Fire Fighting Training Coarse - Part I - 100423

by
Dr. Hussein M. Soliman
• Head of Solar Energy Department, National Research Centre

• Leader of Plumbing and Fire Fighting Group, EGEC ‐ House of expertise
Contents
Introduction
¾ Combustion Theory
¾ Types of Heat Transfer
¾ Extinguishing Theory
¾ Extinguishing Agents
Standards and Codes
Life Safety
¾ Why Life Safety?
¾ Classifications
¾ Fire Causes & Safety Precautions
Contents
Fire Detection and Alarm System
Fire Fighting Systems
¾ Manual Fire Fighting Systems
¾ Automatic Fire Fighting Systems
Manual Fire Fighting Systems
¾ Portable Fire Extinguishers
¾ Standpipe System
¾ Fire Hydrant and Fire Department
Connection
Contents
Automatic Fire Fighting Systems

¾ Automatic Wet Suppression Systems
¾ Automatic Dry Suppression Systems
Case Study
Combustion Theoryy
The following elements shall be exists to start a

combustion process:
p
• Material (fuel)
• Air
Ai (Oxygen)
(O )
• Heat
The a/m elements is named

“Pyramid
Pyramid or Triangle of Combustion (Fire)
(Fire)”
Combustion Theoryy
Combustion Theoryy
• Enough Oxygen to sustain combustion
• (not less than 15% in the combustion space)
• Enough
E h Heat
H to reach
h iignition
i i temperature
• Some Fuel or combustible material
Together,
h they
h produce
d
The CHEMICAL REACTION that is fire
Take away any of these things and

the fire will be extinguished
Combustion Theoryy
Types
yp of Heat Transfer
Types
yp of Heat Transfer
Types
yp of Heat Transfer
Extinguishing
g g Theoryy
The extinguishing theory is based on control or
take away one of the elements of combustion
theory
h
Extinguishing Triangle
Starvation or Segregation
Extinguishing
g g Theoryy
Smotheringg
Extinguishing
g g Theoryy
Smotheringg
Extinguishing
g g Theoryy
Smotheringg
Extinguishing
g g Theoryy
Coolingg
Extinguishing
g g Agents
g
Water
Water
Foam
Carbon Dioxide ( CO2)
Dry Powder
H l
Halogens S b tit t
Substitutes
Standards & Codes
• EFPC EEgyptian
ti FiFire P
Protection
t ti C Codes
d
• FM Factoryy Mutual Research Corporation
p
• LPC Loss Prevention Certification
• NFPA National Fire Protection Association,
Codes and Standards
• UL Underwriters Laboratories
Life Safetyy
According to NFPA 101
“ life safety Code “
Life safety are rules or codes established to

protect life in building or structure from
danger of fire, smoke, fumes
and panic
Life Safetyy
• Lif
Life Safety
S f t iis more th
than a matter
tt off egress or
providing sufficient time for people exposed
to fire to escape and this time will be the only
factor affecting on their safety or cost them
their life
• Life safety requires building services, systems,
operation maintenance and other important
things to be prepared to provide acceptable
degree of life safety from fire
Whyy Life Safetyy ?
• Fi
Fires attack
tt k violently
i l tl among people l and
d their
th i
families life
• Fires
Fi d destroy thousands
h d off b
businesses
i eachh
year, putting people out of work and severely
impacting their livelihoods
• Fires lead to loosing a lot of investments
which affect in nations economy progress.
progress
Whyy Life Safety?
y
Canadian fire losses report
Whyy Life Safety?
y
USA fire losses report
Occupancies
Classifications
Hazards
Life Causes & Causes

