GIPTA Rar eager eld AQUAEritheliur Pee Brogria - 50s, fonts, lymphil? ae. a > 3 Musculors Mucosa: Stilt, 4 Subemaces Ce" Peoatechie Fir patent se tdi 56. Cireslar Lage Bas a 4) Serosa / Aventtie. f ~in vespendan pat y cis Rem. 70; & Basic Layers So Macosa 4. Submucr? © 3 Marcilas Gxt 4 Berora / bdveutiin OM MEER cat sesh © 1 -In_ocsognegus,. s4tabdied [a ot naebet epehain ele, rilechion from yok daseedes 2-\a (ese 2, Coane valet 236" sim GOMES BoaET cous Show Sore TB pet Wn duodsnom, jejenum 4 shea 37% Mo ievtlee eagle cfanmar but Ws Goblet “CeLts ” bz to berge indesine= sume, Simple with bbls = Gechulh = same. & Bral cana 4 T 8 wal canal of Eguhtew t “Squrmous Now-Keratnrred 'Eayer anal val SS eee Ae rnisfal| 1 "| > Epithelam’s Funchon> @ Prowcton. - orbhion o HeceeetnanGiven ao eoapheges, proiecing veall of eeughagus from @ abrasions ey facd going dows Nore ‘coslens Lumen of GIT praveal covsidercd outsile FRR het Tainafosuatiee onc =deeen's alley gothogs 4 oily 4 orhee Movies guleston: held ey dghtly &- jig} amc. wid REE er ete Sa ot Se geet: Oe Bare, wes mu . paar Tet al Mg 3 someon! yes cron jerental Maley a gerall esee wie eae Cotta Toaen wion" Ghjea Calg + Spal ala Gees Cot Hees eee ae % columnar alls in? iptesrine Cespecally swall) , = thee “embedded eurgues. whidt digest of prowies A Carber 95 inal Slegs aj digestion i = Uelp adsorb dion CE hdheston 74 ahoms, ima molecules — @ Gum 9%, avid, poll 40 a surjete) Enzymes’ Alseachaudores Rigeptiseass = Wosxbed sab aeeiees Gu to Laine Crogeig delete TTT Mae alate bleed Webee ie igeqhoue Skee Be Ae eda | as v CO enaymer Ena eta tt meee E SoS SEL ot a sake ee = $00 indi lows propria | micosal reals. Gas 2 Seine Mp alt Sul hctinn Casson plo) I duuodtium = eunnes gland whidh gvohuce Bikatie Speen Gee reubiiliene, e So Pe eeeeeenenenananqaqacceecegeseagaeaaag:= Blends Ahei gn oud the Ci. well ; shrough ducts, i Gee oy gies Ohne ~ Uver 4 Rancress ore antranural very bi Tovtbads lebipase sestomens’ Shrovals Auctso ints Oypedenum ‘9 aol duistalleria| abagest hia Inbeie oj, Tsiupcath wats Lbs) inl ecaller >asasl [Page » "oy needs Bite caner-Gyer gf oral alls TMs RB engittacat als = projections ox golds (reduced im Centcrction) within Metab Cee eos ~conpanly 15 “wdapendana oj gefistallic Pcl Of iS hid SS feccuad By SSeS ei —Verina grog = Coane ne tise = hos blac. vessels 4 Cphavc uhlth ae Tegoctont gon absorber radaccls oy c Gre, Sects Hes, 2a, (ona gos exch gem “egabetist sh oe Pl role in absockiow » = has tis of lods = res ole of Rymglsera issue for gictection =] Seeoal patues oy CP thraught CIS = An cesughege (lover part) - special mucoas - Stercend Wns ~~ Catiinc gleas Comite ie Birds SA catdize cegiens Oh Bowoch = In stomach _ LP has lore ey gee gles “yusy ano geen YAS DHEIANT "i poe 1 saS ee nin eke 9 = An mall abestne - LE help Mt gorming, projections Cvill), * SUM rr s gro wascales's “mus: also gp Wao willsBlind pared e a f i fer Maa. = has. (cleat ache Tymghoiic vesse( which 1s = Small \niestinal U.P has a¢eda! glands called Crugio qh Lgiuchaun if inienditus spmce Cyerts) $f Cebwr esha Which secrete Special substances = Comin “ygoona= secreting, Paneth cells Aiggstive: Algeat Woclerial ca walls 4 alpha-desansins . = Crupts o} ertshn alse 21 sR. eer they le Wave Goble alls, anol -s a it , L Sta eck eee = Upmpld aseces OBE neds in LP ~ Lyraghoid redules enlogd — Pegs oiches Inter So; glands: Qe20) LW» Cordrac Cl Seamepe singe Genre fest Small inbovinn Cdaetlannum, Jue, sews) © L.0 hos r lesa gl mas e erlled Crgeis ey Lieber ed hn = in ‘lev - (2192 mosses 9) Lywy issua te Bay Ehud) cP Heoce sealled adches fess ricto-Sald calls — ante 4 feoen Fiat inte og —w we pepo yoices = Eee oh, Lar miestine | he aatterea lymph “hsboes 6 nalules leo vessels e © ymghatics= abo has po) LieberKGhy but no Pree a ay eset tee ~ alse bas no peeks alls =e in ams, = nag very important veies, ympheid siswes 4 wee = Bie peur Sebscos plows, circum anal ginnis - Blood vessel inghatics , iA all Have a be fea lates tet or kgr ene eh be ccs Submuws2 Veneguler, dlanse comrecti¥e Hogue - Present