Hindalco Industries Limited 

an Indian aluminium and copper manufacturing company, is a

subsidiary of the Aditya Birla Group. Its headquarters are at Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It is
the Flagship company in the metals business.

Sterlite Copper is a subsidiary of Sterlite industries, a company owned by Vedanta Limited.

Hindustan Copper Limited (HCL) has acquired the plant and machinery including lease hold land of
Jhagadia Copper Ltd. (JCL) from ARCIL in June 2015 and renamed it as Gujarat Copper Project. The
factory is situated at Plot No. 747, Jhagadia Industrial Estate, District - Bharuch, Gujarat. GCP plant is a
secondary Copper Smelter and Refinery complex. 

Major Aluminium Producing Plant in India

• The Indian Aluminium Company Ltd. (INDAL), Hirakud: It started
production in 1938 as a private company and was converted into a public
company in 1944. It is an integrated plant having three units at five different
places for the pro-duction of alumina and aluminium sheets. The plants for
the extraction of alumina from bauxite are located at Muri (Jharkhand), near
the bauxite mines. Its three smelting units are located at Alupuram (Alwaye
in Kerala), Hirakud (Orissa), and Belgaum (Karnataka).
• The Aluminium Corporation of India, Jaykaynagar (near
Asansol): It started production in 1942. The plant gets bauxite from Ranchi
(Jharkhand) and Unchera (M.P.). It has its own coal-mine, a thermal power
plant and an alumina plant, a reduction plant, a sheet rolling plant and a
utensils producing plant.
• The Hindustan Aluminium Corporation Ltd. (HINDALCO),
Renukoot: It was set up at Renukoot, about 160 km south of Mirzapur, in
1958. It obtains bauxite from Lohardaga (Jharkhand and Amarkantak region
of Madhya Pradesh), and power from the Rihand Dam.
• The Madras Aluminium Company Ltd. (MALCO), Mettur: It was set up
at Mettur near Salem in 1965. It obtains bauxite from the Shevaroy Hills and
electricity from the Mettur Hydel Project.
• The Bharat Aluminium Company Ltd. (BALCO), Korba: This is a public
sector company which set up its plant at Korba (Bilaspur District,
Chhattisgarh) in 1965. It obtains bauxite from the Amarkantak (Shandol
District of Madhya Pradesh) and electricity from the Korba Thermal Power
Plant.
• The National Aluminium Company Ltd. (NALCO), Koraput: It is the
largest aluminium plant of the country, located at Koraput. It obtains bauxite
from the bauxite mines at Panchpatmali (District Koraput). It has an
installed capacity of 1.6 million tonnes of ingots per year. There is an
alumina refinery at Damanjodi (District Koraput) and alumina smelter at
Angul. It obtains hydro-electricity from the Angul Power Plant and the port
facilities from the Vishakhapatnam for export of alumina and import of
caustic soda. The Central Government has disinvested about 45 per cent of
NALCO's shares.
Some silver is produced by Kolar Gold Fields and Hutti gold mines in Karnataka
during refining of gold.

The Hindustan Copper Ltd. at Maubhandar smelter in Singhbhum district of

Jharkhand obtains silver from copper slimes. Silver is also produced by Vizag Zinc
smelter in Andhra Pradesh from the lead concentrates.

India has only three producing gold mines Hutti, Utti mines (both in Karnataka) and
Hirabuddini mines (Jharkhand) and the domestic production has almost stagnated
at about 2.8 tonnes annually.

Karnataka has an estimated 17 to 18 tonnes of gold reserves and the state is the
major gold producer state in India i.e 88.7% of total gold production in India.

After the closure of Kolar Gold Fields Mines of BGML in 2001, the Hutti Gold Mines
Limited (HGML), a government of Karnataka enterprise has become the sole
producer of primary gold in the country.

The main problem with the Hutti mines is the low grade of ore. The mine reopened
in 1948 and has been operating irregularly since then. The principal mine, Hutti and
two other units viz Hira Buddini and Utti are all underground mines located in
Raichur district of Karnataka.

Silver producing areas in the world

Silver Deposits in India

India is not a major producer of silver. Most of the silver consumption in India is
driven by imports. It occurs generally with lead, zinc, copper and gold ores and is
extracted as a byproduct of electrolysis or chemical methods. The chief ore
minerals of silver are Argentine, stephanite, pyrargyrite and proustite.

