is a government strategy to boost out विस्ताररत
domestic manufacturing and exports.
Companies are incentivised based on their 33. Pause (noun) – Break, hiatus, interval,
incremental sales from the products intermission, respite विराि
manufactured in domestic units. उत्पादन-
34. Monetary tightening (noun) – This is a
सांबांचधत प्रोत्साहन policy used by central banks to decrease
the amount of money in the system by
25. Ramp up (phrasal verb) – Increase,
increasing the interest rate, thereby
escalate, raise, amplify, augment बढ़ाना making borrowing more expensive. The
English Madhyam 29
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) uses this to 42. Deleverage (verb) – Reduce debt,
control inflation decrease leverage, lower indebtedness,
unwind debt, cut back borrowing कजय कि
35. Prime (verb) – Prepare, ready, set, gear
up, precondition तैयार होना करना
36. Take off (phrasal verb) – Launch, start, 43. Substantially (adverb) – Significantly,
considerably, greatly, markedly,
commence, begin, initiate शरू
ु करना
appreciably काफी
37. Considerably (adverb) – Significantly,
substantially, greatly, markedly, 44. Debt-equity ratio (noun) – It is a financial
ratio indicating the relative proportion of
noticeably काफी हद तक
shareholders' equity and debt used to
38. Capital adequacy ratio (noun) – It is a finance a company's assets. A low debt-
measure of a bank's capital expressed as a equity ratio indicates a more financially
percentage of its risk-weighted credit stable business.
exposures. This ratio is used to protect
45. Over-leveraged (adjective) – Over-
depositors and promote stability and
indebted, excessively borrowed, too
efficiency of financial systems around the
highly leveraged, debt-ridden, overly
world. A higher capital adequacy ratio
encumbered अत्यचधक कजययत
ु त
indicates a more stable and risk-averse
bank.
46. Stumbling block (noun) – Obstacle,
39. (be) Laden (with) (adjective) – Burdened, impediment, hindrance, barrier, hurdle
loaded, weighed down, filled, saturated से बाधा
लदा हुआ 47. Hold back (phrase) – Restrain, hinder,

impede, inhibit, obstruct रोकना
40. Bad loans (noun) – These are loans that
are unlikely to be paid back because the
48. Decade (noun) – Ten-year period, ten
borrower has defaulted or is likely to
years, 10-year span, decade-long duration
default. These loans are problematic for
दशक
banks as they reduce their lending
capacity and might lead to financial 49. Take together (phrase) – In total, consider
instability if not managed properly. collectively, view as a whole, aggregate,
41. Slowdown (noun) – Deceleration, slump, collate, consolidate सिग्र रूप से
downturn, recession, retrenchment िांदी
50. Risk appetite (noun) – It refers to the
level of risk that an individual or
English Madhyam 30
organization is prepared to accept in 53. Signal (verb) – Indicate, suggest, hint,

pursuit of its objectives, before action is denote, imply सांकेत दे ना
deemed necessary to reduce the risk. In
the context of the article, it refers to the 54. Turnaround (noun) – Reversal,
willingness of investors and businesses to improvement, recovery, bounce-back,
make new investments. upturn पलिाि
51. Point out (phrasal verb) – Highlight, 55. On the brink of (phrase) – On the verge
underline, emphasize, draw attention to, of, close to, nearing, approaching,
indicate इशारा करना bordering on के कगार पर
52. Metric (noun) – Measurement, indicator,

parameter, gauge, criterion िापदां ड
English Madhyam 31
The Hitavada editorial – India’s neutral position (18 May 2023)
1. Neutral (adjective) – Unbiased, impartial, 12. Slip (verb) – Decline, decrease, fall, drop
nonaligned, not taking sides, on the fence चगरना
तिस्थ
13. Surpass (verb) – Outdo, exceed, outshine,
2. Boost (noun) – Increase, enhancement, outstrip बढ़कर जाना
uplift, improvement, push बढ़ोतरी
14. Fall prey to (phrase) – Become a victim of,
3. Loom large (phrase) – Appear significant, succumb to, be affected by मशकार हो जाना
be imminent, be on the horizon, threaten
प्रिख
ु ता से ददखना 15. Outbreak (noun) – Eruption, flare-up,
sudden increase, upsurge प्रकोप
4. Stand (noun) – Position, viewpoint, stance,
opinion रुख 16. Vulnerable (adjective) – At risk, in danger,
unprotected, exposed सांिेदनशील
5. Invasion (noun) – Occupation, incursion,
attack, onslaught आक्रिण 17. Trigger (verb) – Cause, prompt, provoke,
initiate प्रेररत करना
6. Eventually (adverb) – In the end,
ultimately, finally, sooner or later अांततुः 18. Owing to (phrase) – Because of, due to, on
account of के कारण
7. Backlash (noun) – Reaction, adverse
response, counteraction पलििार 19. Dent (verb) – Damage, weaken, diminish,
reduce किजोर करना
8. In contrast (phrase) – On the other hand,
in comparison, by comparison इसके 20. Emerging (adjective) – Developing, rising,
growing उिरते हुए
विपरीत
21. ASEAN (noun) – The Association of
9. Sustain (verb) – Maintain, continue,
Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN, was
preserve, uphold बनाए रखना
established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok,
Thailand, with the signing of the ASEAN
10. Hegemony (noun) – Dominance,
Declaration (Bangkok Declaration) by the
leadership, supremacy, प्राधान्य, नेतत्ृ ि
Founding Fathers of ASEAN: Indonesia,
11. Forecast (verb) – Predict, project, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and
Thailand.
estimate, anticipate अनि
ु ान लगाना
English Madhyam 32
22. Spill-over impact (noun) – the effect on 32. Downturn (noun) – Decline, Decrease,
the economy of a country from unrelated Reduction, Fall, Drop िांदी
events happening in another country.
अप्रत्यक्ष प्रिाि 33. Laud (verb) – Praise, Applaud,
Compliment, Celebrate, Honor प्रशांसा करना
23. Sanction (noun) – Penalty, punishment,
restriction प्रततबांध 34. Emerging (adjective) – Developing, Rising,
Advancing, Growing, Evolving उिरता हुआ
24. Against these backdrop (phrase) – In the
context of, in relation to, considering these 35. Outpace (verb) – Surpass, Outdo, Outstrip,
circumstances इन पररष्स्थततयों के बीि Outrun, Exceed बहुत आगे तनकल जाना
25. Standalone (adjective) – Independent, self- 36. Demonstrate (verb) – Show, Indicate,
contained, separate स्ितांत्र Exhibit, Manifest, Prove ददखाना
26. Defy (verb) – Disobey, Resist, Refuse to 37. Drive (verb) – To cause something to
obey, Challenge, Contravene अिहे लना happen
करना, िन
ु ौती दे ना 38. Lie (verb) – Be located, Be situated, Exist,
Reside, Be found ष्स्थत होना
27. Given (preposition) – Considering, Taking
into account, Bearing in mind, In view of 39. Self-sufficiency (noun) – Independence,
दे खते हुए Self-reliance, Autonomy, Self-sustainability
आत्ि-तनियरता
28. Preceding (adjective) – Prior, Previous,
Earlier, Antecedent, Precedent वपछले 40. Articulated (adjective) – Jointed,
Connected, Linked, Well-expressed स्पटि
29. Reckon (verb) – Calculate, Estimate,
Consider, Count, Regard िानना 41. Deficient (adjective) – Lacking, Insufficient,
Inadequate, Short, Scant की किी िाली
30. Spurring (adjective) – Stimulating,
Encouraging, Inspiring, Motivating, 42. Meet (verb) – Fulfill, Satisfy, Match, Equal,
Provoking प्रेरक Meet the requirements of पूरा करना
31. Amidst (preposition) – Among, In the 43. Nationwide (adjective) – Countrywide,