proved mus Vessels nerve plxvyes 4 ceczsion al Swe eens, - shat bleed “ ye We Le oye ee kae ae ee? = impesraat zubmaiscol fovos : Soghee geal — atoeals e £ Ceteae gees, PER) DZ very imputart age placuses oe ey, submacose + inns oy ciruulor lager © Pekan “cindiler (ager oy Moenteinn a “lenge bye © Submuisdl plows Ceisnas plercu) Se Cores plows) - = Wes semi whe with 92ra, = ue ie 1? fe ¢. Loppers “pies Pee call bodies ~ tres eet 5; im il 4 bees a corr. i ee fe. Se ges ye 2 geaicn eres fo Heyone pai + ON ange blood vessels in LP a bived pew - fog. sectetons 4 absorletion from mucosa = TS)» in memento] Mudculetis Macca 9as aeIeerererereece Maly ‘i i olili Nouler layer SE ae tye ey cman Wet” ye aal pote rr ¢ especially stalls + Sgwenterdu movmeny ele 7 gd AGE Ne celia? poncrens sina Mndsire ; coxeum, ase colon” rams colon le r - ‘ i See yO SI Rg Raa yeti col 4 ps. colon. D> Musculeris extama > Wage) Sotceths muscles outsicle Submuees> oD wel dagined laayers @ laren layer = chreuker Smuactls vascles - bes rol iv mnicitg, waves, < AICE a some p25 = sphinedns @ auler lays long todieal ~ important in perisrales — An eesoghageys, = Ment. maul Maletat wsche, C's) Pre FAS ofl tb 6 perdesal I) manscles A - Was smoot! ~ in stomack - 3 t © cutide~ long. © aig ~ Ciler sect vasa - “olbliqually onetaley nS na} senuede An small wegstio Snecma; © taner - circular © Ouse ~ Vong pachnr- le SEL Das Ne sa SEND Rn Cah ee x Pe iw lever pact; smoofn mwsck 4hicken 40 mate pancher Wich jhe facta ea en Eee at et Subse eats, Seti made of shirted Loser "Desop hain! sfduder ww = Smooth muse istic ead ingen 4 oon tg Ouibclanees Peas vet Andon a “enake ileric sphinckr Sa e e | c e e eGURRRSSSASDSDS DAS ERDA DEED OOD rele scat musk Eh ed cy Wlewm rake o ley-aucil Spacer er” vale Hat end oy Ipige testing; cicculiy layer oround anus ~ Finkskal anal sphineker oa = ekernal anal sphincr - striakd - volun ay Control 4 ginarally, vaner - circular; outer smeoth orient longi Vatiatons: (were exaans) =n large colon: long. mot present throyshecst | saa Siena, =a yen coli | 9 = Teriin Coli produced | > Sewsa = has mesctlalial calls with Vile wacludlying conh 4s : haben Ne uly com. tissue without Mesoadeliel "ETT Ss attached with abdominal or pebic Cavity eg. those port of vesphagus.Ho WS aig ye 2PS +2 wilt og HO — 25911 He -= bt mms See wage 220° SL 7 ay > —_ we s . oppo tt ~ aA wferz myo zashee 2 te + neh = AH sept > eo eee (Oye sae GEN YD mam dS -y SnD ay | slemmoRay eoy — | jee teen syenew Seg b - trend e - we & - seeolboieled “Ww - o7 teed 9S ae Ww tautlty 4K “Satepetey spre yeped ~ , ATR: NS :+yeA? “sopmeP risvay Suey Ure — sco: vd Ldod ener fo: ee \ reoy wouter y zt) upmagier m0 amg + 82 sO - aes beg Up 98 wrems enyanp eae ‘ - e e e = a4 = ~ Le e e attt U kak ae eee ead . ° Gastro=\niestinal Moulity - 1 Abualle: tooe exits = In musclaris mucesi we see omoeth musdes as very Hein laygr. = Most smooth myscls in GIT wall are present jn Musealans eeserna = 2 layers Smooth Muycles 0) GIT. tn detail ~ "make bunds TM" one bundles - 1600 smooth musck cells fame bundle cirullor \wside «long evisicle » “Comnected “With, Cap ~yunchous low webtant chames for ions # simall rretabplic Utige metabolites com move from one Simably"muscle se an = any electical Ackuay “inn OMe sypooth muscle alls Bae TPN pabarg Et? otebet Nek 4 Bove as network nciium , Celectrical) Z smooth musck im one bundle” ALSO connects ae neighbouring, bundles . % i GIT umrary smosah guscles- ter ~chemunieding, clectrie nator = Jew connections biwe smooth musck bunds in fouter-longuudmal 4 janer circular bundles a1 we Actus \n GIT smoosh Myscle TA TERT REGRRS ells oy Cajal = Jound lotwn. to, © coc. cells. Feedece ecacten” veiations. = thrugh Gap Jun Jose mtighbeunng Smrcely musclesElectrical Activity iM One Smooth Muscle cell ~ #MP = -bOmv Twreshald Potential? -toa © = One theory, is she! there are Ca” chawnel which allow Ca¥ “4eictling in ach To co eos Wwe 60m > -hS.n' EME becomes less? negative . -bO “bS = Aa peak ; Kt ion channels oer Jone leak-ous 7 membrane become mae neg = HS av > =bo mv Membrare