Safety Safety
Precautions Precautions
Detection
P t ti
Protection
Fighting
Classifications
Occupancies
p
Educational
Health Care
R id ti l
Residential
Mercantile
Business
Industrial
Storage
Mixed Occupancies
Classifications
Hazards
Lo
Low Hazard
Ha ard
Non Combustible Materials
Ordinary Hazard
Most Common Material in Buildingsg
High Hazard
Flammable Materials and Fast Firing
Chemicals
ESCAPE Check List
¾Exit: Unlocked, not blocked and
proper signage
¾Storage: Clean orderly and not
Clean,
excessive
¾Capacity: Does not exceed limits of
location
¾Access: keep aisles free and clear at all
times
¾Protection: Smoke detection,
detection fire alarm,
alarm
and automatic fire sprinkler
systems are in proper working
¾Emer. lighting: Working properly
Fire Causes
Cooking
C ki M Machines
hi
Fire Causes
Combustible
C b tibl Li Liquids
id
Fire Causes
Heating
H ti equipment
i t
Fire Causes
Smoking
S ki M Materials
t i l
Fire Causes
Electric Problems
‐ Electric Earthling ‐ Arc fault circuits

Fire Causes
Other Causes
Children playing with fire

Candles
C dl
Dryer machines
Safetyy Precautions
• Smoke only within designated areas
• No cigarettes smoldering in waste‐baskets or
on furniture
• Empty ashtrays only when you are sure the
ashes matches and butts are cold
ashes,
• Be alert around electrical equipment unusual
odor
• Protect your extension cords from damages
• No
N cord d iinstalled
t ll d across d
doorways
• Change any unstable cables or circuits by
specialist
i li t
Safetyy Precautions
• Keep all heat‐producing appliances away from
any burnet material
• Leave plenty of space for air to circulate
around equipment that normally gives off
heat
• Make sure all appliances such as coffee
makers and toaster are turned off when not in
use
• Don
Don’tt store any flammable or combustible
materials near to heat source
Fire Detection & Alarm System
Features
• Early detection
• Accurate location of the alarm origin
• Automatic
A t ti control
t l off HVAC system,
t elevators
l t
and other system
• Fire department notification
• Automatically recall elevator to the ground
level at fire
Types
Manual
Man al SSystem
stem
Automatic System
• Analog system
• Addressable
Add bl or intelligent
i t lli t system
t
International Governing
Codes
NFPA 70 National Electrical Code
NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm Code
Manually System
“ Manual System is an alarm system which
initialized using manual devices
by human
human”
M
Manual
l System
S Location
L i
• Corridors
• Entrance and exit
• Elevators
• Other Accessible Places
Automatic System
“ Automatic System
y is an alarm system
y which
initialized Automatically without human
interaction
interaction”
Automatic System Location

• Uniformlyy Distributed in all buildingg
• Corridors, Entrance and exit
• Elevators
• Other Accessible Places
Analog System
“Alarm is initiated automatically through
the building without identifying the exact
location of fire
fire”
Addressable (intelligent) System

“Alarm
Alarm is initiated automatically through
the building with very accurate identification
of fire location or locations”
Components
• Analog or Addressable FACP
• Standby battery
• R
Repeater
t panell
• Voice alarm evacuation system
y
• Field devices (Detectors, Manual Pull Station,
Bells and Horns)
• Fire Fighting Telephone
Components
Different configuration
g of alarm panel
p
Components
Heat Detector Decorative Smoke Detector
Duct Smoke Detectors Smoke Detector

Components
Siren Fire bills
Sound horn Light flasher

Components
p
Pressurized call point

p Manual Bush Bottom
Components
p
Tamper Switch Water Flow Detector

Interface With Other Systems
• Building Management System (BMS)
• Public Address System
• Security and Access Control System
• Elevators
• Diesel Generator and Fuel Tank Level
• Fire Pumps
• Fire Water Tank Level
• HVAC System
• Civil Defense Authority
Fire Fighting Systems
Types
Manual Fire Fighting System
• Portable Fire Extinguishers
• Fire Hydrant and Siamese Connection
• Standpipe System
Automatic Fire Fighting System
• Wet Suppression Systems
• Dry Suppression Systems
Fire Fighting: Green Building
C id
Consideration
i
While achieving the design objectives of a fire
fighting system, the following factors have to be
considered
id d
• Environment impact p
• Cost effectiveness
• Efficiency
Effi i off system operation
i
• Coordination with other design g elements
• Flexibility of installations
• Simplifying installations, operation and
maintenance
Fuel Class Of Fire Extinguishing Agent
•Water (Water Cone Water Spray)
•Carbon Dioxide
Solid A •Dry Chemical
•Foam
Flammable •Foam
B •Carbon
C b Dioxide
Di id
Liquid •Dry Chemical
•Carbon Dioxide
•FM
FM‐‐200
Electricity C •Dry Chemical
•Water Fog ( Mist)
Metal D •Dry Powder (Especial for Metal)
Kitchen K •Wet Chemical

