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  • Session 4

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    Stella Parker
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    Meningitis can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or tuberculosis. The most common bacterial causes are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis, responsible for over 75% of cases. Diagnosis is based on physical findings and lumbar puncture. For asthma, diagnosis is based on symptoms and pulmonary function tests showing obstructive patterns. Management follows GINA guidelines and includes reliever and maintenance medications such as short-acting beta-agonists, inhaled corticosteroids, and long-acting beta-agonists. Vaccinations against pneumonia, influenza and COVID-19 are also recommended.

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    Meningitis can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or tuberculosis. The most common bacterial causes are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis, responsible for over 75% of cases. Diagnosis is based on physical findings and lumbar puncture. For asthma, diagnosis is based on symptoms and pulmonary function tests showing obstructive patterns. Management follows GINA guidelines and includes reliever and maintenance medications such as short-acting beta-agonists, inhaled corticosteroids, and long-acting beta-agonists. Vaccinations against pneumonia, influenza and COVID-19 are also recommended.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    5 views19 pages

    Session 4

    Uploaded by

    Stella Parker
    Meningitis can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or tuberculosis. The most common bacterial causes are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis, responsible for over 75% of cases. Diagnosis is based on physical findings and lumbar puncture. For asthma, diagnosis is based on symptoms and pulmonary function tests showing obstructive patterns. Management follows GINA guidelines and includes reliever and maintenance medications such as short-acting beta-agonists, inhaled corticosteroids, and long-acting beta-agonists. Vaccinations against pneumonia, influenza and COVID-19 are also recommended.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 19

    Session 4

    FMGE High Yield


    Revision

    Meningitis
    Causes :

    Bacterial
    Acute
    meningitis
    Viral

    Fungal
    Subachte
    Tubercular to chronic

    Crypto meningitis
    coccus

    neoformans -
    Candida

    Bacterial meningitis-
    M/c organism -
    Step preumoniae
    CPneumococci)
    >50 %
    2nd M/C N
    organism -> .

    meningitidis
    [meningococci)
    125%
    Diagnosis - PFT based .

    FEY ,
    ↓ FVC ↓

    FEXI
    <0
    . 7 () E >07

    ↓
    Obstructive
    airway disease

    Bronchodilator
    reversibility test

    (BD12)
    SABA
    EV1 FEU/4ses or

    by 212 % room
    -
    SABA Asthma

    FEU , Ises

    by <12 %

    zu
    COPD

    -
    Asthma-(N)/ O dIt
    usedelavity
    sed-

    DLCO
    - COPD-based

    Alternative to
    spirometry
    ·
    ->

    ·
    PEFR Used .

    SABA
    PEFR 2 20 1 4 Asthma
    ·

    :
    .
    ·

    in PEFR
    Management :
    Based on GINA

    guidelines 2023 .

    · Reliever - To relieve an asthma


    attack

    BABA
    Maintenance
    ·

    - LABA

    medication
    ICS
    Rapid onset

    LABA

    Preferred combin - formoted I


    -

    ICS
    If palient is refractory to ste MART ,

    option
    -

    i) ID MART

    ii) LAMA-Tiotropium
    iii) Monoclonal antibodies

    ~
    Omalizumab-Anti-IgE
    Dupilimumab-> Anti-ILUR
    ~

    Mepolimumab-> Anti-125
    Type 2 ~
    Reslizumab Anti-115
    -

    Benralizumab-Anti-125R
    Tazepelumab Anti-TSLP
    -
    -

    I
    Can be used
    for both type 2
    and
    non-type 2
    asthma
    Management : GOLD 2023
    guidelines

    Vaccination -

    ~
    Pneumococcal vaccine (Pneumovac 23)=

    ~ Influenza vaccine

    COVID-19
    O
    ~

    mcq
    - dTaP
    ely recommended

    Approach : ↑

    2 2 Moderate

    exacerbations/dyv
    01

    & I severe

    exacub1 (admission)/Lyr .

    No S

    MR C
    It E
    grade of
    dyspnea ?

    0 -
    1 ↳2
    -
    -

    Cat A Cat B
    ↓

    Any bronchodilator
    LAMATLABA

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