middle of, Surrounded by, In the midst of National, All over the country, Across the
के बीि nation दे शव्यापी
English Madhyam 33
44. Famine (noun) – Starvation, Food 56. Merely (adverb) – Only, Simply, Just,
shortage, Scarcity, Dearth, Lack of food Barely केिल
अकाल
57. Account for (phrasal verb) – Constitute,
45. Surplus (noun) – Excess, Extra, Surfeit, represent, comprise, make up, form के मलये
Overabundance, Superfluity अचधकता
उत्तरदयी होना
46. Trajectory (noun) – Path, Course,

58. Hedge (noun) – Safeguard, Protection,
Direction, Track प्रक्षेप-पथ
Shield, Barrier, Guard बिाि
47. Rein (in) (verb) – Control, Restrain, Check,

59. Diversify (verb) – Expand, vary,
Limit, Curb तनयांत्रण करना
differentiate, spread, विविधता लाना
48. Headwind (noun) – Opposition,

60. Dilute (verb) – Weaken, Reduce, Lessen,
Resistance, Hindrance, Obstacle, Barrier
Diminish, Water down कि करना
प्रततकूल पररष्स्थततयाां
61. Pre–(prefix) – Before, earlier, prior to,
49. Resilience (noun) – Durability, Toughness,
ahead of पहले
Strength, Adaptability, Flexibility लिीलापन
62. Surge (verb) – Soar, rocket, escalate,
50. Onset (noun) – Beginning, Start, Outset,
increase rapidly, shoot up तेजी से बढ़ना
Commencement, Inception आरां ि
63. Substantiate (verb) – Confirm, verify,
51. Shoot up (phrasal verb) – Skyrocket, Surge,
validate, corroborate, prove सात्रबत करना
Increase rapidly, Inflate, Escalate तेजी से
बढ़ना 64. The oil basket (noun) – The term "oil
basket" is often used in the context of oil
52. Gradually (adverb) – Slowly, Steadily, Bit trading and the energy market. It generally
by bit, Little by little धीरे -धीरे refers to the mix of different types of
crude oil that a country imports or exports.
53. Thrust (noun) – a sudden strong These different types of crude oil can vary
movement forward धतका based on factors like their geographic
origin, quality, and price
54. Landscape (noun) – Scenery, View,
65. Subsequent (adjective) – Following,
Outlook, Prospect, Panorama पररदृश ्य
succeeding, later, next बाद िें
55. Conundrum (noun) – Puzzle, Problem,
66. Imminent (adjective) – Impending,
Enigma, Mystery, Dilemma पहे ली
approaching, forthcoming, near तनकिस्थ
English Madhyam 34
67. Outsmart (verb) – Outwit, outthink, 72. By virtue of (phrase) – Because of, due to,
outmaneuver, outfox ितरु ता िें िात दे ना on account of, as a result of के आधार पर, के
िलते
68. Resilient (adjective) – Robust, strong,
sturdy, tough िजबूत 73. Parameter (noun) – Criterion, standard,
measure, guideline िापदां ड
69. Hover (verb) – Hang, linger, float, drift
िांडराना 74. Sovereignty (noun) – Autonomy,
independence, self-government, freedom
70. To sum up (phrase) – In conclusion, in
सांप्रित
ु ा
summary, to recapitulate, to put it briefly
सांक्षेप िें 75. Repose confidence (verb) – to place your
trust or hopes in someone or something
71. Withstand (verb) – Resist, stand up to,
अपना विश्िास रखना
fend off, bear सािना करना
76. Neutrality (noun) – Impartiality,
nonpartisanship, objectivity, fairness
तिस्थता
English Madhyam 35
The Pioneer Editorial – Skilled artisans (19 May 2023)
1. Skilled (adjective) – Accomplished, 11. Follow in someone’s footsteps (phrase) –

