Lesson 7

Speech Focus

Vowel Sounds [ i ] and [ I ]

[i]
In producing the vowel sound of [ i ], the sides or blades of the tongue is moved very
close to the front hard palate and pressed against the upper cheek teeth. The upper and lower are
almost touching each other. Lips are in sidewise position.
1. little – [ litƏl ]
2. distinctly – [ dƏstiᶇklI ]
3. since – [ sins ]
4. we – [ wi]
Graphemes to represent the [ i ] sound are: e, ea, ei, ıe, I, ae, oe, eo, ay

Words with [ i ]

abbreviate [ ə b r i v i e t ] allegiance [ə l i ʤ ə n s ]

amnesia [æmniƺə] analgesic [ æ n ə l ʤ i z I k]

ballerina [ b æ l ə r i n ə] believe [bIliv]

coliseum [ k a l I s i ə m ] colleague [kalig]

comedian [ k ə m i d i ə n ] debris [d ə b r i]

deodorant [ d i o d ə r ə n t] demeanor [ d I m i n ɚ]

elite [Ilit] even [ i v ə n]

fatigue [ f ə t i g] female [ f i m e l]

fetus [ f i t ə s] fever [fivɚ]

fiasco [ f i æ s k o] freedom [ f r i d’m]

helium [ h i l i ə m] Hebrew [ h i b r u]

key [ ki ] leisure [ l i ƺ ɚ]

lenient [ l i n i ə n t] leukemia [ l u k i m i ə]

media [ m i d i ə ] meter [m i t ɚ]
 Novena – [n o v in ∂ ] penal [ p i n ə l]

[I]
The [ I ] sound is produced by placing the blades of the tongue a little further away from
the front of the mouth. The tongue is relaxed, and the upper and lower teeth are a bit away from
each other. Lips are still in sidewise position.
1. fist - [ fIst ]
2. is - [ Iƺ ]
3. think – [ѲIᶇk]
4. fifth – [ fIft ]
5. sixth – [ sIksѲ ]
6. ribs – [ rIbs ]
Graphemes to represent the [ I ] sound are: I, ıe, u, ui, ay, a

Words with [ I ]

biscuit [bIskIt ] citizen [ sItIzən ]

children [t∫Ildrən ] civil [ sIvəl ]

christening [ krIsInIŋ ] delinquent [ d I l I ɳ k w ə nt]

chin [t∫In] busy [b I z I ]

chip [t ∫ I p ] business [bIznIs]

rich [r I t ∫ ] minute [mInIt]

sit [s I t ] lettuce [ lє t I s ]

spin [s p I n ] little [ l I tl ]

respite [r є s p I t ] Imprint [ ImprInt ]

literate [l I t ɚ I t ] bigamy [ bIgamI ]

chagrin [∫a g r I n ] chimney [ ʧ I m n I]

Christian [krIstIən] city [sItI]

deliberate (v) [d I l I b ɚ I t] deliver [ d I l I v ɚ]

disco [d I s k o] elicit [ I l I s I t]
fitness [ f I t n I s] imprison [ I m p r I z ə n]

linkage [ l I ɳ k I ʤ] bikini [bIkInI]

chaplain [ʧæplIn] clinical [ k l I n I k l]

civic [ s I v I k] delicate [ d ε l ə k I t]

digit [dIʤIt] distinctive [ d I s t I ɳ t I v]

fictitious [ f I k t I ∫ə s] gimmick [ g I m I k]

itching [I ʧ I ɳ ] Physics [ f I z I k s]

Wish [ w I ∫] sickly [sIklI]

gift [g I f t] written [ r I t,n ]

Practice: The underlined alphabet represents the vowel [ i ] and [ I ]

[i] [I]

1. amnesia 1. biscuit
2. alleviate 2. children
3. believe 3. chaplain
4. machine 4. delinquent
5. people 5. lettuce
6. fatigue 6. busy
7. key 7. deceive
8. Jesus 8. language
9. easy 9. image
10. deed 10. forfeit
11. even 11. gypsy
12. leisure 12. Been
Speech Focus

Vowel sounds [ e ] and [ Ꜫ ]

[e]
In producing the [e] sound, the front of the tongue is raised mid-high toward the palate.
The tongue tip touches the lower front teeth. The sides of the tongue are pressed slightly against
the sides of the upper cheek teeth.
1. Behavior – [b ə h e v y ɚ ]
2. Favor – [f e v ɚ]
3. Gains – [ g e n s]
4. Arranged – [ ə r e n d ʒ ]
5. Manipulated – [m æ n ə p y u l e t ə d]
Graphemes to represent the [ e ] sound are: a, ai, ao, au, e, ee, et, ue (t), ei, ea, ay

