READING IV

TUGAS 2
DIVA AYUNINGTYAS / 044054629

Text A

Do you want to ruin your child by putting them in front of the television? Recent studies from
all over the world show how badly television can affect a child’s growth physically and mentally.
Television is a negative influence on kids and therefore TV watching must be limited.
First, TV is a bad influence on kids, because children who watch more TV are more likely to
be overweight. For example, researchers Klesges, Shelton, and Klesges found that while watching
television, the metabolic rate is slower than when just resting. This implies that an individual would
burn fewer calories watching TV than when simply sitting silently, doing nothing.
In addition, numerous TV ads encourage unhealthy consumption habits. Two-thirds of the
20,000 television ads a normal kid sees every year are for food, and most are for high-sugar foods.
After-school television ads target youngsters with ads for unhealthy foods and beverages, such as fast
food and sugary drinks. This evidence shows that kids who watch more TV are more likely to be
overweight.
Secondly, television is a bad influence on kids, because watching TV at an early age can affect
children’s brain development. For instance, the early years of a youngster are important to their
development. The American Academy of Pediatrics is worried about the effect of customizing TV for
kids younger than age two and how it could influence kids’ improvement. Pediatricians are firmly
against programing modified specifically for young children, particularly when it is utilized to market
toys, games, dolls, unhealthy foods and other items to babies.
Furthermore, television will discourage and replace reading. Reading needs much more
thinking than TV, and we realize that perusing books encourages youngsters’ healthy brain
improvement. Kids from families that have the TV on a lot invest less time reading and being read to
and are less likely to be able to read. This evidences show kids watching TV at an early age can affect
children’s brain development.
Lastly, television is a bad influence on kids because TV is full of programs and commercials
that show risky behaviors that can affect the child’s actions. Liquor ads on TV have really expanded
throughout the most recent few years and more underage children are presented them than any other
time in history. A recent study by the Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth found that adolescent
presentation to liquor ads on TV expanded by 30 percent from 2001 to 2006. In addition, despite the
fact they have banned smoke ads on TV, children and teenagers can in any case see more than enough
individuals smoking on programs and movies on television. This sort of “product placement” makes
practices like smoking and drinking liquor appear okay. Moreover, kids who watch five or more hours
of television everyday are much less averse to start smoking cigarettes than the individuals who watch
less than the prescribed two hours a day. This evidence shows TV is full of programs and commercials
that show risky behaviors than can affect the child’s action.
Television is a bad influence on kids. Some reasons why are kids who watch TV are more likely
to be overweight, watching TV at an early age can affect children’s brain development, and TV is full
of programs and commercials that show risky behaviors that can affect the child’s actions. Therefore,
parents must be more aware of the hours your kids watch TV, and make your kids go outside and get
active for a better future.
(Taken from: https://whyy.org/articles/television-has-a-negative-influence-on-kids-and-should-be-
limited/)
1. What is the main idea of paragraph 5?
The main idea of paragraph 5 is Television is starting to hinder and replace reading activity.
2. What is the text genre?
The genre of the text is expository.
3. What is the purpose of the author?
The purpose of the author is to inform about Television has a negative influence on kids
and should be limited.
4. What is the text structure?
The text structure is orientation, complication and reorientation.
5. What are the signal words to define the text structure?
The signal words to define the text structure are “is”, “because”, “will”, “in addition”,
“why are”, and “therefore”.

TEXT B

Majapahit empire, the last Indianized kingdom in Indonesia, based in eastern Java and existing
between the 13th and 16th centuries. The founder of the empire was Vijaya, a prince of Singhasari who
escaped when Jayakatwang, the ruler of Kaḍiri, seized the palace. In 1292 Mongol troops came to Java
to avenge an insult to the emperor of China, Kublai Khan, by Kertanagara, the king of Singhasari, who
had been replaced by Jayakatwang. Vijaya collaborated with Mongol troops in defeating Jayakatwang.
Vijaya then turned against the Mongols and expelled them from Java.
Under his rule the new kingdom, Majapahit, successfully controlled Bali, Madura, Malayu, and
Tanjungpura. The power of Majapahit reached its height in the mid-14th century under the leadership
of King Hayam Wuruk and his prime minister, Gajah Mada. Some scholars have argued that the
territories of Majapahit covered present-day Indonesia and part of Malaysia, but others maintain that its
territory was confined to eastern Java and Bali. Nonetheless, Majapahit became a significant power in
the region, maintaining regular relations with China, Champa, Cambodia, Annam, and Siam.
The golden era of Majapahit was short-lived. The empire began to decline after the death of
Gajah Mada in 1364, and it was further weakened after the death of Hayam Wuruk in 1389. The spread
of Islam and the rise of the Islamic states along the northern coast of Java eventually brought the
Majapahit era to an end in the late 15th or early 16th century.
(Taken from: https://www.britannica.com/place/Majapahit-empire)

6. What is the main idea of paragraph 2?

The main idea of paragraph 2 is the glory of the Majapahit empire under the reign of King
Vijaya.
7. What is the text genre?
The text genre is narrative.
8. What is the purpose of the author?
The purpose of the author is to inform Majapahit empire.
9. What is the text structure?
The text structure is orientation, complication, resolution and reorientation.
10. What are the signal words to define the text structure?
The signal words to define the text structure are “Majapahit empire”, “argued that”,
“nonetheless”, and “began to”.