expert, capable, able, trained, कुशल Emulate, imitate, mirror, echo, take after,
ककसी के नतशे-क़दि पर िलना
2. Artisan (noun) – Craftsman, tradesman,
workman, journeyman, handicrafter, 12. Ancestor (noun) – Forebear, predecessor,
मशलपकार progenitor, forefather, ascendant, पि
ू ज
य
3. Underpay (verb) – pay too little to 13. Meagre (adjective) – Scanty, scant,
(someone). उचित से कि िजदरू ी या minimal, insufficient, sparse, अलप
पररश्रमिक दे ना
14. Wage (noun) – Salary, pay, income,
4. Cheap (adjective) – Inexpensive, money, remuneration िेतन
economical, low-priced, budget, bargain,
15. Reflect (verb) – Show, exhibit, display,
सस्ता
reveal, express, दशायना
5. Vulnerable (adjective) – Exposed,
16. Artisanal (adjective) – Handcrafted,
susceptible, open, at risk, unprotected,
handmade, homegrown, boutique,
सांिेदनशील, अरक्षक्षत
specialized, हस्ततनमियत
6. Weave (verb) – Interlace, entwine, twist,
17. Prized (adjective) – Valued, treasured,
braid, intertwine, बुनना
cherished, appreciated, esteemed,
7. Carpet (noun) – Rug, mat, floor covering, बेशकीिती
runner, tapestry, कालीन
18. Handicraft (noun) – Handmade article,
handiwork, creation, workmanship, craft,
8. The Duo (noun) – Pair, couple, twosome,
हस्तकला
duet, double act, दोनों
19. Adverse (adjective) – Unfavourable,

9. Make ends meet (phrase) – Survive, get
disadvantageous, negative, bad,
by, cope, manage, subsist, गुजारा करना
detrimental, प्रततकूल
10. Lament (verb) – Mourn, grieve, bemoan,
20. Moreover (adverb) – Furthermore, in
bewail, rue, विलाप करना
addition, besides, also, additionally, इसके
अलािा
English Madhyam 36
21. Compound (verb) – Intensify, aggravate, 30. Idle (adjective) – Inactive, unoccupied,
exacerbate, worsen, increase, बढ़ाना unemployed, indolent खाली
22. Associate (with) (verb) – Connect, link, 31. Fortunate (adjective) – Lucky, favored,
relate, combine, join, से जड़
ु ा होना blessed, providential िाग्यशाली
23. Feed (verb) – Nourish, provide for, 32. Considerably (adverb) – Significantly,
sustain, maintain, खाना खखलाना substantially, markedly, largely काफी हद
तक
24. Shut down (phrasal verb) – Close, cease
operations, stop activity, halt, बांद करना 33. Fiscal (adjective) – Financial, economic,
monetary, वित्तीय
25. Following (preposition) – After,
subsequent to, succeeding, ensuing,
34. Boost (verb) – Enhance, improve,
resulting के बाद
promote, बढ़ािा दे ना
26. Abrogation (noun) – Annulment,

35. Handloom (noun) – A device used for
cancellation, abolition, revocation,
weaving, खादी बन
ु ाई
उन्िूलन
36. Counterfeit (noun) – Fake, imitation,
27. Cripple (verb) – Disable, paralyze,
copy, Forgery नकली
debilitate, incapacitate किजोर करना
37. So far (phrase) – Up to this point, until
28. Worsen (verb) – Deteriorate, degrade,
now, hitherto अब तक
decline, get worse त्रबगाड़ना
29. Post (preposition) – After, subsequent to,

following, के बाद
English Madhyam 37
The Pioneer – The Dilemma of truths & half truths (20 May 2023)
1. Dilemma (noun) – Quandary, catch-22, 12. Echo (verb) – Mirror, reflect, resonate,
predicament, impasse, problem असिांजस, repeat गुँज
ू ना
दवु िधा
13. Counterpoint (noun) – Contrast, opposite,
2. Apparent (adjective) – Obvious, visible, antithesis, contradiction विरोधािास
noticeable, conspicuous, clear स्पटि
14. Model (verb) – use (a system, procedure,
etc.) as an example to follow or imitate.
3. Contradiction (noun) – Conflict, opposition,
निूना बनाना
inconsistency, discrepancy, clash विरोधािास
15. Alloy (noun) – Mixture, blend, combination

4. Crystal clear (phrase) – Transparent,
unambiguous, clear-cut, unmistakable, lucid मिश्र धातु
स्पटि
16. Fabricate (verb) – Manufacture, create,
5. Pithy (adjective) – Succinct, terse, concise, construct, build तनिायण करना
compact, brief सांक्षक्षप्त
17. Testimony (noun) – Evidence, proof,
6. Hand down (phrasal verb) – Pass on, witness, declaration गिाही
transmit, transfer, convey हस्ताांतररत करना
18. Consistent (adjective) – Constant, stable,
7. Century (noun) – Hundred years, centennial, steady, unchanging ष्स्थर
centenary शताब्दी
19. Breach (verb) – Violate, break, infringe,
8. Broadly (adverb) – Generally, mostly, largely, contravene तोड़ना
predominantly व्यापक रूप से
20. Empathy (noun) – Compassion, sympathy,
9. Seek (verb) – try, attempt, endeavour, understanding सहानुिूतत
कोमशश करना
21. Disaster (noun) – Calamity, catastrophe,
10. Convey (verb) – Communicate, express, tragedy, crisis आपदा
relay, transmit सांिाररत करना
22. Often (adverb) – Frequently, regularly,
11. Eschew (verb) – Avoid, abstain from, stay commonly, routinely अतसर
away from, shun त्यागना
23. Roll (verb) – Develop, start, emerge उिरना
English Madhyam 38
24. Sophisticated (adjective) – Advanced, 35. Integrity (noun) – Honesty, uprightness,