The Tundoo Lead Smelter in Dhanbad district of Jharkhand is another important

producer of silver as a byproduct of lead. Some silver is produced by Kolar Gold
Fields and Hutti gold mines in Karnataka during refining of gold.
The Hindustan Copper Ltd. at Maubhandar smelter in Singhbhum district of
Jharkhand obtains silver from copper slimes. Silver is also produced by Vizag Zinc
smelter in Andhra Pradesh from the lead concentrates.

Udaipur (Zawar, Rikhabdeo and Debari), Dungarpur (Ghughra and

Mando), Banswara (Wardalia) and Alwar are the main producing
districts.

Andhra Pradesh produces about 5 per cent of the total lead of India
where Kurnool, Nalgonda, Guntur, Khammam and Cuddapah are the
main lead producing districts. In Tamil Nadu North Arcot Ambedkar
and South Arcot Vallalar are the main leads producing districts of
Tamil Nadu.

Galena deposits also occur in Uttaranchal (Tehri Garhwal and

Pithoragarh), Jharkhand (Hazaribagh, Singhbhum, Ranchi and
Palamu), Jammu and Kashmir (Baramulla and Udhampur), Madhya
Pradesh (Hoshangabad, Shivpuri, and Gwalior), Chhattisgarh
(Bilaspur, Sarguja and Durg), Karnataka (Bellary, Chitradurga), Orissa
(Sundargarh), Himachal Pradesh (Kulu and Kangra) and West Bengal
(Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling).

India’s lead production is not sufficient to meet her requirements.

Although the known reserves of zinc in India are rather limited, the
production increased from a negligibly small quantity of 2,144 tonnes
valued at Rs. 6.5 lakh in 1950-51 to 485,976 tonnes valued at Rs. 380
crore in 2002-03 (Table 25.11). More than 99 per cent of the total zinc
of India is produced in Zawar area in Udaipur district of Rajasthan.
In 2002-03, Rajasthan produced 4, 85,827 tonnes of zinc concentrates
which was more than 99 per cent of total production of the country.
The total value of zinc produced by Rajasthan in 2002-03 was Rs.
379.9 crore. Small quantity of zinc is produced in Sikkim

The production of zinc in India is too small as compared to her needs.

About 75 per cent of her requirements are met by imports, mainly
from Zaire, Canada, Australia and Russia.
1. Orissa:
Orissa is the largest producer and produces over 37 per cent
manganese ore of India. It is obtained from Gondite deposits in
Sundargarh district and Kodurite and Khondolite deposits in
Kalahandi and Koraput Districts. Manganese is also mined from the
lateritic deposits in Bolangir and Sambalpur districts.

2. Maharashtra:
It produces about 24 per cent of India’s manganese ore. The main belt
is in Nagpur and Bhandara districts. High grade ore is found in
Ratnagiri district.

3. Madhya Pradesh:
Maharashtra is closely followed by Madhya Pradesh. About 11 per cent
of India’s manganese ore is obtained from Madhya Pradesh. The state
produced only 11 per cent of India’s manganese ore just two decades
ago. The main belt extends in Balaghat and Chhindwara districts. It is
just an extension of the Nagpur-Bhandara belt of Maharashtra.
4. Karnataka:
About 13 per cent of India’s manganese ore is produced by Karnataka.
The main deposits occur in Uttara Kannada, Shimoga, Bellary,
Chitradurg and Tumkur districts.

5. Andhra Pradesh:
The share of Andhra Pradesh in India’s manganese production has
gone down from 8 per cent in 1977-78 to 4 per cent in 2002-03. The
main belt is found between Snkakulam and Vishakhapatnam districts.
Srikakulam district has the distinction of being the earliest producer
(1892) of manganese ore in India. Cuddapah, Vijayanagaram and
Guntur are other producing districts.