Hood
International Governing Codes
NFPA 10 Standard for Portable Fire
E ti
Extinguishers
ih
NFPA 14 Standard for the Installation of
Standpipe, Private Hydrant, and Hose
Systems
Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection
NFPA 22 Standard for Water Tanks for Private
Fire Protection
Portable Fire Extinguishers
Design Criteria
• Portable fire extinguishers are intended as a
first line of defence to suppress limited size
fire
• There are different types of extinguishers that
can be used
• As per local and international standards and
codes portable fire extinguishers shall be
codes,
distributed inside the building with a travel
di
distance not more than
h 20 m
Types
• Air/Water Pressurized
• Water Mist
• Foam
• ABC Dry Chemical
• D Powder
Dry P d
• Wet Chemical
• Carbon Dioxide
• H l
Halogens SSubstitutes
b i (FM
(FM‐‐200
200,, Energen,
E
NOVEC 1230
1230))
Components
Air‐‐pressurized water extinguishers
Air
Extinguishers filled
with water and the
compressed gas is air
or nitrogen at top
surface of water to
pull water out of the
device. These devices
shall be equipped with
a manometer to
measure the pressure
of driving gas.
Foam Extinguishers
Co2
Co 2 Extinguishers
Dry Chemical Extinguishers
Compressed Gas is directly

on the powder surface
Compressed Gas inside

internal cylinder
Compressed Gas inside

external cylinder
Portable Fire Extinguisher on Wheel
‫ ﻩ‬Always Remember the abbreviation of the
following word: (PASS)
- Pull ‫اﺟﺬب‬
- Aim ‫وﺟﻪ‬
- Squeeze ‫اﺿﻐﻂ‬
- Sweep ‫ﺣﺮك‬
How to use Portable Fire Extinguishers
‫…اﻧﺰع اﻟﺘﻴﻠﺔ‬Pull
‫اﻧﺰع‬
‫‪How to use Portable Fire Extinguishers‬‬
‫وﺟﻪ ﻣﺎدة اﻹﻃﻔﺎء ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻠﻬﺐ ‪AIM‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻬﻢ ﺟﺪًا اﺧﺘﺒﺎر أداء ﺟﻬﺎز ‪AIM‬‬

‫اﻹﻃﻔﺎء ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل ﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊﻊ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﻖ‬ ‫ﻹ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺘﻪ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫‪Squeeze‬‬
‫اﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﺳﻴﺴﻤﺢ‬

‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻔﺮﻳﻎ ﻋﺒﻮة اﻟﺠﻬﺎز‬
‫‪Sweep‬‬
‫ﺣﺮك اﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻵﺧﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ إﻃﻔﺎء اﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺗﻤﺎﻣ ًﺎ‬
‫ اﺑﺪأ ﻓﻰ اﻹﻃﻔﺎء ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ أﻣﺎن ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬

‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ دﻓﻊﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻨﻚ ووﻻ ﻮ‬
‫ﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺮﻳﺒ‬ ‫ووﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺎدة اﻹﻃﻔﺎء ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻤﺎم اﻹﻃﻔﺎء‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﻈﺎت‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻚ ﻈ‬ ‫اﻹﻃﻔﺎء اﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻓﻰ ﻗ‬
‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻃ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪم ﻋﻮدة اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪Portable Fire Extinguishers Training‬‬
‫‪The P.A.S.S. Method‬‬
‫‪Aim‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺮ ووﺟﻪ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻨﺎر‬
‫‪.‬اﻧﺰع اﻟﺘﻴﻠﺔ ‪Pull‬‬

