Tugas Tutorial 2 Reading 4

Text A

Do you want to ruin your child by putting them in front of the television? Recent studies
from all over the world show how badly television can affect a child’s growth physically and
mentally. Television is a negative influence on kids and therefore TV watching must be limited.
First, TV is a bad influence on kids, because children who watch more TV are more
likely to be overweight. For example, researchers Klesges, Shelton, and Klesges found that
while watching television, the metabolic rate is slower than when just resting. This implies that
an individual would burn fewer calories watching TV than when simply sitting silently, doing
nothing.
In addition, numerous TV ads encourage unhealthy consumption habits. Two-thirds of
the 20,000 television ads a normal kid sees every year are for food, and most are for high-sugar
foods. After-school television ads target youngsters with ads for unhealthy foods and
beverages, such as fast food and sugary drinks. This evidence shows that kids who watch more
TV are more likely to be overweight.
Secondly, television is a bad influence on kids, because watching TV at an early age
can affect children’s brain development. For instance, the early years of a youngster are
important to their development. The American Academy of Pediatrics is worried about the
effect of customizing TV for kids younger than age two and how it could influence kids’
improvement. Pediatricians are firmly against programing modified specifically for young
children, particularly when it is utilized to market toys, games, dolls, unhealthy foods and other
items to babies.
Furthermore, television will discourage and replace reading. Reading needs much more
thinking than TV, and we realize that perusing books encourages youngsters’ healthy brain
improvement. Kids from families that have the TV on a lot invest less time reading and being
read to and are less likely to be able to read. This evidences show kids watching TV at an early
age can affect children’s brain development.
Lastly, television is a bad influence on kids because TV is full of programs and
commercials that show risky behaviors that can affect the child’s actions. Liquor ads on TV
have really expanded throughout the most recent few years and more underage children are
presented them than any other time in history. A recent study by the Center on Alcohol
Marketing and Youth found that adolescent presentation to liquor ads on TV expanded by 30
percent from 2001 to 2006. In addition, despite the fact they have banned smoke ads on TV,
children and teenagers can in any case see more than enough individuals smoking on programs
and movies on television. This sort of “product placement” makes practices like smoking and
drinking liquor appear okay. Moreover, kids who watch five or more hours of television
everyday are much less averse to start smoking cigarettes than the individuals who watch less
than the prescribed two hours a day. This evidence shows TV is full of programs and
commercials that show risky behaviors than can affect the child’s action.
Television is a bad influence on kids. Some reasons why are kids who watch TV are
more likely to be overweight, watching TV at an early age can affect children’s brain
development, and TV is full of programs and commercials that show risky behaviors that can
affect the child’s actions. Therefore, parents must be more aware of the hours your kids watch
TV, and make your kids go outside and get active for a better future.
(Taken from: https://whyy.org/articles/television-has-a-negative-influence-on-kids-and-
should-be-limited/)

1. What is the main idea of paragraph 5?

2. What is the text genre?
3. What is the purpose of the author?
4. What is the text structure?
5. What are the signal words to define the text structure?

Answer

1. The main idea of paragraph 5 is that television can discourage and replace reading in
children, negatively impacting their brain development.

2. The text genre is an expository text.

3. The purpose of the author is to inform or persuade the reader that television is a negative
influence on kids and should be limited, providing information and evidence to support this
claim.

4. The text structure of an expository text is essentially persuasive. The text presents a series
of arguments and reasons to support the main claim that television has a negative influence
on children and should be limited. Each paragraph introduces a different aspect of
television's negative impact on children, such as its association with overweight, effects on
brain development, impact on reading habits, and promotion of risky behavior. The structure
 is designed to convince the reader of the author's point of view by presenting evidence and
reasons to support the main argument.

5. The signal words in the given text that define the text structure include:

a) Thesis:

• Do you want to ruin your child by putting them in front of the television?
• Recent studies worldwide show how badly television can affect a child’s growth
physically and mentally.
• Television is a negative influence on kids, and therefore TV watching must be
limited.

b) First Argument (Cause-effect):

• First
• Because
• For example
• This implies that
• Therefore

c) Second Argument (Cause-effect):

• In addition
• Furthermore
• Second
• Because
• For instance
• This evidence shows that

d) Third Argument (Cause-effect):

• Furthermore
• Lastly
• Because
• For example
 • This evidence shows that

TEXT B

Majapahit empire, the last Indianized kingdom in Indonesia, based in eastern Java and
existing between the 13th and 16th centuries. The founder of the empire was Vijaya, a prince
of Singhasari who escaped when Jayakatwang, the ruler of Kaḍiri, seized the palace. In
1292 Mongol troops came to Java to avenge an insult to the emperor of China, Kublai Khan,
by Kertanagara, the king of Singhasari, who had been replaced by Jayakatwang.
Vijaya collaborated with Mongol troops in defeating Jayakatwang. Vijaya then turned against
the Mongols and expelled them from Java.
Under his rule the new kingdom, Majapahit, successfully controlled Bali, Madura,
Malayu, and Tanjungpura. The power of Majapahit reached its height in the mid-14th century
under the leadership of King Hayam Wuruk and his prime minister, Gajah Mada. Some
scholars have argued that the territories of Majapahit covered present-day Indonesia and part
of Malaysia, but others maintain that its territory was confined to eastern Java and Bali.
Nonetheless, Majapahit became a significant power in the region, maintaining regular relations
with China, Champa, Cambodia, Annam, and Siam.
The golden era of Majapahit was short-lived. The empire began to decline after the
death of Gajah Mada in 1364, and it was further weakened after the death of Hayam Wuruk in
1389. The spread of Islam and the rise of the Islamic states along the northern coast of Java
eventually brought the Majapahit era to an end in the late 15th or early 16th century.
(Taken from: https://www.britannica.com/place/Majapahit-empire)

1. What is the main idea of paragraph 2?

2. What is the text genre?
3. What is the purpose of the author?
4. What is the text structure?
5. What are the signal words to define the text structure?

Answer

1. The main idea of paragraph 2 is that under the leadership of King Hayam Wuruk, and his
prime minister, Gajah Mada, the Majapahit kingdom reached its height in the 14th century
and expanded its power throughout Indonesia and even to parts of Malaysia.

2. The text genre is narrative text.

3. The purpose of the author is to inform the reader about the history and key events of the
Majapahit kingdom. The author presents historical accounts of the kingdom's foundation,
expansion, height under King Hayam Wuruk, territories of Majapahit, and eventual
decline.
4. The text structure of the provided passage is chronological. The text presents information
organized by the sequence of events that occurred, starting from the founding of the
Majapahit kingdom, its expansion and height under King Hayam Wuruk, and finally, the
decline and end of the Majapahit kingdom.

5. Signal words to define the text structure include:

• In the 13th and 16th centuries

• In 1292
• Under his rule
• The power of Majapahit reached its height in the mid-14th century
• The empire began to decline after the death of Gajah Mada in 1364
• It was further weakened after the death of Hayam Wuruk in 1389
• Eventually brought the Majapahit era to an end in the late 15th or early 16th century

Reference
Identifying Narrative and Expository Text Structures (intensiveintervention.org)