Other producers:
Goa, Panchmahals and Vadodara in Gujarat, Udaipur and Banswara in
Rajasthan and Singhbhum and Dhanbad districts in Jharkhand are
other producers of manganese.
Jaduguda: The only operating plant of the country at Jaduguda in operation since 1968, is based on acid
leaching technology. The process know-how has been indigenously developed and upgraded time-to-
time keeping in pace with the global developments of uranium technology. Jaduguda plant has also
been expanded twice, nearly doubling the original processing capacity to treat the ore of Bhatin and
Narwapahar mines. In the coming years, ore of Bagjata mine will be fed to this plant.

4.2. New plants Turamdih: A new plant at Turamdih is being set-up to treat the ore planned to be
produced from Turamdih and Banduhurang mines. The flowsheet of this plant is similar to that of
Jaduguda.

Seripalli: This plant has been planned in Andhra Pradesh to treat the ore of LambapurPeddagattu mines.
The plant site is about 54 km away from Lambapur area as there are some environmentally sensitive
places around the mine site

Domiasiat: This plant near the mine site at Domiasiat in Meghalya will be constructed with some
modified process technology because of different ore characteristics. The host rock at Domiasiat is
moderately friable sandstone
Tummalapalle: As the host rock of Tummalapalle uranium deposit is siliceous-dolomiticphosphatic
limestone, alkali leaching technology is being proposed to treat this ore
There are more than 50 iron and steel industries in India. Given below are major steel plants:

Name Location Operator

Jindal Steel and Power Limited Raigarh, Chhattisgarh JSPL

Jindal Steel and Power Limited Angul, Odisha JSPL

Tata Steel Limited Jamshedpur, Jharkhand Tata Steel

Tata Steel Limited Kalinganagar, Odisha Tata Steel

Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel

Bhadravati, Karnataka SAIL
Plant

Durgapur Steel Plant Durgapur, West Bengal SAIL

Bhilai Steel Plant Bhilai, Chhattisgarh SAIL

Bokaro Steel Plant Bokaro, Jharkhand SAIL

Chandrapur Ferro Alloy Plant Chandrapur, Maharashtra SAIL
IISCO Steel Plant Asansol, West Bengal SAIL
Rourkela Steel Plant Rourkela, Odisha SAIL
Salem Steel Plant Salem, Tamil Nadu SAIL
Alloy Steel Plant Durgapur, West Bengal SAIL
Visakhapatnam, Andhra Rashtriya Ispat Nigam
Vizag Steel
Pradesh Limited
Essar Steel India Limited Hazira, Gujarat Essar Steel India Limited
JSW Steel Hospet, Bellary, Karnataka JSW Steel
JSW Steel Tarapur, Boisar, Maharashtra JSW Steel
JSW Steel Dolvi, Dolvi, Maharashtra JSW Steel
Jindal Steel and Power Limited (JSPL) is an Indian steel and energy company based in Hisar.[4] In
terms of tonnage, it is the third largest steel producer in India.
Tata Steel Limited, formerly Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (TISCO), is an Indian
multinational steel-making company based in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, and is headquartered in
Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It is a subsidiary of the Tata Group.

Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant (VISL), a unit of Steel Authority of India Limited, is a plant
involved in the production of alloy steels and pig iron. It is located in the city of Bhadravathi,
India. It was started as the Mysore Iron Works on 18 January 1923 by Sir M Visvesvaraya. It is
now a steel plant under the jurisdiction of the Steel Authority of India Limited.

Durgapur Steel Plant is one of the integrated steel plants of Steel Authority of India Limited,
located in Durgapur, in the eastern Indian state of West Bengal. It was set up with the help of
United Kingdom.(S.R.N.)

The Bhilai Steel Plant (BSP), located in Bhilai, in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh, is India's
first and main producer of steel rails, as well as a major producer of wide steel plates and other
steel products. The plant also produces steel and markets various chemical by-products from
its coke ovens and coal chemical plant. It was set up with the help of the USSR in 1955.

Bokaro Steel Plant (BSP) is located in the Bokaro district of Jharkhand. It is the fourth
integrated public sector steel plant in India built with Soviet help. It was incorporated as a
limited company in 1964. It was later merged with the state-owned Steel Authority of India
Limited (SAIL).

Bokaro Steel Plant (BSP) is located in the Bokaro district of Jharkhand. It is the fourth
integrated public sector steel plant in India built with Soviet help. It was incorporated as a
limited company in 1964. It was later merged with the state-owned Steel Authority of India
Limited (SAIL).