fluctuates producing Slow waves. But ‘Se Mor “Scsew fetes, ee =n stomach , slow waves grodued Sines /wi PARE See ID ORE Ce Done om =n Seen V2 iches Comin 7 = Again, those slo waves ore fot et 4h dent pred. Comrrect\on lodd Bet alee oadic trea “Oy electrical jot — Wh gent gp yslo were setehes Three 400 Wage sensitive meee | Cav 7 ia" chon Bes, Car’ Finjten = Membrane becpenes fully depolarized. is Ta oes Su ial FOROS ha Con back +0 een aunt SR - there ve He AP al Bi OVn\ Sic her then Fens Pema epio 5h foeahe a se jokuntrals = So = Spike potentals can oly be duced ov to) Spe Sa 3 en fF - No, o AP deperch on how large § Lowy —esave = + tows long, Slew - Wave remains H +hreskclel , Vs a ax uri \ tentials , AERO USE” CaaS ce ed.” smoorh pidel ania = Tension smoosh mus produced by comracten, eee ON segs ENS! Smee lecttical ach im smooth Muscles mma SBR Slow - elst t a iD eThe jreq, of slow- waves also determines +he MY Bracaciens : Note! 2 Wipes 9} Comractions Mm G.1.7 BD Tonic = prolonyet , persistant conection’ © Phosic - PmrmNehy > conisction ~ mlrxation “Spiked potentials primarily control Thasic = Not only con amplitude 9 slow waves Gan be changed; "nor ouly Pgreq. Of AP con be changed, We ea changed “ Ss e Vv £ 4 See _gacters move, RMP (flor FUGnll = |= Bom See Seca ee ear ase eiee Hyper -polevanion -Whot Factors male smoot muscles more Excitable Ccleser te threshold) ? ® Stretch in smeeth muscles %. when bolus ©} good in lumen 4 ELT stretched a Ca% chanmels ite holes in elastic membrane) become under + cation influx ~EMP nevrer to threshold > stronger slow waves ® Acedy\ Choline Muearine 3 recepters in smooth Muscles = EWler Beets) choline SEE drugs or vogue nerve SHinnilgte MS" cecegsors Sta agua: SRMES threshold ecibe © Some hermonss sfim. eleciricel activity ly G.t-T by, loading smocth muscles with c#Hons. = What Faclars cause Hager polarization 2 ® Norepine hime stimulationD Sympathet N.S. stimulation NOTE? Hormones give Signal 4c Ca” stores in ° Elan gstid cmadth muscias Nesvows ‘Control G.1.5. - Enteric § | i (also Known as 3" division gy WIS OC sinlp = Parzen) ° Maakene wn "GIL S wall comsolered 25 Enteric Part ® Submucosal Neuronal Pleceus C Mek 2 Between citcular ¢ longitudinal muscles i Muscularis fasten CA. ie — Myemeric Plecus Ase! :s) seve Chet om 1. Submucosal plexus mainly controls secretions ° ey mutosal «| submucesa! “glands ~Thlso centicls bleed - ahrough Sub-eiucose S Lame Propria — aBserbxion So; U regulates secretion, absorbtion, blood plow Aug, it also contrcls Chas ingluency on neuio-endocrine cells im duis area - Cemirols Local Areas + small areas in CLS. 1. Myentene Plecus Mainly comered with reguledion ef menity of Gis, > s ~ Scan work indegendawity of outside neuronal wer Contre | We, These Plexi are also calkd mini -be2in Wow de these work ? . = When ood sAretches, GS. ; sensofy neuron sHiriahseg ed | Stimulating miemienc plexus - Secondl ew Signal giver to mucosa Spee A PON Asien” Cth seks Reirens aK." agaale wo ryensecte ploms, ~ In order istalis need Contractiow or oral Sen ey Rails “Gnd on Abtoral “Canad side Woonedld relax. Woua jis dhis adieved ? - IM Mgenteric Plexus we hove 2," Ascendin seA Neston $ "d= Descending “set reer . = On Ascendug side ME wan! coutrachon 7 Himlation = On Decauaidtg we want relaxation > inkioiterId @ BE fic ale n Bee tesa A ea ata So" Sanghen, De pace! Bene Beas 21 9, aMtelnen Satin cae el gst fat 22 Enkrp = Gasine lex = when content of, small of arg iMdesHine Over-loaded, Stench vhilot 2a. 19, Collynal=Inzl_rejloc - when caon overlorded, han Loe ges teacher of tee? ceucel valve, oo Foe. along wi vagus “Le (hegaugs pe eg ee woh Vie Vegus. 32 De deca. - when Pentehs the gen colon A rectum go te spiral tite mote dibers come Upa = When’ x park overloaded wih fecal meera agelllal G.