complex, intricate, refined जदिल probity, rectitude, honorableness ईिानदारी/
अखांडता
25. So-called (adjective) – Supposed, self-styled,
would-be कचथत 36. Truthfulness (noun) – Honesty, veracity,
sincerity, candor, frankness सच्िाई
26. Civil society (noun) – Citizenry, community,
populace, public, society नागररक सिाज 37. Consistency (noun) – Uniformity, regularity,
stability, steadiness, constancy सांगतत/
27. Acceptability (noun) – Palatability,
agreeableness, acceptableness, tolerance, ष्स्थरता
approval स्िीकाययता
38. Reliability (noun) – Dependability,
28. Term (verb) – Name, denominate, designate, trustworthiness, integrity, honesty,
call, label पुकारना faithfulness विश्िसनीयता
29. Tact (noun) – Diplomacy, discretion, finesse, 39. Impeccable (adjective) – Flawless, faultless,
delicacy, sensitivity िातुयय perfect, excellent, immaculate पररपूण/य
त्रदु िरदहत
30. Camouflaged (adjective) – Disguised, secret,
masked, veiled, hidden तछपा हुआ 40. Totality (noun) – Entirety, completeness,
wholeness, fullness, gross सिग्रता
31. Put across (phrasal verb) – Convey,
communicate, get across, express, present 41. Proclaim (verb) – Announce, declare, state,
प्रस्तुत करना assert, pronounce घोवषत करना
32. Tactful (adjective) – Diplomatic, discrete, 42. Asset (noun) – Resource, advantage, boon,
thoughtful, considerate, sensitive ितरु benefit, treasure सांपवत्त
33. Grace (noun) – Dignity, elegance, poise, 43. Whiff (noun) – Trace, hint, scent, smell,
refinement, charm सुसज्जता aroma सुगांध
34. Advocate (verb) – Support, endorse, 44. Proposition (noun) – Suggestion, proposal,
promote, champion, recommend सिथयन idea, plan प्रस्ताि
करना
45. Exhaustively (adverb) – Thoroughly,
completely, fully, in detail, comprehensively
सांपूणय रूप से
English Madhyam 39
46. Elaborate (verb) – Explain, expound, clarify, 57. Variable (noun) – an element, feature, or
detail, unfold विस्ताररत करना factor that is liable to vary or change.
58. Illustration (noun) – Example,

47. Perhaps (adverb) – Maybe, possibly,
demonstration, representation, exhibit
potentially, conceivably, it may be शायद
उदाहरण
48. Elusive (adjective) – Difficult to find, evasive,
59. Set out (phrasal verb) – Begin, start, embark
slippery, hard to pin down दल
ु ि
य
on, undertake शुरू करना
49. Ideal (noun) – Standard, model, exemplar,
60. Notwithstanding (preposition) – Despite, in
paragon, epitome आदशय
spite of, although, even though हालाांकक
50. Desiderata (noun) – Essentials,
61. Delicate (adjective) – Sensitive, fragile, fine,
prerequisites, requirements, needs,
necessities; something that is needed or refined, gentle सूक्ष्ि
wanted. आिश्यकताएुँ
62. Apparent (adjective) – Obvious, clear,
51. Virtue (noun) – Goodness, morality, evident, visible स्पटि
integrity, honesty, righteousness नैततक
63. Conception (noun) – Idea, notion, thought,
सदगुण belief, understanding धारणा
52. Bull’s eye (noun) – Perfect hit, target, goal, 64. Lie (verb) – Fib, falsify, misrepresent,
aim लक्ष्य prevaricate, fabricate झूठ बोलना
53. Seek (verb) – Search for, try to find, look for, 65. Eulogise (verb) – Praise, extol, laud,
pursue खोजना commend, acclaim प्रशांसा करना
54. Obvious (adjective) – Clear, evident, 66. Construct (verb) – Build, create, assemble,
apparent, unmistakable स्पटि form, erect तनिायण करना
55. A way forward (phrase) an action, plan etc 67. Aspired (adjective) – Ambitious, desirous,
that seems a good idea because it is likely to
yearning, longing, eager इच्छाशील
lead to success
68. State (noun) – Condition, status, situation,
56. Phenomena (noun) – Events, occurrences,
position, circumstances ष्स्थतत
happenings, incidents घिनाएुँ
English Madhyam 40
69. Existence (noun) – Presence, being, reality, 75. Uphold (verb) – Support, maintain, defend,
survival, subsistence अष्स्तत्ि back up, endorse सिथयन करना
70. Commandment (noun) – Directive, decree, 76. Etch (verb) – Engrave, inscribe, imprint,
edict, injunction, mandate आदे श/ आज्ञा chisel खोदना, उकेरना
71. Absolute (adjective) – Total, utter, complete, 77. Thou shalt not kill (noun) – He meant no one
out-and-out, downright पूणय could take the life of another कोई दस
ू रे की
जान नहीां ले सकता
72. Rule out (phrasal verb) – Eliminate, reject,
exclude, discount, dismiss खाररज करना 78. The ebb and flow (noun) – Fluctuation,
change, variation, rise and fall उतार-िढ़ाि
73. Given (preposition) – Considering, taking
into account, bearing in mind, in view of
79. Sound (adjective) – good, firm, sensible,
दे खते हुए
reliable सही
74. Aggressor (noun) – Attacker, assailant,