Words with [e]

Abraham [ e b r ə h æ m] Acquaint [ə k w e n t]

acorn [ e k ɚ n] bail [ b e l]

alias [ e l I ə s] bait [ b e t]

alien [elIən] braid [ b r e d]

amiable [ e m I ə b,l] cocaine [ k o k e n]

apparatus [ æ p ə r e t ə s] Failure [feljɚ]

apricot [e p r ə k a t] main [men]

Australia [‫ כּ‬s t r e l I ə] maize [ m e z]

aviary [e v I e r I ] rail [ r e l]

aviation [e v I e∫ə n] train [ t r e n]

aviator [e v I e t ɚ ] oal [ʤ e l]

affidavit [æ f I d e v I t] beefsteak [ b I f s t e k]

acre [ e k,r] flirtation [ f l I r t e ∫n]

April [ e p r əl] Las Vegas [ l a s v e g ə s]

 appraisal [ə p r e z,l] bakery [ b e k ə r I]

attainable [ ə t e n ə b,l] cable [ k e b,l]

Dalmatian [ d æ l m e ∫n] favorite [ f e v ɚ I t]

[ɛ]
The sound of the vowel [ɛ] is produced when the tongue is pushed nearer the palate and
upper front teeth. The tip of the togue touches the back of the lower front teeth without
pressure. The sides of the tongue are slightly passed against the sides of the upper cheek teeth.
The air passage grows wider, and the lips are open and relaxed.
1. Dread – [d r ɛ d] 5. Hence – [ h ɛ n s ]
2. Them – [ δ ɛ m] 6. Instead – [ I n s t ɛ d]
3. Get – [ g ɛ t ] 7. Behest – [ b ə h ɛ s t]
4. Enemies – [ ɛ n ə m I s ] 8. Death – [ d ɛ Ɵ ]

Graphemes to represent the [ε ] sound are: e, ea, a, ai, ie

Words with [ ɛ ]

eligible [ ε l I ʤ bl,] any [ε n I]

exit [ ε g z I t] many [ m ε n I]

Herod [h ε r ə d] said [s ε d]

heroine [ h ε r oIn] again [ ə g ε n]

strength [ s t r ε ɳΘ ] against [ ə g ε nst]

accessory [ ə k s ε s ə r I] jeopardy [ ʤ ε p ɚ d I]

bread [ brεd] leopard [ l ε p ɚ d]

breadth [b rεdt] Leonard [ l ε n ɚ d]

dreamt [ d r ε mt] friend [ f r ε n d]

healthy [ h ε l Θ I] meant [ m ε n t]

peasant [ pε znt] pleasant [p l ε z ə n t]

pleasure [ p l ε ƺ ɚ] dictionary [ d I k ∫ə n ε r I]
measurement [ m ε ƺ ɚ m ə n t] legendary [ l ε ʤ ə n d ε r I]

sweater [ s w ε t ɚ] special [ s p ε ∫ə l]

heir [εr] variation [ v ε r I e ∫ə n]

instead [ I n s t ε d] parent [ p ε r ə n t]

Activity No. 20
Name: ________________________ Course & Year: ____________ Score:_________
Instructor _______________________________Class Time____________________

Directions: Oral test. Read the words with contrasting sounds of [e] and [ Ꜫ ].

[e] [Ꜫ]
age edge
ail ell
bail bell
bait bet
dale dell
date debt
fail fell
gate get
laid led
late let
mate met
pain pen
raid red
 Activity No. 21

Name: ________________________ Course & Year: ____________ Score:_________

Instructor _______________________________Class Time____________________

Directions: Read the sentences giving emphasis to words with [e] & [ Ꜫ ] sounds.

A.
1. Does the faded beret on the table belong to the painter?
2. Abraham likes the taste of bacon & steak.
3. The delivery man patiently waited at the MU gate.
4. Do you eat bread, lettuce, and eggs?
5. Randy will play another game.

B.
1. Did Esther tell a tale?
2. Write your age on the edge of the paper.
3. They will sell the car before they sail for Manila.
4. Please get my bicycle from the gate.
5. Your debt is due on that date.

