STD X – GEOGRAPHY - SUMMARY

Chapter 20 –Mineral-based Industry

Syllabus
Mineral Based Industry – Iron and Steel (TISCO, Rourkela, Vishakhapatnam)
Petro-chemicals & Electronics

Name of the Location In Raw Materials Power Water Labour Transport

industry Collabor Supply Supply force Facilities
ation
With
1.Tata Iron & Jamshedpur U.S.A Iron-Ore – Coal – Two West It is well
Steel Industry in Mayurbhanj in Odisha from perennial Bengal, connected
Singhbhum Manganese – Jharia & rivers Bihar, by roads
Private Sector district Keonjhar district Bokaro Subarnare Uttar and
Limestone, Dolomite, coal fields kha & Pradesh railways.
Fireclay – Sundargarh Kharkai , Also
district of Odisha Chhatti- connected
Coal – Jharia & Bokaro sgarh & with
coal fields. Jharkh- Kolkata
and port for
exporting
finished
steel
2.Rourkela At the With Iron-ore – Coal – Mandira West Lies on
steel plant confluence technical Sundargarh, Jharia, Dam Bengal, Kolkata –
of two river cooperati Mayurbhanj & Talcher & across Jharkha Nagpur rail
Public Sector Koel & the on from Keonjhar district in korba coal Sankha nd & line, hence
Sankha in german Odisha field river and Odisha easy access
the firm, Manganese – Electricity also from to raw
Sundargarh Krupps Barajmada – Hirakud Mahanadi material
district of and Limestone – project river producing
Odisha Demag in Birmitrapur areas and
1959 Dolomite – Baradwar markets.
Coal – Jharia, Talcher,
Raniganj & Korba
coalfields

3.Vishakapatnam At port Iron ore – Bailadila in Coal fields

Steel plant city of Chhattigarh of
Public Sector Vishakhap Limestone, dolomite & Damodar
(latest integrated atnam in manganese – from Valley
steel plant) Andhra mines of Andhra
Pradesh Pradesh & Odisha

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 STD X – GEOGRAPHY - SUMMARY

2. PETRO CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

1. Meaning: Petro chemicals are organic chemicals or compound, which are derived from crude oil in process of refining
of petroleum.

2. Location – Near an oil refinery which can supply its basic requirements of Naptha or Ehtylene and Benzene.

3. Places where they are processed: Petrochemicals are processed at Trombay, Vadodara & Koyali

4. Two reasons for the development of petro-chemical industry in India:

➔ Cheaper products as produced on a large scale

➔ Raw material is easily available and is not dependent on agricultural raw material.

5. Uses: This industry produces:

i. Fertilizers and Insecticides

ii. Resins and adhesives for industries
iii. Plastic sheets, plastic foam, bowls and baskets, paints and furniture coverings for household items.

6. Advantages:

i. Petro-chemicals are cost effective, economically stable & cheaper as they are produced on a mass scale.
ii. Its raw material is easily available, not dependent on agricultural raw material as in the case of jute. Therefore,
traditional raw materials like wood, glass and metals are being replaced by petro-chemical products. For
Example:

Natural material Petro-chemical product

1. Leather footwear Plastic chappals and synthetic footwear
2. Natural rubber Synthetic rubber
3. Jute fibre Synthetic fibre
4. Steel pipes PVC
5. Steel Utensils Plastic ware / Containers
6. Cloth and Jute bags Polythene Bags
Production Units:

Name of the Location Products made Special feature

Unit
1.Herdillia Chemicals Chennai, Tamil Nadu It manufactures a number of heavy Set up in collaboration
Ltd organic chemicals like phenol, with the Distillers Co.
acetone, diacetone alcohol Ltd of UK & Hercules
Power Co. of the USA.
2.National Organic Thane-Belapur area near The plant produces naptha to produce Biggest unit in India
Chemicals Industries Mumbai ethylene, benzene, PVC, etc sponsored by Mafatlals
3.Petrofils It has three plants located It manufactures yarn used for making It is a joint venture of
Cooperative Limited at Vadodara and Naldhari swim suits, under garments, polyester the Government of India
(PCL) in Gujarat filament yarn and nylon chips. and Weaver’s Co-
operative Society.

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 STD X – GEOGRAPHY - SUMMARY

4.Indian Jawahar Nagar near It manufactures polymers, synthetic 1st public sector
Petrochemical Vadodara organic chemicals & polyester fibres enterprise
Corporation Ltd
5.The Bongaigaon Bongaigaon in Assam Polyester fibre Draws its raw material
Petrochemicals Ltd from the Bongaigaon
and Noomati refineries
6.The Reliance Hazira in Gujarat
Industries
7.Haldia Haldia in West Bengal It manufactures a wide range of It is a modern naptha
Petrochemicals Polyolefins and chemicals like based petrochemical
benzene, butadiene, cyclo-pentane complex
8.The Indian Oil It has set up three world
Corporation class mega petrochemical
plants:
1) Linear Alkyl
benzene (CAB)
plant, Gujarat.
2) Paxaxylene,
Purified terepthalic
Acid (PX/PTA),
Panipat.
3) Naptha Cracker
Plant, Panipat.

3. Electronics
➔ The electronics industry developed in India in the 1950’s.
➔ It began with radio manufacturing and at present has diversified into new areas like space exploration,
defence-equipments, medical diagnosis, communication, information technology, computer systems.
➔ Indian hardware and software is in great demand world-wide.

Name of the Industry Location Produces

1. The Indian Bengaluru in 1950 Equipments to meet the needs of Post &Telegraph
Telephone departments, railways, defence, overseas
Industry (ITI) communication services and electricity boards.

It also manufactures automatic telephone switching

systems and teleprinter exchanges and long distance
transmission systems.
2. The Electronics Hyderabad in 1970 Transistorized modular systems for nuclear applications
Corporation of and for use in medical, agricultural and industrial fields.
India Ltd (ECIL)

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 STD X – GEOGRAPHY - SUMMARY

It also produces – Components like metal oxide

resistors, analog computers, online digital process
control computers
3. The Bharat Bengaluru in 1956 Set up to fulfill the needs of the electronics in the
Electronics Ltd. Defence system.
(BEL) It also caters to the needs of the All India Radio and the
(Public sector) Meteorological Department.

Importance of Electronics industry in various fields:

a) Defence: It is used in radio receiving radars, computers and data processing machines.
b) Space technology: It is used in high speed computers & cameras.
c) Entertainment: Television, Cameras, Sound Equipment, Speakers, etc
d) Communication: radio, Television cameras and sound equipments
e) Medicine: CT Scan Machines, Heart Lung Machines, Laser machines, MRT machines, Video graph
machines
1. Entertainment Industry:

Television Industry - BPL, Onida, Videocon and Philips – together had a market share of 83% in television
sales – centres of production are – Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai & Pune
➔ The audio industry can be broadly classified as - mono players, stereo players, midi systems, CD based
systems and car audio systems. The top three players in the market are – Philips, BPL and Videocon.
The main centres of production are – Mumbai, Pune, Kolkata & Chennai.
Panasonic and Akai – international brands
2. Space technology:
➔ India has successfully launched indigenously built satellites such as the Apple & INSAT series.
➔ Landmarks in Space technology are:
Name of the Industry Location

1. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Bengaluru

2. The Sriharikota Space Center (SHAR) - India’s prime Sriharikota

Space Centre- The Satellite Launching Station
3. National Remote Sensing Agency Hyderabad

➔ India is among six nations of the world to possess the capability to launch satellites into
Geosynchronous transfer Orbit (GTO).

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