80. Worthwhile (adjective) – Valuable, worth it,
invader, assaulter हिलािर
useful, beneficial, rewarding साथयक
English Madhyam 41
English Madhyam 42
Economic times editorial – SUVs, Height of sales (15 May 2023)
1. Unfashionable (adjective) – Out-of-date, 12. Given (preposition) – Considering, taking

outmoded, dated, obsolete, defunct, into account, in view of, regarding दे खते
outdated अप्रिमलत हुए
2. Account for (phrasal verb) – Explain, 13. Uneven (adjective) – Irregular,
justify, rationalize, give reasons for,
inconsistent, variable, unsteady असिान
answer for उत्तरदायी होना
14. Take into consideration (phrase) –
3. Price-conscious (adjective) – Cost-aware, Consider, take into account, keep in mind,
budget-minded, frugal, economical,
regard ध्यान िें रखना
thrifty कीित के प्रतत सािधान
15. Shifting (noun) – Change, transition,
4. Affluence (noun) – Wealth, prosperity,
alteration, modification पररितयन
richness, opulence, abundance सिद्
ृ चध
16. Combustion (noun) – Burning, ignition,
5. Lift (verb) – Elevate, raise, uplift, boost,
kindling, inflammation प्रज्िलन
enhance बढ़ाना
17. Tailpipe (noun) – Exhaust pipe धआ
ु ां
6. Fundamentalist (noun) – Purist,
doctrinaire, dogmatist, orthodox, तनकास पाइप
conservative िूलिादी
18. Footprint (noun) – the impact on the
7. Apparently (adverb) – Seemingly, environment of human activity in terms of
pollution, damage to ecosystems, and the
ostensibly, outwardly, superficially जादहरा
depletion of natural resources.
तौर पर
19. Critical (adjective) – Crucial, vital, pivotal,
8. Concerned (adjective) – Worried, anxious, key िहत्िपूणय
bothered, troubled, disturbed चिांततत
20. Quantum (noun) – Amount, quantity,
9. CO2 (noun) – Carbon dioxide measure, portion िात्रा
10. Emission (noun) – Discharge, release, 21. Particulate matter (PM) (noun) – Particle
expulsion, outpouring उत्सजयन pollution — also called particulate matter
(PM) — is made up of particles (tiny
11. Worldwide (adjective) – Global, pieces) of solids or liquids that are in the
international, universal, worldwide air. These particles may include: Dust.
विश्िव्यापी Dirt. Soot.
English Madhyam 43
22. Perhaps (adverb) – Maybe, possibly, 24. Cooler vehicle (noun) – More
potentially, conceivably शायद environmentally friendly vehicle, greener
vehicle, less polluting vehicle अचधक
23. Hedonistic (adjective) – Pleasure-seeking,
पयायिरण सांरक्षणीय िाहन
self-indulgent, epicurean, voluptuary
सुखिादी
English Madhyam 44
Business Line Editorial – A leg-up for start-ups (17 May 2023)
1. Leg-up (noun) – an act of helping someone 11. Moderate (verb) – Mitigate, temper,
or something to improve their situation. reduce, lessen कि करना
सहायता
12. Setback (noun) – Reversal, blow, hitch,
2. Steep (adjective) – not reasonable; obstacle बाधा
excessive. अत्यचधक
13. Ecosystem (noun) – Environment, habitat,
3. Correction (noun) – Alteration, territory, domain पाररष्स्थततकी तांत्र
improvement, rectification, modification,
amendment सुधार 14. Lend (verb) – Provide, give, offer, impart,
add दे ना
4. Worsen (verb) – Deteriorate, degrade,
decline, degenerate, retrogress त्रबगड़ना 15. Copious (adjective) – Abundant, plentiful,
ample, profuse प्रिरु
5. Ongoing (adjective) – Continuing, under
way, in progress, happening जारी 16. Exaggerated (adjective) – Overstated,
overemphasized, overstressed, amplified
6. Venture capital Investor (noun) – This बढ़ाकर कहा हुआ
refers to an investor who provides capital
to start-ups or small businesses that have 17. Heightened (adjective) – Enhanced,
the potential for long-term growth. increased, intensified, amplified बढ़ा हुआ
Venture capital generally comes from well-
off investors, investment banks, and any 18. Post–(prefix) – After, subsequent to,
other financial institutions. following, later के बाद
7. Risk aversion (noun) – Risk avoidance,
19. Borrowing cost (noun) – Interest expense,
caution, carefulness, prudence जोखखि से cost of debt, financial charge
बिना
20. Lead (to) (verb) – Result in, cause, bring
8. Drought (noun) – Dry spell, lack, shortage, about, give rise to िजह बनना
scarcity किी
21. Lay-offs (noun) – Dismissal, discharge,
9. Overheated (adjective) – Overexcited, redundancy, termination छां िनी
feverish, frenzied, agitated अतत उत्सादहत
22. Private equity (PE) (noun) – Private Equity
10. Liquidity (noun) – The availability of cash refers to a type of investment funds
in the market organized as limited partnerships that are
not publicly traded and whose investors
are typically large institutional investors,
university endowments, or wealthy
English Madhyam 45
individuals. Private equity firms are known 30. Minimal (adjective) – Smallest, least,
for their extensive use of debt financing to littlest, minor, slight न्यूनति
purchase companies, which they
restructure and attempt to resell for higher 31. Display (verb) – Exhibit, show, present,
values. demonstrate, reveal प्रदमशयत करना
23. VC (noun) – Venture capital उद्यि पूांजी 32. Willingness (noun) – Readiness,
preparedness, agreeability, eagerness
24. Portfolio (noun) – In the context of finance
इच्छा
and investment, a portfolio is a collection
of financial investments like stocks, bonds,
33. Fledgling (adjective) – New, budding,
commodities, cash, and cash equivalents,
emerging, nascent, developing उिरते
including closed-end funds and exchange
traded funds owned by an individual or an
34. Fiscal (adjective) – Financial, monetary,
institution (like an insurance company,
economic, budgetary वित्तीय
pension fund, family office, or investment
company).
35. Buttress (verb) – Strengthen, support,
25. Unlikely (adjective) – Improbable, reinforce, bolster, fortify िजबूत करना
doubtful, questionable, dubious सांिािना
36. Dry up (phrasal verb) – Deplete, exhaust,
नहीां
drain, consume सिाप्त होना
26. Credit line (noun) – A credit line, also
37. Angel tax (noun) – An angel tax is a tax
known as a line of credit, is a flexible loan
levied on the excess share premium which
from a bank or financial institution. Similar
a company receives over and above its fair
to a credit card, this revolving line of credit
allows for borrowing up to a certain limit market value. एांजेल कर
as needed, and interest is charged only on
38. At a premium (phrase) – At a higher price,
the amount borrowed. It provides
businesses with access to funds up to a costly, expensive, high-priced अचधक िूलय
pre-approved limit that they can use and पर
repay as needed.
39. Abolish (verb) – Terminate, end, stop,
27. Entail (verb) – Involve, necessitate,
nullify सिाप्त करना
require, demand, call for शामिल होना
40. Altogether (adverb) – Completely, entirely,
28. Witness (verb) – Observe, see, notice,
wholly, totally पूरी तरह से
note, perceive दे खना
41. Deter (verb) – Discourage, dissuade,
29. Given (Preposition) – Considering, taking
prevent, inhibit रोकना
into account, bearing in mind, in view of
दे खते हुए
English Madhyam 46
42. Incentivise (verb) – Motivate, encourage, 46. Exchanges (noun) – A stock market
stimulate, inspire प्रोत्सादहत करना
47. Shelve (verb) – Postpone, delay, defer,
43. Concession (noun) – Discount, reduction, hold off िालना
decrease, markdown छूि
48. bourse (noun) – A stock market, exchange
44. List (verb) – Catalog, record, register, file शेयर बाजार
सूिीबद्ध करना
49. Receptive (adjective) – Open, amenable,
45. Overseas (adjective) – International, responsive, approachable स्िीकार करने
foreign, abroad, offshore विदे शी योग्य
English Madhyam 47
Indian Express Editorial – The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (19 May 2023)
1. The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code more efficient mechanism for resolving
(noun) – It refers to a law enacted in insolvency.
India in 2016 to consolidate and amend
the laws relating to insolvency and 8. Time-bound (adjective) – Scheduled,
bankruptcy. The code provides a time- time-limited, time-specific, under a
bound process to resolve insolvency and deadline, timed सियबद्ध
bankruptcy issues, allowing creditors to
recover their dues more efficiently. 9. Resolution (noun) – Solution,
settlement, decision, determination,
2. Insolvency (noun) – the condition of not conclusion सिाधान
having enough money to pay debts, buy
goods, etc., or an occasion when this 10. In favour of (phrase) – Supporting,
happens ददिामलयापन endorsing, backing, promoting,
encouraging के पक्ष िें
3. Bankruptcy (noun) – a legal proceeding
initiated when a person or business is 11. Creditor (noun) – A creditor is an
unable to repay outstanding debts or individual, institution, or enterprise to
obligations ददिामलयापन, ददिाला whom money is owed. In the context of
the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code,
4. Code (noun) – Law, rule, regulation, creditors may initiate proceedings to
constitution तनयिसांग्रह recover their dues when a debtor is
unable to pay.
5. Shift (noun) – Change, move, alteration,
12. Put out (phrasal verb) – Publish, release,
swing, modification पररितयन
issue, broadcast, announce प्रकामशत
6. Reconfigure (verb) – Rearrange, करना
reshape, restructure, refashion, remould
पन
ु ुः सांरिना करना 13. For instance (phrase) – For example, as
an example, to illustrate, such as, like
7. Credit culture (noun) – This term refers उदाहरण के मलए
to the prevalent attitudes and practices
within a country or an organization 14. Tend (to) (verb) – Be likely, have a
relating to lending money and repaying tendency, be inclined, be prone , झुकना
debts. The reference to 'reconfiguring
the credit culture' in the context of the 15. Envisage (verb) – Foresee, predict,
Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code implies anticipate, project, forecast कलपना
a shift towards a system that provides
करना
better protection for creditors and a
English Madhyam 48
16. Realisation of creditor (noun) – This 25. Ongoing (adjective) – Continuing, in

