DR
HEMANT
KUMAR

PANCREAS
Is
a
mixed
exocrine
&
endocrine
gland
Exocrine
component
synthesizes
and
secretes
digestive
enzymes
Conveyed
to
small
intestine
by
duct
system
of
pancreas
Endocrine
component
secretes
insulin,
glucagon,
other
hormones
in
blood
Major
part
is
exocrine
component
 PANCREAS
• Endocrine
pancreas
consists
of
numerous
cells
called
islets
of
langerhans
• Scattered
among
exocrine
secretory
acini
and
makes
1-2
%
of
pancreatic
mass
• A
thin
C.T
capsule
surrounds
pancreas
• Sends
septa
that
divide
organ
into
lobules
• blood
vessels,
nerves,
and
ducts
of
gland
travel
in
C.T
septa
 PANCREAS
Exocrine
pancreas
is
a
purely
serous
gland
Compound
tubulo-acinar
variety
Secretory
units
consists
of
pancreatic
acini,
made
up
of
40-50
pyramidal
serous
cells,
enclosing
a
central
cavity
Serous
cells
has
a
basally
located
spherical
nucleus


 EXOCRINE
PANCREAS
• Duct
system
consists
of:
1. Intercalated
ducts
2. Intralobular
3.Interlobular
4.Main
duct
• Intercalated
duct
begins
within
the
center
of
acinus.
• Extends
a
short
distance
into
acinus
• Is
a
short
duct
&
is
lined
by
simple
cuboidal
epithelium
DUCT
SYSTEM
IN
SALIVARY
GLANDS
Cytomorphologic
features
of
various
portions
of
the
salivary
system
from
the
secretory
end
piece
to
the
oral
cavity
are
illustrated.
From
left
to
right
are
the
acinus,
intercalated
duct,
striated
duct,
excretory
duct
and
oral
cavity


 CENTRO-ACINAR
CELLS
Portions
of
intercalated
ducts
extending
into
acini
are
seen
as
pale-staining,
low
cuboidal
cells
within
the
serous
acini.
these
are
centro-acinar
cells
and
they
constitute
a
Distinguishing

histological
feature
of
pancreas
 ENDOCRINE
PANCREAS
• Small,
spherical
clusters
of
cells
called
islets
of
langerhans
or
pancreatic
islets
• They
are
scattered
irregularly
among
the
serous
acini
of
pancreas
and
are
most
numerous
in
body
and
tail
of
pancreas
 ENDOCRINE
PANCREAS
• A
thin
layer
of
reticular
c.t
surrounds
each
pancreatic
islet,
separating
it
from
exocrine
pancreati
acini
• Islets
are
arranged
in
short,
irregular
cords
separated
by
a
network
of
fenestrated
capillaries


 ENDOCRINE
PANCREAS
• In
H
&
E
sections,
cells
of
islets
stain
lightly
eosinophilic
and
no
cytoplasmic
granules
can
be
distinguished
• Cytoplasmic
granules
can
be
seen
in
E/M
and
needs
special
stains


 ENDOCRINE
PANCREAS
• Depending
on
the
appearance,
size
and
distribution
of
granules,
islets
are
classified
into
three
major
types:
1. a
(alpha)
-
glucagon
2. b
(beta)
-
insulin
3.d
(delta)
-
somatostatin


 APPLIED
/
CLINICAL
• In
acute
necrotizing
pancreatitis,
the
proenzymes
may
be
activated
and
digest
pancreatic
tissues,
leading
to
very
serious
complications.
• Causes
may
be
infection,
gall
stones,
alcoholism,
drugs,
trauma
• In
kwashiorkor
(malnutrition),
pancreatic
acinar
cells
atrophy,
causing
decrease
production
of
digestive
enzymes