| Motility, ea Eunchenal Tye oy Movement in GiT asim ® Pre sls we Movement = peers good or ghyme gerword fom anal side © Mixing Movemont ei abet to be mixed wibl CTT Dade es st jeod Con be eligiesit ts ulsive Movement As inherent ure oy all tree Poimnens ia |e a paces Or conn. to evth other vin gap junc. Calse seen in ducts ak fares Gree = sean Ss, ae pence known as ferisialis © SHG SONI Yoh Lath wn Se Ee cele erie plecus Renin ciiircar iat ahatttions, [oe Ore imbibiter ® Mm erere (eras con a0) be stimulated Ba. special jest subsronce ke “amine” 30 Be ec Nin §£00) which “shin eplers in mico! Irrigation Sn mucosa May 2190 stim. certein Senden Neurons - Ascend navrons release SMW smaurotramsmiteus be “Ach “s Substance &- cronienally Dercending rele2re VIP 4 WO distally = Smooth muscle proximal to stmulus consirict = muscles ‘in rosa eer cerns distal te the SFimolus “Hots much 4415 Fring moves Ones H duvelegs pendant on il amouns md gee) eicrrab, Ieby we GAT at ae wer $ ae Sine 5 APES * he stim, 24 hat Tet an more 2 \ohger dstonae! art re SHORETEL ITTILITLALIILEL ELLIE TEST. = When sensory neuron Stimulates A: a uk Astanding nesrevs. produce T Chole * anc womey aed Shinna nadie. Seas mites = Substana P+ Ach stimulale neurons on on Ceculde smooth muscles ~ Descending neuccns are simulated by both mucosal Streteh Stimulus. which “are Inline MoS V*Vase- active - Igurstinal: pepkea OCMC =~ ‘These Desc. ‘neurons release these © main yon longitudinal smooth muscls a5 well a Groulart Note: Number oj neurons im Enteric W-S almost equel $0; Enric - 2 Parts - Submucosal + | Myendric MSubmacesal ! mayniy concerned | withY secretions ree & alseT control murcilens mucés: = Myentene peat” motility control Vnitrconnacted age 4S nter-conn. dese. nauions, Stimultony whikbery, Y= Enteric, NS is also gaced by, Ay s Sygate 4!” Parasgalpathenic e Saeral out pelvic Peres = From vagus nae, pregangiionte fibbus come u see eee uel Wpcrvai® baity neurcil vietic a “Subundcozal Pleni 8 Boer ieee - For lc N. = fom n fora I Senate daeS From there poet gangione gibe Same 4 y tngteenae GE 2 Boies S27S3°S* thrtugh 5599399999999999999999939999999999999999999999 w Oral side, Which relense phase neurodrensni bers -These descending reurous release neuro —tronimiblers ovnumber oy neurons in spinal chord | 100mtlen cos. Abserbi\on, Bioocl Flow = Parmenter supplied. yin cranial vagal, oul/ bir :— ——— Eyjeds of Syeqathetic + Para-sympailiic NS on GIS = Syeap shane NS stim. under ~ $4 Tarts lows eeanh so. sectee. Bt ahat ight or ig remant. “ & pathetic NS is grimar Wibiter of GIS 2h eject on Ser 4 PD LEG canicels Vescuisdoe gy Gis = Para0, od anh an: ach tree ed” Geta: increh sed, \ncreases gordulr Secroh GAS; mizing? event} ows im GUS. ~Vagal fibers stim. M. nic Neurons - Peristalis. Pie aie SAWS more Secrohous , more absorbtions - Roth 2 @ tens lecrebion ‘Tt Abserb+itn — Syme. celer Noregirephine - inhibl rc eerereaa eoe a Becus, Averbacl = Yours also act on loc vessels directly. RTIacAing Abeww So cod diverted +e more? tmp. ares Vike skeletal muscles. 2), Peristalsis 4 : Wore: ln GiS , seme short sensory neurons ® Cell beckes 1m “wall &, GAT) why dake M Gansation Sr mucds 2) se mmyendvvic pluxus pees, otter local sen: reweons Which alee 5 reich sensation +o Ne Plex; - © Some otter sensuny neurons ‘ale seusaiion alors WW v2gus CUagds rare = F5% seo? medals >> tr © More sens. rewrons thai fate sevSatiors from GUS te Spinal chor eae 4a sunoatiov> up te sympaihete S Reflexes related with G.I. T system o = gud Sense ge peurous ake | rom one part oy LS ve anoiler ln cause local eeristalsis - rifetion or obs anst secretion oroy tiking Movement O)-Progsve movemunt dhumsebes can do some degre of mixing. = Doge ecole an arm i, nd naicgring Poa eet hcivteneiats [tava nl! = In ring, movement, localized conetichion ri Depo aT tiple places OEE de ned Suave Cooving is Propulrvre) = sen epments | Hokded So; aj “taatigly oats constriction acpeats | a ey dling CLT into femal segnants, BEER Derameal Siemens = a4 dig. diews, these segmental movements ep pear Srvltrassty’ but at Agp points ia 2 ones Op leven Otte up S conknts Aived with “AYn secret ons > diy. contene bi vn Scomeach with mucosa absubhon Role oy Myentertc Plex\ ‘in these movements. 