‫‪ Squeeze‬اﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺮك ‪Sweep‬‬
‫ك‬
‫اﻟﻴﺪ ﻳﻤﻴﻨًﺎ وﻳﺴﺎرًا‬
Portable Fire Extinguishers Training
Fire Hydrant
Design Criteria
• Fire hydrant is an extraction point outside the
building that is used to supply water from the
fire fighting
g gppiping
p g network inside the buildingg
to fight a fire outside the building
• As per local and international codes and
standards, it shall be distributed outside the
b ildi with
building i h a travell distance
di not more than
h
100m
100 m
Fire Hydrant
Free Stand Type Wall mounted Type

Fire Department Connection
Design Criteria
• Fire Department Connection (Siamese
connection) is an external point through
p
which the fire department can pump
p p
supplemental water into the standpipe system
(Siamese connection)
• As per local and international standards and
codes,
d at least
l one siamese
i connection
i shall
h ll
be installed outside the building
Siamese Connection
Standpipe System
A
According
di tto NFPA 14
“ Standard for the Installation of Standpipe,
Private Hydrant, and Hose Systems“
Stand Pipe is a piping system that provide

water from water source to a fixed water
discharge
g hose
Standpipe System
Design Criteria
• Fire hose cabinets shall be distributed to
cover 25 meter in all direction around
cabinets
• The fire hose should travel without any bends
or barriers in a safe fire bath
• Additional cabinet may be added if a
partition will restrict the motion of fire hose
Standpipe System
Design Criteria
• The standpipe size will be at least 4“ if it is
used for supplying water to cabinets and 6”
pp y g water to combined standpipe
for supplying pp
and automatic sprinkler system
• For Class I and Class III,
III the minimum flow
rate for the hydraulically most remote
standpipe shall 500 gpm @ 6.9 bar (100 psi)
residual pressure
Standpipe System
Design Criteria
• The minimum flow rate for additional
standpipes shall be 250 gpm per standpipe,
which the total not to exceed 1250 gpm
gp
• When the floor area exceeds 80,000 ft2, the
second most remote standpipe shall be
designed to accommodate 500 gpm
• Separate standpipes shall be provided in each
exit stairway
Standpipe System
Standpipe Classes
• Class I Standpipe: It supplies 2 ½” hose outlet
at each floor
f level to be used with fire
f ffighters
or trained occupant
• Class II Standpipe: It supplies 1 ½” rubber or
y
synthetic hose to be used with occupants
p of
the building until the arrival of the fire
depa t e t
department
• Class III Standpipe: This is a combination of
class I and class II
II, ii.e.
e supplies both 2 ½
½” and
1 ½” outlet.
Standpipe System
Stand Pipe Components

• Fire fighting water storage tank
• Pumping station
• Piping network (Risers and branches)
• Control valves (OS&Y gate valve, regulating
valves…etc)
l t )
• Fire hose cabinets
Standpipe System
P
Pumping
i Station
St ti
• Electric driven p
pump
p ((Main FF pump)
p p)
• Diesel driven pump (Standby FF pump)
• Jockey pump (Pressure
( maintaining pump))
• Accessories
Standpipe System
Pumping Station
Electric driven pump
Standpipe System
Pumping Station
Diesel driven pump
Standpipe System
Pumping Station
Jockey pump
Standpipe System
Pumping Station
Accessories
Standpipe System
Fire Hose & Cabinet
Fire hose cabinet Fire hose

Standpipe System
Fire Hose Nozzle
Straight Nozzle Fog Nozzle

Standpipe System
Landing Valves
Landing Valve Restricting Valve

Standpipe System
Standpipe System
Wet Pipe System
Dry Pipe System
Pre‐‐action System
Pre
Wet Suppression
Deluge
l System
Automatic FF
Water Spray System
Systems
Foam System
Carbon Dioxide
Dry Suppression
Halogen Substitutes
NFPA 12 Standard on Carbon Dio Dioxide
ide
Extinguishing Systems
Sprinkler Systems
NFPA 15 Standard for Water Spray Fixed
Systems for Fire Protection
Foam Water Sprinkler and Foam‐
Foam‐Water Foam
Water Spray Systems
NFPA 17 Standard
S d d ffor Dry
D Chemical
Ch i l
NFPA 17A Standard for Wet Chemical
Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection
NFPA 22 Standard for Water Tanks for Private
Fire Protection
NFPA 750 Standard on Water Mist Fire
Protection System
NFPA 2001 Standard on Clean Agent
g Fire
Automatic Wet Suppression System
A
According
di tto NFPA Codes
C d
Automatic wet suppression system is a piping