Speech Focus
Vowel Sounds [ ae ] and [ a ]

[ ae ]
The mouth is opened much wider but without much muscular effort. The tongue tip
touches the lower gum ridge must be in constant. The tongue lies almost flat on the floor.
1. Acts [æ k s]
2. And [æ n d]
3. Animals [æ n I m ə l s]
4. Back [b æ k]

Graphemes to represent the [ æ ] sound are : a, ai, au

Words with [ ae ]
absence - [ǽbsns] abandon - [ə b æ n d ə n ]

afternoon - [ǽftɚnun] abdomen - [æbdəmən]

anchorage - [ ǽ ŋ k ә r I dƺ ] abscess - [æbsεs]

bachelor - [ b ǽ tʃ ә l ɚ ] absence - [ æ b s ə ns ]

bade - [bǽd] absolute - [æbsəlut]

cabin - [kǽbIn] accent - [æksənt]

glamour - [glǽmɚ ] accident - [ æ k s I dn t ]

mandatory - [mǽndәtәrI] actor - [æktɚ]

plaid - [plǽd] adequate - [ æ d ə k w I t]

married - [mǽrId] algebra - [ælʤəbrə]

back - [bǽk] assassin - [ ə s æ s I n]

pack bag - [pǽkbǽg] asthma - [æzmə]

chance - [ t∫ ǽn s ] atlas - [ætləs]

example - [ Ig zæm p’l] laugh - [ l æ f]

Catholic - [ k æƟ l I k] pageant - [ p æ ʤ ə n t]

catcher - [ kæ ʧɚ ] meringue - [məræɳ]

Sentence Exercises:

1. Ann packed some salmon sandwiches and pineapple jam for her lunch.
2. My aunt handed the plaque to the best actress of the year.
3. Stop acting like an amateur or they laugh at you.

[a]
The tongue tip must be pleased lightly on the floor of the mouth. The back of the tongue is
raised lightly. The mouth is opened wide.
1. Warm [ w a r m]
2. Planet [p l a n ɛ t]
Graphemes to represent the sound of [a ] are: a, o, uo, e.

Words with [ a ]
 afar [ə f a r] harbor [h a r b ɚ]

archives [a r k a I v s] large [l a r ʤ ]

armory [a r m ə r I] march [m a r ʧ]

artist [a r t I s t] margin [m a r ʤ I n]

barber [b a r b ɚ] parchment [p a r ʧ m ə n t]

bazaar [b ə z a r] pardon [p a r d’n]

cartilage [k a r tI l I ʤ] parlor [p a r l ɚ]

cartoon [k a r t u n] part [p a r t]

charge [ʧ a r ʤ ] participant [p a r t I s I p ə n t]

dart [d a r t] participle [p a r t I s I p’l]

departed [d I p a r t I d] quantity [k w a n t I t I]

discharge [dIst arʤ] scar [s k a r]

façade [f ə s a d ] spark [s p a r k]

father [f a ðɚ ] star [s t a r]

guardian [gardIən] harbor [h a r bɚ]

Sentences:

1. Tom promised to visit the dark-eyed beauty he met at the party.

2. There’s a bargain sale of garments at the market.
3. Our dog barked and gnarled at the robbers.
4. The art shop is not far from here.
5. Arthur dropped some coins into a large alms box.

Sentences:

1. The butcher found the ax near the ox.

2. Add all the odd numbers.
3. Who placed this rock on the rack.
4. Sam read a psalm fro the Bible.
5. Drive the cat away from the cot.
Speech Focus

Vowel Sounds
[u]
The tongue is drawn for back and up to the highest possible point. The lips should be
rounded and protruded. And the opening is reduced to the minimum.
1. Choose [ʧ u s]
2. Two [t u ]
3. Do [d u]

Graphemes to represent the [ u ] sound are: oo, ou, o, oe, ew, ue, u, iu, ui

Words with [u]

afternoon [ ǽ f t ɚ n u n] douche [duʃ]

blooming [blumIɳ] group [grup]
boon [bun] Lou [l u ]
boot [but] soup [sup]
buffoon [bʌfun] through [Ɵ r u ]
choose [ʧuz] tour [tur]
coup [ku] troubadour [trubadUr
doom [d u m ] trousseau [truso]
food [fud] troopers [ t r u p ɚ z]
loose [l u s ] two [tu]
swoon [swun] do [du]
tooth [t u Ɵ ] lose [luz]
troop [t r u p ] move [muv]

[U]

The tongue is raised mid-high. The lips should be rounded and protruded. Mouth opening
is a bit wider. The production of the sound is quick.
1. Good [g U d]
2. Could [k U d]
3. Would [w U d]
Graphemes to represent [ U ] sound are: u, oo, ou, o