4 je gUdus ned Junchonal es re plexcus lata wget dee Ho seppment 0} GT syste s. agenglionic senate ss PF ne peastauis ahs iy om atropine 15 given ha ign done muscalnie reeeptes got ACH bletked CAol Chulse 1s Fn. Muro-dedvomithey 7 ACh Jail io wotk on (LT smooth muscle 3 ho movemuntt, Law ey Gut - our CLT Wy Seip lew Aoi Ma such 2 eee) inate tant Carel Ttended Ps4uclatel ; peristalsis produced aby ‘oral Soyerteric rapes. [acts (more: lat Porat side Aes ext on? anal side.ee Le Chewing = teeth ve regi ign) fears fore, Kind death’ Very goed ger Oprah fe chewing beth voluntory 4 nessa 1 cating Chewing Reylec mpler someting put wn mouth CS tek cana ty SRE RES tucks Tay mastication so = Close mouth» temporal: wosborer medial or = open mew: TEBE DGS Mie Anidially you voluntarily comeress ; Sure in Ny yer veluntanly come pressure gral Ahan jn_ oral, cavily give Signal 40 brain Sheet webick satnes wade gD" mastication “7 “yaw drops ides Saw drogen Sire reflex , mucdes on Yenostieatier ‘comiact. > rebduad’ comvacke a when Comtivel you chew When pecsor in oral cavity T 99sin you WIG Opes eles “ey imase, ype Uotrog rsh regan Q ‘ =, Advan Chemin 1 Re ced with Jobo 4 salivary eneywas laze) an stad Norting’en ‘Oaibodnghraces 2 sale miyed - bolus lubsicata. 3 Jocd particks become very small. F less chance vf excoriation or domag to maces, surges area T - cnaymalic digestion ocelerate) 0, Svaltowing = pets of ghargne wore Jor ener pase 5 Fell as Ser goo ebssage. = So we should be Cart, aha ea ee Shee & e e o STEUER ERE CC COECOCORORR RRO OROOOROCORORRRORORRE GOR)f = swallowing is process ay taking bolus o oct pee raialitea 3 SeD Say Pe Sdom2'ch. = Aber enough chewing, when, food Is ready Jer RESORT POS a eH Bes ES oial Stag oj Swallowing BRI hog Lan bov Mood WES Yessed Baines palate - a oping © hrignx share Dre lots o, Beceraa car ina it - all mucos@® very sensifive = when olus, youches these » ee Atageing of Wallets ai maces = fonsillar gills ee ridusy Areas im sets recegherS Jet swatiowing puryert. ott A shmuilahon, sensory system +nles sensation 1 ake ONS eee | T gree” aniction (7/3 eS © Jouch, pain, emp: 7 OEM Aree 4 parce - S04 Tne ‘ale, ae, peroony, ope 40 CNS, jo Swallowing - lex Tcener wich! is very ager TS respretony gamier incmedulla 3 npvasen in Srehtcuter formation « very ner de AUuCleus -4fochus solitshes + or Components come oud ahtoyah 5” 4 be Bersegh Cumineerees Campden gor Siglo gla - ase hock o™" muive Cals (ots af fibers Seem Pvc. Sebigues) ~ tengoe Is moved fy 2" neve = when net eDtieg , upper Osephagial spkincier Woks Se Rho? Nd es ned Banter inagg oprah, to bus — Mower oesogne ial 1s also closed +e prevent May, G) 3cid deem stomach» f a - nr, ‘al wallowing , © rte 7 Migrant cat satu auent Pedic Grom “gang te naephoynx “or! msal cavity, SUDBUDDDDDEODODDDLLLELEDEDEORLELEELOLEOLELES7B fies ng paglex stimulztes closure ay vocal eerd dries to Pale. ft Segue Pao get weg ce pa AG Te doses on it 3 eesoghagial symincker opens ees sei al sfhincie is he lowermost ort Cons Glee Lon prorangeal wall hoo S Ged muscles a TBagentr uamtcchve 2) Magia” overyetes 3 Iyenor Smee ior met goed Coa dul, ae ental bone EE hg ie yh acts OS uypet ophagial wot, Se "aS Upc “Ud! ne acbwecds; even A ake ® when econo We Yoni ee Wena sees ale peer Moy A “end $3 Seon 29 swallow shi tea eeai aca SUI St ot tee > vocal chords” ap proxidaase 3 Bigre “rove’ ug osuora 2 epgteh< covers! Targha 9 Viper cesophagsal Splancke opens - SO feed only have one way to move: = at shat moment. forsale wove io erayngeal muscles conmiicton oR Cus, - fokien e, laryngeal ° OS Re aa S thease 2 deat 7 pharyngeal phase 0} swallowing completecl > Jyom oral a = eUgeS! sda: 4 see everyting, in ghatyfigenl wide” 2, 3 sec Comin c)"a 4 SODDDDDDDDDDEDEODUDE DEER D ER EER bad boob eee eee :@ Pian ceseph ayia! stage o) sucilowng bolus taken Grom upper cere plhagus) > sremaeh — CB-10 #0) NOTE: oesphagis can suailew In amis gravity fashion ayer entry of eesoghoyus - Law ot Gut opermes, Dood bolus stretches 4not gat hi ed be anes 6 cesophingts weal achat persian Cit Sin ath om ieee ce istal: relores lo h2yi2\ sphinekt © ree EE Somace — recep BenRies ~ when vols is nea lower oe. splin. celmees