system that automatically provide liquid
extinguishing agent from agent storage tanks
or containers
i to sprinklers
i kl heads
h d or open
nozzles installed on the fire zone
Design Criteria
• The design criteria of sprinkler system
depends strongly on the hazard of each
buildingg p
protected area
• The standpipe size will be at least 4“ if it is
used for supplying water to automatic
sprinkler system and 6” for supplying water
to combined standpipe and automatic
sprinkler system
Design Criteria
• Fire Protection water storage tanks shall be
constructed with compartments that allow
p
maintenance without impairment to the
system
• Each compartment shall be not more than
50%. Each compartment shall have its own
independent automatic supply inlet
Design Criteria
• The net effective capacity of the tank(s) shall be
sized to meet the minimum duration of flow for
the fire pprotection systems
y determined in
accordance with the applicable fire codes
• Each water tank shall have the following
minimum attachments
‐ Automatic infill such that the tank may be
refilled from empty within a time period of 6
hours
Design Criteria
‐ Visual water level indicator of non
combustible construction
‐ Balance valve
‐ Drain valve having a minimum size of 80 mm
nominal diameter
‐ Suction connections
‐ Test return pipe(s)
()
‐ Overflow pipe of minimum size, one
diameter larger than the inlet pipe
Design Criteria
• Fire pumps shall be listed for service or
approved by an authority acceptable to the
Local Civil Defence
• Aboveground
Ab d piping
i i shall
h ll meett the
th minimum
i i
standards listed in NFPA 13, Table 6.3.1.1 Pipe
or Tube Materials and Dimensions
• Below ground piping shall meet the minimum
standards listed in NFPA 24, Table 10.1.1
manufacturing
f t i St Standards
d d ffor UUnderground
d d
Piping
Design Criteria
• Concealed ceiling and floor spaces not
exceeding 400mm in depth need not be
protected byy sprinkler
p p system
y
• Concealed ceiling and floor spaces exceeding
400mm but not exceeding 800mm in depth
and do not contain combustible material
need not be protected by sprinkler system
Design Criteria
• Concealed ceiling and floor spaces exceeding
800mm in depth shall be protected by
p
sprinklers in accordance with the
requirement for the particular hazard.
Design Criteria
• The density and hazard of sprinkler system
that are used for hydraulic calculations and
specifying pump flow and head are listed in
the following table as per NFPA 13
requirements
• The design criteria for sizing branches pipes
of the sprinkler system depends strongly on
the hazard of each building protected area as
shown in the followingg Tables
Design Criteria
Design Conditions
Conditions Light Ordinary Extra
Hazard Hazard Hazard
2
Maximum Sprinkler Operating Area (m ) 16 12 9
Maximum Sprinkler Spacing (m) 46
4.6 46
4.6 46
4.6
1/2
Sprinkler K-Factor (gpm/(psi) ) 5.6 5.6 5.6
o
Sprinkler Rated Temperature ( C) 68 68 68
Water Supply Density (mm/min) 4.1 6.1 8.1
Design Criteria
Design Criteria
Design Criteria
Design Criteria

Components
• Fire fighting water storage tank
• Pumping
p g station
• Piping network (Risers and branches)
• C t l valves
Control l (OS&Y gatet valve,
l regulating
l ti
valves, zone control valve,…etc)
• Sprinkler or nozzles heads
• System Components
‐ sprinkler head
• Sprinkler Head Types
‐ Early Suppression Fast‐Response (ESFR)
‐ Quick‐Response
Q i kR Early
E l Suppression
S i (QRES)
‐ Quick‐Response
p Extended Coverage
g
‐ Quick‐Response (QR)
‐ Extended Coverage
‐ Large Drop
‐ Residential ‐ Conventional
‐ Nozzles ‐ Standard Spray
• Sprinkler Head Installation Orientations