refers to the process by which creditors progress, under way, happening,
are able to recover the money owed to occurring िल रहा
them. In the context of insolvency and
bankruptcy, it typically refers to the 26. Staggering (adjective) – Astonishing,
amount that creditors are able to astounding, amazing, extraordinary,
recover from the liquidation of the incredible िौंका दे ने िाला
debtor's assets or through a resolution
plan. 27. End up (phrasal verb) – Eventually be,
finally be, turn out to be, wind up, result
17. So far (phrase) – Up to now, till now,
in अांत िें होना
until now, to date, thus far अब तक
28. Liquidation (noun) – Liquidation is the
18. Framework (noun) – Structure, scheme,
shutdown of a business or business
system, organization, arrangement ढाांिा segment. The business sells off assets to
pay off creditors and other liabilities.
19. Considering (preposition) – Taking into
account, bearing in mind, given, with 29. Yield (verb) – Produce, provide, supply,
regard to, in view of ध्यान िें रखते हुए furnish, generate उत्पन्न करना
20. Proceedings (noun) – Actions, activities, 30. Work out (phrasal verb) – accomplish
operations, measures, steps कारय िाई something with difficulty. िें काि करना
21. Initiate (verb) – Start, begin, embark on, 31. Contend with (phrasal verb) – Deal with,
set in motion, launch शरू
ु करना grapple with, cope with, face, confront
22. Operational creditor (noun) – An
operational creditor is a person or entity 32. Deadline (noun) – Time limit, due date,
to whom an operational debt, such as cut-off point, target date, time frame
payments for goods delivered or services सियसीिा
rendered, is owed. The reference here is
particularly to small and medium 33. Undergo (verb) – Experience, endure, go
enterprises (SMEs) that are owed money through, suffer, face से गु रना
by larger companies.
34. Go on (phrasal verb) – Continue,
23. Dues (noun) – Payments, charges, fees,
proceed, carry on, persist, keep on जारी
subscriptions, contributions दे य रामश
रखना
24. Admitted (adjective) – Accepted,
acknowledged, recognized, conceded, 35. Unfortunate (adjective) – Unlucky,
confirmed स्िीकृत unfortunate, misfortunate, hapless,
doomed दि
ु ायग्यपूणय
English Madhyam 49
36. Lead (to) (verb) – Result in, cause, bring 44. Stakeholder (noun) – A stakeholder is a
about, produce, generate िजह बनना person, group, or organization that has a
direct or indirect interest or concern in a
37. Destruction (noun) – Devastation, particular entity, issue, or outcome. In
damage, ruin, wreck, annihilation विध्िांस the context of insolvency and
bankruptcy proceedings, stakeholders
38. Functioning (noun) – Operation, could include creditors, debtors,
working, performance, running कािकाज employees, shareholders, regulators,
and others impacted by the outcome.
39. Effectiveness (noun) – Efficacy, potency, दहतधारक
power, capability, success प्रिािशीलता
45. Proposition (noun) – Proposal,
40. Amendment (noun) – Alteration, suggestion, plan, idea प्रस्ताि
change, modification, revision,
adjustment सांशोधन 46. In the offing (phrase) – Likely,
impending, forthcoming, on the horizon,
41. Space (noun) – the freedom to live, upcoming नजदीक; आने िाले ददनों िें
think, and develop in a way that suits
one. स्ितांत्रता 47. Perhaps (adverb) – Maybe, possibly,
potentially, presumably, likely शायद
42. Debtor (noun) – A debtor is an
individual, company, or entity that owes 48. Guiding principles (noun) – an idea that
money. In the context of the Insolvency influences you very much when making
and Bankruptcy Code, if the debtor is a decision or considering a matter
unable to repay their debts, the िागयदशयक मसद्धाांत
creditors may initiate insolvency or
bankruptcy proceedings against them. 49. Cut down (phrasal verb) – Reduce,
decrease, lessen, diminish, shrink कि
43. Traction (noun) – Popularity
करना
English Madhyam 50
Indian Express – 20 Per cent tax on credit card spending (20 April 2023)
1. Socialism (noun) – a political and 11. Liberalisation (noun) – the removal or