satomgticaley, sud sin: to pple ere any o} nhinbidery o peurearbeem' Ste be Swe. itt 7 Good bolus comes to syomach = in some diserses, lover oes sph. grils to clan, ed reCum. in oeroghgus a Taos er stomach —S Rehalasis e i - nen Ae plexus mud were 9m some diseased mgonicne yrgien psend We: Difgiculy im swallowirg » Dapghagea = some condifions Where parasite caled Taprnosora Crus: that destroys gorglion oy myentuie gle rem arses A ofagrgeh Gonteaine A ‘corre! wn se ob soph zu, eos Hag AES Ee peas Solantion 4 stretch 4 ere until Nea vou! dhrown inte stomach. ee nocmally eens bacteria which ace Killed Siemoun.? 5 fond, retained in oesophegue ke ckea bad smell ate Not oe athe ood enter ime See + mucore ef oeseyhegus OM become ularBted————— GA Montity 5 7 Motor Functions © Stomach Remember in muscaleis Ora oy me stOmoch B layers Cone extrad, oblique layer ~All muscles of stomach > smith muscles. Besic Functions @ Stomach st 292 ces rot Mowenrant® Emp ging, of Stomach « Q = When we are coding ; i Gea sepia in Dionne . 3 food) preceesbed tr BS Small intestine Feat psa $0 Auden, bogie. - When Jood ( bolus) ttecoches A __sAaaetad + lowest Wea. LigS teegnve, relation occurs. arouse Myatt: Plemee - Bul os 7 Comes wie, Stomach > pressed reeraies, “Talmost same. Volume ® ods Tearetch aise 7. Ghage- Wrap) refx Note: Paraoyngathuic dbus are mutor te GAT = Usually stomach teres 14-154 of Jood Trterstsial Calls 03 Cajal ach a5 pacewater sin pia 2 Bot slate waves i = tieute” spite waves ontop Greduce Conlractio cyntighce aha scchon of” sich) 2 4ypes ed Contidckows prodluad every 15-20 see ~- Weak contractions i MAKING WWoverlents: 8 Strong “Gonivachons © fle engi - minute 3-4 constriction rags produced Eda Move, towards pulerus resulirha. 40% WEAK Compiokong ats Ving 0¢ ghtened . = BASES CB AAI NIRS wer " =i concer mized wish secretions this 2 nen Da Bearcpalacn Ss SPPPPRLLLLLLLLLLLLLLALVLLLLLiLisisisisisasd:7 oDDDDDDDDD DDD A DADS DDD a DDD Daa aaa Deb eaeeee ° ° — Alventage 9) mikwg movements Som Stomech, water 4 Secrefions become Sepals solld poste “ke mnaterial = Gy geste Coqymed "passed dhvcuge “(Shes =a fa at tum Pon's Sef Dyce 1 MEG cage Ut Emap “rtoverants E won a - eee noe sgeptenilly 5 closes buat Jeu “nace 207. Strong perisralsis ~ sor Yen iRiny movemenis, weat perisolns > ov aie = Bren 4 ui 2ce acting 2 becmow called nicl rod = 5 Pees” 4 or Le i aay out 83 io body arene aes "HH wen Ce Migenens? Veen ete ~ when you ere hostages drains te, rythoic contrathons siart Note ea Sure 3 WING As ap Hy to gush out ony = when rapid gerstalic movements in becky of Stomacl ~ sometious maultigl Mavemanls, > proclice Jetor'< conterchon” whith may produce " are apatite lost kel a Witlin 3-4 days readws “ak ther dyes down * ore.” stron 303? a fags # hast ee Sine MSE or in” bgpabiy Lemie ~ Ceal anne trol of emptying mechoni is “a ape eet 4 Nockatn a eclrnctsr dan Ee Eee as 5 ame, oreo ~ Ay too seer comes 40 ducdenum 4 ryejum, oo >t groper digestion 4 Boece” Can} occur, So how do Duedinum 4 Jeyum control io x ucts Resta Sou easiest 2 Tecnu should be abl se contre! gglerse Sprincte eelStomach rem) ducekamurn, Ts ant late, ho fe * eee eg as echitenel, Perna eieee * ? yea foes cd TT SiMiplaene 94 goed y trate oy emplyiog sl - SUS a sagen * chonnels 7 > Contraction t B vale ef emptying * 2: Stomach produces gastrin by G-clls In Piedad goss ky ~ Primarily Gastrin produced to stim. HCI greater gastie ole? - eleved 4 aston Wcreases, intensity 4 Lahey ey Stomach combroctors, 3. Pa arRS yey athehe N.S sHiwlejs sempune fel) ~ ganeenblesnenge drugs cause other conte A > Duodenal Peotors ~ Ly too much ents Com stomach ie Geaodonien “Stomach fess DIG Ge stavros clown siaraer ae Ae Sima come 40 duockimunr mater" ackuity ‘nnibited inero “gosine Reg Stretch recegiers in ucdenuna achivade ee VES MANNE, LIST ° om et fibers in duccknu. ry 2 Set enc” g3 pangiion 7 jibes “sorb 3 ben > Sorat atwity in stomach * Cees 9 4 Btowtad inal Pe nae UR Ger synrtiekcydhs fee oe ier Ractms back a inti >What erates Enkte-