‐ Concealed
(A recessed sprinkler with cover plates)
‐ Recessed
‐ Pendent
‐ Upright
‐ Sidewall
Sid ll
• System
y Components
p
‐ Flow valve
*OS&Y gate
t valve
l
• System
y Components
p
‐ Flow valve
*Post
P t indicator
i di t valve
l
• System
y Components
p
‐ Flow valve
* Check valve
• System
y Components
p
‐ Flow valve
*B
Butterfly
tt fl
• System
y Components
p
‐ Drain valve
* IInspector
t test
t t and
d drain
d i sett
Wet Pipe System
• A wet‐pipe
t i automatic
t ti sprinkler
i kl
system uses automatic sprinkler
heads fed by a piping system
containingg water under system
y
pressure at all times
• Because
B th
the wet‐pipe
t i sprinkler
i kl
system is filled with water at all
times, there is no delay in
ggettingg water on the fire once an
automatic sprinkler head fuses
Wet Pipe System
‐ Main System Control Valve (A)
‐ Alarm Check Valve (B)
‐ Fire Department Connection (C)
‐ Sprinkler
p Piping
p g ((D))
‐ Sprinkler Heads (E)
‐ Test
T Connection
C i (F)
Wet Pipe System
•MMaini SSystem
t C
Control
t lV Valve
l
‐ Every sprinkler system must have a main
system control valve to isolate the system
from the fire p
protection water supply
pp y
‐ Preferably, this valve is located outside as
close to the connection to the water
supply as possible. This minimizes the
extent of any impairments and is
accessible during a fire
‐ In some cases the valve may be located
inside the building
Wet Pipe System
• Sequence of Operation
1‐ Temperature rise of glass bulb
p
2‐ Explosion of gglass bulb
3‐ Water flow from sprinkler heads
4 Wet alarm valves open
4‐
5‐ Pumps start to supply water
Wet Pipe System
• Alarm Check Valve Components
‐ Check Valve Clapper (A)
‐ Pilot Valve (B)
‐ Main Drain (C)
y
‐ Alarm By‐Pass Valve ((D))
‐ Retard Chamber (E)
‐ Pressure Switch (F)
‐ Water Motor Alarm (G)
Wet Pipe System
Dry Pipe System
• Addry‐pipe
i automatic
t ti sprinkler
i kl
system uses automatic sprinkler
heads fed by a piping system that
p
contains compressed air or nitrogen
g
• The compressed gas holds a dry‐pipe
valve
l closed,
l d whichhi h holds
h ld back
b k the
th
water from the water supply
• The absence of water in the piping
allows the system to be used in areas
subject to freezing
Dry Pipe System
‐ Main System Control Valve (A)
‐ Fire Department Connection (B)
‐ Dry‐Pipe Valve (C)
‐ Sprinkler
p Piping
p g ((D))
‐ Sprinkler Heads (E)
‐ Test
T Connection
C i (F)
Dry Pipe System
2‐ Explosion of glass bulb
3‐ Pressurized air leaks
4‐ Dry valve open
Dry Pipe System
‐ Dry‐pipe valve clapper (A)
‐ Priming Water (B)
‐ Compressed Air or Nitrogen (C)
‐ Main Drain (D) ‐ Drip Valve (E)
‐ Alarm Test Line (F)
‐ Check Valve (G) ‐ Pressure Switch (H)
‐ Water Motor Alarm (I)
‐ Priming Water Fill Chamber (J)
‐ Air or Nitrogen Supply (K)
Preaction pipe System
• Preaction sprinkler systems are used where
there is a concern of accidental sprinkler
discharge that could cause significant damage
• The most common application is in operating
p
rooms of hospitals where the ppreaction system
y
is used to limit the potential of accidental trips
that that could cause significant damage
Preaction Pipe System
‐ System Shutoff Valve (A)
‐ Main Drain (B)
‐ Preaction Valve (C)
( )
‐ Pressure Switch (D)
‐ Water
W M
Motor Al
Alarm (E)
‐ Preaction System Piping (F)
‐ Closed Sprinkler Heads (G)
‐ Fire Detectors (H) ‐ Local Alarm (I)
‐ Control Panel (J) ‐ Bypass Line (K)
p
2‐ Explosion of gglass bulb
3‐ Pressurized air leaks
4 Alarm signal to control valve
4‐
5‐ Preaction valve open
6‐ Dry valve open
‐ Main Drain (A)
‐ Preaction Valve Clapper (B)
‐ System Piping (C) ‐ Pressure Switch (D)
‐ System Pressure Gauge (E)
‐ Water Pressure Gauge (F)
‐ Plunger and Latch (G)
‐ Manual Release (H)
‐ Solenoid Valve (I) ‐ Drip Valve (J)
‐ Bypass Line (K) ‐ Waste Drain (L)
Deluge pipe System
• A deluge system uses open sprinkler heads
connected to a piping system that is not
charged with water until a supplemental fire
d t ti system
detection t actuates
t t
• When the system
y actuates, water is discharged
g
from all the open sprinkler heads
simultaneously
Deluge Pipe System
‐ System Shutoff Valve (A)
‐ Main Drain (B)
‐ Deluge
g Valve ((C))
‐ Pressure Switch (D)
‐ Water
W M
Motor Al
Alarm (E)
‐ Deluge (Dry) System Piping (F)
‐ Open Sprinkler Heads (G)
‐ Fire Detectors (H) ‐ Local Alarm (I)
‐ Control Panel (J) ‐ Bypass Line (K)
Deluge Pipe System
1‐ Alarm signal to control valve
2‐ Deluge valve open
p start to supply
3‐ Pumps pp y water
Deluge Pipe System
‐ Main Drain (A)
‐ Deluge Valve Clapper (B)
‐ System Piping (C) ‐ Pressure Switch (D)
‐ System Pressure Gauge (E)
‐ Water Pressure Gauge (F)
‐ Plunger and Latch (G)
‐ Manual Release (H)
‐ Solenoid Valve (I) ‐ Drip Valve (J)
‐ Bypass Line (K) ‐ Waste Drain (L)