economic theory of social organization loosening of restrictions on something,
which advocates that the means of typically an economic or political
production, distribution, and exchange system.
should be owned or regulated by the
12. Establishment (noun) – Formation,
community as a whole. सिाजिाद
creation, launch, setting up स्थापना
2. Trace (verb) – find or discover by
13. Ease (verb) – Lessen, Reduce, Alleviate,
investigation. पता लगाना
Relieve, Diminish, कि करना
3. Marginal (adjective) – Minor, Slight,
14. Liberalised remittance scheme (LRS)
Small, Peripheral, Insignificant, िािूली
(noun) – The Liberalised Remittance
4. Income Tax slab (noun) – it means Scheme (LRS) allows indians to transfer
different tax rates are prescribed for money to NRIs abroad
different ranges of income 15. Flexibility (noun) – the quality of being
5. Impose (verb) – Enforce, Inflict, Levy, able to adjust to new conditions.
Implement, Introduce, लगाना 16. Remit (verb) – Send, Transmit,
Transfer, Dispatch, Forward, िेजना
6. Draconian (adjective) – Harsh, Severe,
Rigorous, Oppressive, Strict, कठोर 17. Globalised (adjective) –
Internationalized, Universalized,
7. Constraint (noun) – Limitation,
Worldwide, Global, Planetary, िैश्िीकृत
Restriction, Hindrance, Barrier,
Inhibition, बाधा 18. Determination (noun) – Resolve,
Willpower, Resoluteness, Tenacity,
8. Decade (noun) – Ten years, Tenner,
Decision, दृढ़ सांकलप
Span of 10 years, Decennium, 10-year
period, दशक 19. Turn back the clock (phrase) – return
to the past or to a previous way of
9. Thereafter (adverb) – Afterwards, doing things.
Subsequently, Following that, After
that, Next, उसके बाद 20. Amend (verb) – Modify, Revise, Alter,
Adjust, Change, सुधार करना
10. Post (preposition) – After, Subsequent
to, Following, Consequent to, In the 21. Via (preposition) – Through, By way of,
wake of, के बाद By means of, By, Using, के िाध्यि से
English Madhyam 51
22. Ambit (noun) – Range, Scope, Extent, sector on the acquisition of goods and
Compass, Reach, दायरा provision of services such as education,
healthcare, defense, and social
23. As a consequence (phrase) – protections.
Consequently, As a result, Therefore,
33. Clamp down (phrasal verb) – Restrain,
Thus, Hence, नतीजतन
curb, check, suppress, inhibit, मशकांजा
24. Put forth (phrase) – Propose, Suggest, कसना
Submit, Present, Offer, प्रस्तावित करना
34. Circumvent (verb) – Bypass, avoid,
25. Defence (noun) – Justification, excuse, evade, sidestep, elude, िालना
plea, argument, बिाि
35. One-off (adjective) – Isolated, single,
26. Plug the loophole (phrase) – Rectify unique, solitary, standalone, एकिात्र
the flaw, correct the deficiency,
eliminate the weakness, remove the 36. Repatriate (verb) – send (someone)
oversight, seal the gap, सिस्या का back to their own country ितन िापस
सिाधान करना िेजना
27. Conscious (adjective) – Aware, 37. Compliance (noun) – Conformity,