: WAS highly aoc . PH je Avedumes goes Ahehie 343, x = This addi: s feiss | Pt aleited ors in Modanum Swucosa « Mbibi syomech Ging HCE,” Aw pancreatic juice e bile naactro lier his } : faints =alsht \ care, ae ser tare gee voted feast qa will vabsee foo the mucosa prodiccne ie aoe te » eat shan Stowesche slowed down it igs aime to Aces “to bring comolality neve 40 Mag gts © Even rg share 1s bert-down AS gi profeln & Bae Tee Care a Cee, prepety = much ot; a vege. a! oe att RSS WORE dbanyirh Duodenum « nian need + = food with 2 Vol, 4 ca Se et Hae EAR Ot er. : Good 2 Lok queer Soy Stimuli 4. ‘Distention 3 AS 0 ae Go Mpa gern S. Too foal fen aigesrek . Sat Fecal the Enkio~ stare ri which very HP Cal or eae gaagiion 07 Sage > SEE lacs teiada 4 lathetahelet 4 Aaghten Shares sHomad emelying, slow , ie pec ote s Weetontc os se dou't slow duwn. a — -_ -_ — — = — = E — = — = — — — = ~ — = — — ——eee Conirol o- = cen much Jet mors in to duocdknum. Ls Be eet et Ettere- Caswic Bef ib wild - Sony T-cells present they preckuce G2 qubetions Eyer 2 Gall Bladder * gall Wledder cowarts > bew 2. ‘eile WHW ne arboustes ® saimatdies In eK oC rine pancreas 4 lvgs lets gy pemcrearic ot rere includ’ pases + becouse ow we ta Heat yates a Leng Hee we Ted no slo stomaed FCC. also has qmeengion on Stomacl smooth musce to Tmhiby ake : Si hen n Seotea ers arity deers gas” |S O emis Glee iw steak so bake longer @ ‘Som Bou Slemaclh afer reachluy Auocbw @- ‘We 2 ley of w enter ducdinaia , Se cals re geustin’— "aches “Ppecce phe | ductal ol gre Bore, PReiebon ate: 30 shat nauttisanon oy ved veours - also acts on stom + slous 4 dow, So, both C.6.K 4 Searetin act on stomach g o slaw 4 doun. In oe cre 40 buy time 4o break dum gots a9 in second case “to neutralizes e- when ‘Catbphedicntes 4 ots come together ne NS pitduced cal Beak 1 ae Wkicl Snbibtts stomach note: PSNS Moves Gases Sse" Gut SNS Secretly Tak Gasic Sytem Feeretn s CCK a So; PSNE, molilin, ganrin = avivete & SNS, Scertfiny GLP, COK - inhib "PUVLLLLLLALALVAAL LV,= He Ay rope et jenga- thetic Niow Sean CTU ys Conteo! CC whibr > cecrebin inhibit ats coder Gut inlubits Pytore, Stenosis ae dw nfl one area. t's Wore muscle echea —alic k \ > im gaHents with peptic ulcer 1 wwylammation 4 scarring Scar) Mar 40 pyloric sren- | Scar. caced + Daren becemus neo O-\5 veces dwvel po cancer in this orem, - when area becomes Mafow ; food eaten Is Vommitiea” oot ert acaerisiically nc no bile in vommld Since wile 15 com efit Be Non Vibous cmt Gastric Parysis SNSSS595555599999999999999999999999009 Koes Semi-prvalysed «¢ vers ake lew “nel ie empty, V4Sel disco expenenced vomme i Sueni cm ees ence!OO oT Mottiy -4 Movement o) Small neste (5 = made o} 3 gars dvcdandm , jeer , ileum Go. yon’ 6s | > major iw poses malt itestine is © Wagision % = Wherbien = motility of small Wiestine moves Segnients — Cqerirtabis Cgrepulan) midng, With GT secretions Nore oye. gait ladder wile Sereneons Afr fences anne Serene fom mulasa gy semi gli: atthe section © absorbtion — expsuk 4e mucosal wail. “onan Comet of Sraall indesine churned, haere ¢ more surja@ aren Bit exposed to wacesal Wall Jord digestien - © vomiting -2 Soy muscles 1 small jndestine - Ne mucesi _- mivtor Changes - B MSE. thas ~Musc. mucesi provide mucosal gee lworder 40 agcresse aeserbrion suryace dea. A AGSC. mucosr has VFS “Smooth muscles Small wiiesinal villi. POS eat Be rkse! deepiy wld turer ® wast ve a ess back so smal" fets i NED abo ped 90 be Yt deeivnge oy vase. 24s. = WESC. muucest H's commiled by Xebractsel puss Tstalic me: AS = NO major role Im mixing oF = usually Wo sates B- Shr is me + move Hono duodanom « yejenuth 40 Occ acal valve ~ WS Kime cecreatee 40 he orl eso Gurs it's JoAt on the Rulriemis presend in chyme Sore qtidiends more sime = Gat mdemalty ‘les detag he movement OMikng movements: ~Segmentation , primacily procwiced se se lager in fe muscoteris externa = mavwnom rok of these cho gpiag movem Tams a besbal elects Aileen oy Recog /beviseshe small intestine were: In Duccsnum, slow wave precuicael wi 12 Zein Glo) hy “yew move “gerword Becomes 8-4 émin = but guutally hese, seymenption movennsets