Fire Fighting Training Coarse - Part I - 100423

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Fire Fighting Training Coarse - Part I - 100423

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by

Dr. Hussein M. Soliman

• Head of Solar Energy Department, National Research Centre

 Automatic Fire Fighting Systems

The following elements shall be exists to start a

The a/m elements is named

Take away any of these things and

Carbon Dioxide ( CO2)

Life safety are rules or codes established to

Life Causes & Causes

‐ Electric Earthling ‐ Arc fault circuits

 Children playing with fire

Automatic System Location

Addressable (intelligent) System

Heat Detector Decorative Smoke Detector

Duct Smoke Detectors Smoke Detector

Siren Fire bills

Sound horn Light flasher

Pressurized call point

Tamper Switch Water Flow Detector

Metal D •Dry Powder (Especial for Metal)

Kitchen K •Wet Chemical

Compressed Gas is directly

Compressed Gas inside

Compressed Gas inside

following word: (PASS)

‫وﺟﻪ ﻣﺎدة اﻹﻃﻔﺎء ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻠﻬﺐ ‪AIM‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻬﻢ ﺟﺪًا اﺧﺘﺒﺎر أداء ﺟﻬﺎز ‪AIM‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﺳﻴﺴﻤﺢ‬

‫ اﺑﺪأ ﻓﻰ اﻹﻃﻔﺎء ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ أﻣﺎن ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬

‫‪.‬اﻧﺰع اﻟﺘﻴﻠﺔ ‪Pull‬‬

Free Stand Type Wall mounted Type

Stand Pipe is a piping system that provide

Stand Pipe Components

Fire hose cabinet Fire hose

Straight Nozzle Fog Nozzle

Landing Valve Restricting Valve

Automatic wet suppression system is a piping

Automatic Wet Suppression System

• Sprinkler Head Installation Orientations

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Automatic Fire Fighting Systems

Children playing with fire

‫ اﺑﺪأ ﻓﻰ اﻹﻃﻔﺎء ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ أﻣﺎن ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