The String, StringBuilder, and StringBuffer classes in Java are used for handling

strings, but they differ in terms of mutability, synchronization, and

performance.

1. String Class:
- **Immutable:** Strings in Java are immutable, meaning once a string
object is created, its value cannot be changed. Any operation that appears to
modify a string actually creates a new string.
- **Performance:** Immutable strings are efficient for operations that don't
involve frequent modifications. However, concatenating or modifying strings
repeatedly can be inefficient due to the creation of multiple objects.
- **Thread Safety:** Strings are inherently thread-safe due to their
immutability. Multiple threads can use the same string object without causing
issues.

Example:
```java
String str = "Hello";
str = str + " World"; // Creates a new string object
```

2. **StringBuilder Class:**
- **Mutable:** Unlike String, StringBuilder is mutable, allowing
modifications to the content without creating new objects.
- **Performance:** StringBuilder is designed for better performance in
scenarios involving frequent string modifications (e.g., concatenations,
insertions, deletions) because it doesn't create a new object every time.
- **Not Thread Safe:** StringBuilder is not synchronized and therefore not
thread-safe. It's efficient in single-threaded scenarios.
 Example:
```java
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Hello");
sb.append(" World"); // Modifies the existing StringBuilder object
```

3. **StringBuffer Class:**
- **Mutable and Synchronized:** Similar to StringBuilder, StringBuffer is
mutable, but it's synchronized, making it thread-safe.
- **Performance: ** StringBuffer has similar functionality to StringBuilder
but might be slightly slower due to the overhead of synchronization.
- **Thread Safety:** StringBuffer is thread-safe, making it suitable for multi-
threaded environments where multiple threads might access or modify the
same string concurrently.

Example:
```java
StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer("Hello");
stringBuffer.append(" World"); // Modifies the existing StringBuffer object
```

** Recommendations:**
- Use **String** when dealing with constant strings or when immutability is
preferred.
- Use **StringBuilder** when manipulating strings in a single-threaded
environment where thread safety isn't a concern.
- Use **StringBuffer** when dealing with multi-threaded scenarios where
thread safety is required.
Choosing among these classes depends on the specific requirements of your
application, considering factors like mutability, performance, and thread
safety.