onty Fo ie Bade cour) “ad Cin. When over- Astemion occurs We Increases “3 § we gre Biropind , 4hese movernumts become SMAGRaU whentene reps [theed tar ceananta eet @ Peristalsis © Consiicten ring produced a4 poit of Slumilus Cater chenoredepror hetecthon of ietdation Ure mucora ol distention) = also" regulate ne “Plea ELeMen Oba ase nebo IMT - Teepe mewemenis also iMpluenced by extrinsic Hormonal Movements = small intestine movement creased by 1 yisttit, CLR 8 mncgh importantly py metitin 2S well a PSNS) 4 1 = inhibitors ere Pe * Seacagen . imam ate 2 St shea gli . senrabe oud oe Grsiro- lleul Repl C Genire- Enteric Pec) = wher ent Merl Jalen, stomach becomus sti 7 Movement wy Small intestine 7 = jnereased/ nmvement In ileaten 30 moral Can poke WM _Cercum = dilodiinuiy empty 30 Mere cam come fren stomach ~¢ stomach through Avtongent ber: HOCUS then’ potaogny. gids back S etter NOTE level: Mn Ret lee: acto eae to ft Lacar ele B Tre Malis age vag lux + evgh NN wresting Ot O rate CP et te CEL Ta Se BRDRREUERRD RD DOD RRR D SRDS EDD E OOS 6 oe ai——— @©mMmc Cemignniory — miyceleciric. complexes) — MMC is also ce in Stemtech | JAll Dleddbe # & Small \atestind “daring gusting CNOT in faye get) ca he eve, ndigestable moterial copielly yheovgh ato oe aa Tague second gat , Stcretious ro) sare hele ae 3 J Sua material gion Se, swat pet to claw small ott suche 6 © Pecans Rush - we ved Pervert She pele Gael fie ~ dese are vi hat pals. ene vinsy aie et ae 4 £9. in injections Aishorres. So; Pavision lassically ; ental Classically ; aon dion wmevenens — mins) Sve movemins ~ pecistal Addit onal MMC, - 4s cle + ‘i O1 de eecanions pea HPAESCOUT UTR RRR RRR U RDU D RROD LRU URRURULE LL e GE Moti) S Movement ey Large Intestine (Colon) « Beyondl ~ Firstly in colow Clarge intestine): ss proxtmal hal) condrned wits absorbtion eect ut 4 electrolytes T — aISaN” Ralf concacred waite storage of jece tradi S Lierination ose ccbgentatich P* see Nake Za ae - when Chyme enters Ceacuen 4 slowly 14 shraggh Sarge insestine fe Sigmotd cclen HIP Cones rok Semaso So ject! mane, = mov 2 (sige insestine mise sto THREES “T-2 daa? gor waned se eck groom ‘ Cebcim 0 BSS Gy fogs intestine. NOTE: MMC are botures 0) stomach « small intestine \put net ae res: at large intestine =n spralt intestine MMC 5 vider Ute ecto HS wR, OalLs Lleccecal valve, I = small pact of ileum with iS mucora prodding - Taio Neaecs : a Sprache = fromimal Ae 4hat share > taickeneg whhch act as ieccecal function! 3 aan ore ver Caecum OMe 3 = bork "valve FP rehineee eipecral 4 = Abrmat Weocecal valve remain ven sighAl closed a ony wort one CTD ND cy Sr ceca S Wty Topalahy Oi vacate Cileuen very Wows) 1 eee — $06 one inc. ©! tate vleocecal val \s to foes SERS obctena 1 ger cecum Az Small Ro= secondly, ileoeecal sphincter is very properly lad RR content te cach + Pxlve Hight so when pressure, jinicecum valve closes = Ceco-ibal rete, = male? mech oF i whee placus + Steel ihes “fant tcl ws SMO” a pert fen Gack se sphnner adic, rn ~ Gasteo- Tet ial pens + Shen a dies, Mean stomach Sieetched | ileum achwetecl “; valve. Uleved Zo thet Conents Cam move: Large Gut. Movements © Mixing — Wausications : A-Smowily muscles conanct 24 Intervals in the, \a + PR Smscih muscle in muse. externa Conterct lamun becomes ‘narrow 5- Tena Gli alse cmtract which shorien ae * pole ss athe shordeiing 4 cousirietior ewollen 40297, in etween Sealed Yausien Se dese mor Hawstrations, CSmjmental Seculstions) ~ Large git contents compressed 7 this qo" 390 mixing movermen = Choyiry 0 7s well 25 Mone Dose onan oj wake 4 “electrely ses = Gradually Semi plaid > semi~ solidrgpent matter oes - ea weak mouements Which psh contents Tag of meunten Le ref “come plSiOnrs _ & in 41-3 © 10H/ as Sea inked uy 40 lO gion. cobsihciion facets Ch Coens, reer ws coke or abou. oom nous: Hons: des reese. oes ail Oy, SBE Lastad eee’ a4 se peases 25 one bite push tre content "ai fer distally ee Ear Sar movement tA, gee ey - Ve mullgle Tmrss (movements come 4 lols ye Gch \atS yectum, desire Jor * Bajecatcn present Eom nbemally emply sine resclue)