Words with [ U ]

bullet [b U l I t] book [b U k]

bullfight [b U l f a I t] brook [b r U k]

bullion [b U l j ə n] brotherhood [b r ۸ ð ɚ h U d]

bully [ b U l I] cooking [ k U k I ŋ]

bulwark [b U l w ɚ k] crook [ k r U k]

bush [b U ∫] foot [f U t]

butcher [b U ʧ ɚ] good [g U d]

cushion [k U ∫I ə n] hood [h U d]

full [f U l] hood man [h U d m æ n]

pudding [p U d I η] took up [ t U k ^ p]

pull [p U l] mistook [m I s t U k]

pulley [p U l I] shook [∫ U k]

pulpit [p U l p I t ] stood [s t U d]

push [p U ∫] wolf [w U l f]

put [pU t] wooden [ w U d ,n]

Sentences:

1. Is the wood box full?

2. Pull the child away from the edge of the pool.
3. Do you want to look at Luke’s painting?
4. Sue stood by as the cook stewed the meat.
5. His new suit was smeared with soot.
 Speech Focus

Vowel Sounds:
[o]
The back of the tongue is raised mid-high toward the palate. The jaw is lowered a little,
then raise it as you complete the sound. The lips should be rounded than for [ ) ] and should be
protruded slightly.
1. Toadfish [t o d f I ʃ]
2. Both [b o Ɵ]
3. So [s o]
4. Coast [k o s t]

Graphemes to represent the sound [ o ] are: o, oa, ow, oe, ou, eau, oo, ew, au
Words with /o/

doze [ d o z] program [ p r o g r ә m]

focus [f o k ә s] roll [rol]

Holy [h o l I] so [s o]

coat [kot] doughnut [ d o n ә t]

coast [ k o s t] chateau [∫æto]

loan [ l o n] soul [ s o l]

phone [ f o n] quote [ k o t]

woke [ w o k] float [ f l o t]

close [ k l o z] suppose [ s ə p o s]

bold [ b o l d] bureau [ b j Ur o ]

[ ‫]כּ‬

The tongue must assume the same position as in the production of [ a ]. The lips are
rounded without protrusion. The muscles of both tongue and lips exert very little tension.
1. Monster [m ‫ כּ‬n s t ɚ]
2. Cause [k ‫ כּ‬s]
3. Long [l ‫ כּ‬ɳ]
Graphemes to represent the [ ) ] sound are: a, au, aw, ou, o.

Words with [ ‫] כּ‬

alderman [‫ כּ‬l d ɚ m ə n] fought [ f ‫ כּ‬t]

altar [‫ כּ‬l t ɚ] Paul [ p ‫ כּ‬l]

alter [‫ כּ‬l t ɚ] Reward [r I w ‫ כּ‬r d]

altercation [‫ כּ‬l t ɚ k e ∫ə n] salt [s ‫ כּ‬l t]

alternate [‫ כּ‬l t ɚ n e t] tall [ t ‫ כּ‬l]

balsam [b ‫ כּ‬l s ə m] war [w ‫ כּ‬r]

call [k ‫ כּ‬l] warm [ w ‫ כּ‬r m]

chalk [ʧ ‫ כּ‬k] wash [ w ‫]∫ כּ‬

halt [h ‫ כּ‬l t] water [w ‫ כּ‬t ɚ]

bought [b ‫ כּ‬t] sought [s ‫ כּ‬t]

fought [f ‫ כּ‬t] thought [Θ ‫ כּ‬t]

ought [‫ כּ‬t] caught [k ‫ כּ‬t]

because [ b I k‫ כּ‬z] audience [ ‫ כּ‬d i ə ns]

author [ ‫ כּ‬Θ ɚ] applaud [ ə p l‫ כּ‬d]

inaugurate [ I n ‫ כּ‬g I U r e t] automobile [ ‫ כּ‬t ə m ə bil]

auditorium [‫ כּ‬d I t ‫ כּ‬ɚ i ə m] lawyer [ l‫ כּ‬j ɚ]

precaution [ p r I k ‫∫כּ‬n] daughter [ d ‫ כּ‬t ɚ]

hors d’oeuvre [‫כּ‬ɚdɚv] launderer [ l ‫ כּ‬n d ə r ɚ]

Sentences:

1. He took a long pause in the hall.

2. Paul walked across the lawn to retrieve the golf ball.
3. His daughter is going abroad to take up a course in foreign service.
4. Whenever he calls, the dogs run to him and holds up its front paws.
5. The barely audible applause of the audience followed an awkward pause.
6. The law of extra compensation is beneficial to the low salaried workers.
7. He gave a strong jab on the jaw of Jo.
8. Why did he not call and order coal from the company.
9. Mother called the doctor to treat severe cold.
10. Those horses ought to eat oat now.