cognizant, perceptive, alert, mindful, obedience, adherence, submission,
जागरूक acquiescence, अनुपालन
28. Overseas (adjective) – International, 38. All walks of lives (phrase) – All
foreign, outlandish, exotic, non- professions, various occupations,
domestic, विदे शी diverse fields, multiple trades, different
backgrounds, सिी व्यिसाय
29. Fundamental (noun) – Basic principle,
cornerstone, groundwork, base, root, 39. Framework (noun) – Structure, system,
िूलिूत तत्ि scheme, blueprint, model, ढाांिा
30. Forex (noun) – it refers to exchanging 40. Transact (verb) – conduct or carry out
the currency of one country for (business) लेन-दे न करना
another at prevailing exchange rates.
विदे शी िुद्रा 41. Complicate (verb) – Confuse, entangle,
complicate, muddle, befuddle, जदिल
31. War chest (noun) – a reserve of funds
बनाना
used for fighting a war. धन सांिय
32. Government spending (noun) – This

means money spent by the public
English Madhyam 52
42. Roll back (phrasal verb) – Reverse, 44. Ill-advised (adjective) – Unwise,
repeal, retract, rescind, withdraw, imprudent, injudicious, incautious,
िापस लेना thoughtless, अवििेकी
43. Ill-conceived (adjective) – Misguided,

mistaken, flawed, faulty, erroneous,
गलत ढां ग से सिझा गया
English Madhyam 53

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May 21, 2023 ENGLISH MADHYAM

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The Hindu Editorial - Welcome Initiative (15 May 2023)

1. Collaboration (noun) – Association, 13. Outcome (noun) – Result, consequence,

The Hindu Editorial – Statistical Succour (16 May 2023)

2. Succour (noun) – Help, aid, assistance, 11. In no small measure (phrase) –

21. Lockstep (noun) – Coordination, 31. Register (verb) – Record, note,

46. Upper tolerance threshold (noun) –

2. Extended (adjective) – Protracted, 12. Essential (adjective) – Necessary,

3. Longevity (noun) – Lifespan, 13. Intervention (noun) – Involvement,

4. Enhanced (adjective) – Improved, 14. Inebriated (adjective) – Drunk,

5. In ways (phrase) – to a certain extent 15. Condemn (verb) – Denounce, criticize,

6. Lose someone to something (phrase) 16. Urge (verb) – Encourage, push,

22. Co-ordinated (adjective) – Organized, 33. Amendment (noun) – Modification,

26. Outcome (noun) – Result, 37. Hefty (adjective) – Large, substantial,

48. Drive home (phrase) – o make 55. Unfortunate (adjective) – Unlucky,

56. Snuff out (phrasal verb) – Extinguish,

57. Hardly (adverb) – Scarcely, barely,

The Hindu Editorial – Tripping trade (18 May 2023)

1. Tripping (adjective) – Stumbling, slipping, 12. Outbound shipment (noun) – Export

2. Stance (noun) – Position, standpoint, 13. Successive (adjective) – Consecutive,

9. Subdued (adjective) – Restrained, low-key,

23. Lingering (adjective) – Lasting, enduring, 35. Proclaimed (adjective) – Announced,

38. Ebb (verb) – Recede, retreat, withdraw,

39. Moreover (adverb) – Furthermore, in

33. Ease (verb) – Lessen, alleviate, reduce,

The Hindu Editorial – Timely caution (19 May 2023)

1. Exhortation (noun) – Appeal, urging, through a complex sequence of

16. Bench (noun) – In this context, it refers

21. Suspect (adjective) – Doubtful,

36. Threaten (verb) – Warn, intimidate,

discover and expose dishonesty, 52. Expansive (adjective) – Wide-ranging,

53. Payoffs (noun) – Benefits, returns,

54. Money trail (noun) – Financial

The Hindu Editorial – Warming warning (20 May 2023)

1. World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) guidance to the United Nations Framework

7. Prognosis (noun) – Outlook, forecast, 17. Consistent (adjective) – Steady, stable,

The Pioneer Editorial – Digital disruptions (15 May 2023)

1. Disruption (noun) – Disturbance, 13. Urgency (noun) – Need, exigency,

2. Policymaker (noun) – Legislator, 14. Pull away (phrasal verb) – Withdraw,

32. Simultaneously (adverb) – 42. Buzz (noun) – Excitement, Thrill, Fuss,

44. Addiction (noun) – Dependency, Habit, 53. Dopamine (noun) – a neurotransmitter

48. Consequence (noun) – Result, 57. Distress (noun) – Suffering, Pain,

The Pioneer Editorial – Agritech farm inputs (16 May 2023)

2. Instrumental (adjective) – Contributive, 13. Socioeconomic (adjective) – Social-

25. Input (noun) – a resource such as 36. Malpractice (noun) – Misconduct,

करना 39. Negotiate (verb) – Bargain, discuss, talk,

46. Procurement (noun) – Acquisition, 57. Crucial (adjective) – Essential, critical,

69. Endeavour (noun) – Effort, attempt, 76. Cutting-edge (adjective) – Innovative,

Indian Express editorial – The Capex cycle (17 May 2023)

5. Negative territory (noun) – a situation in

9. Moderate (verb) – Reduce, control,

27. Spiralling (adjective) – Escalating, soaring,

28. In the wake of (phrase) – Following, after,

लदा हुआ 47. Hold back (phrase) – Restrain, hinder,

organization is prepared to accept in 53. Signal (verb) – Indicate, suggest, hint,

52. Metric (noun) – Measurement, indicator,

The Hitavada editorial – India’s neutral position (18 May 2023)

31. Amidst (preposition) – Among, In the 43. Nationwide (adjective) – Countrywide,

46. Trajectory (noun) – Path, Course,

47. Rein (in) (verb) – Control, Restrain, Check,