Using the information given in problem 1, what is the maximum cycle time?

2/2

50

150

148

189

Using the information given in problem 1, what is the minimum cycle time?

1/1

41

24

27

One of the techniques used by self-directed teams and work analysts is _____________, which focuses on how a
job is done.

1/1

Flow process chart

Methods analysis

Worker-machine chart

Motion study

It is the systematic study of the human motions used to perform an operation. The purpose is to eliminate
unnecessary motions and to identify the best sequence of

motions for maximum efficiency.

1/1

Flow process chart

Methods analysis

Worker-machine chart

Motion study
A group of machines designed to handle intermittent processing requirements and produce a variety of similar
products.

1/1

Flexible manufacturing system

Computer-integrated manufacturing

Computer-Aided Manufacturing

Numerically controlled machines

It is a remotely-controlled unmanned aircraft, usually small. An important benefit is providing an “eye-in-the sky”
to obtain visual detail in places that are hazardous to humans or that are not readily accessible.

1/1

Drones

Computer-integrated manufacturing

Computer-Aided Manufacturing

Numerically controlled machines

Machines that perform operations by following mathematical processing instructions. The instructions are stored
on a device such as magnetic tape or microprocessor.

1/1

Drones

Computer-integrated manufacturing

Computer-Aided Manufacturing

Numerically controlled machines

It is concerned with determining the length of time it should take to complete the job. Job times are vital inputs for
capacity planning, workforce planning, estimating labor costs, scheduling, budgeting, and designing incentive
systems.

1/1

Work Measurement

Standard time

Micromotion study

Motion stud
Problem 1: Line Balancing. The tasks and the order in which they must be performed according to their assembly
requirements are shown in the following table. These are to be combined into workstations to create an assembly
line according to the most following tasks. The assembly line operates 7½ hours per day. The output requirements
is 1,000 units per day. What is the approximate cycle time?

2/2

Captionless Image

27

24

26

Using the information given in problem 1, what is the total idle time?

0/2

189

148

41

50

The process of assigning tasks to workstations in such a way that the workstations have approximately equal time
requirements.

1/1

Line balancing

Production line

Process layout

Assembly line

Using the information given in problem 1, what is the minimum number of workstations?

1/1

5
A system for linking a broad range of manufacturing activities through an integrating computer system.

1/1

Drones

Computer-integrated manufacturing

Computer-Aided Manufacturing

Numerically controlled machines

A layout in which the product or project remains stationary, and workers, materials, and equipment are moved as
needed.

1/1

Product layout

Combination layouts

Cellular layout

Fixed-Position layout

A layout in which workstations are grouped into a cell that can process items that have similar processing
requirements.

1/1

Service layout

Combination layouts

Cellular layout

Fixed-Position layout

A comparison of functional (process) layouts and cellular layouts. There is a high amount of work in process for
functional layouts, while in cellular layouts it is _____.

1/1

Few

Longer

Shorter

Lower
These are basic elemental motions. The term is Gilbreth spelled backward (except for the th ). The approach is to
break jobs down into basic elements and base improvements on an analysis of these basic elements by eliminating,
combining, or rearranging them.

1/1

Flow process chart

Methods analysis

Therbligs

Motion study

A comparison of functional (process) layouts and cellular layouts. There are many numbers of moves between
departments for functional layouts, while in cellular layouts there are only a _____.

1/1

Few

Longer

Shorter

Lower

As in the case with manufacturing, it can often be categorized as product, process, or fixed-position layouts. In a
fixed-position service layout (e.g., appliance repair, roofing, landscaping, home remodeling, copier service),
materials, labor, and equipment are brought to the customer’s residence or office.

1/1

Product layout

Combination layouts

Cellular layout

Service layout

The use of motion pictures and slow motion to study motions that otherwise would be too rapid to analyze.

1/1

Work Measurement

Standard time

Micromotion study

Motion study
Using the information given in problem 1, what is the Efficiency?

2/2

78.31%

74.43%

93.70%

Jjjjj

A manufacturing plant strategy for company’s competitive advantages. With this strategy, entire products or
product lines are produced in separate plants, and each plant usually supplies the entire domestic market. This is
essentially a decentralized approach, with each plant focusing on a narrow set of requirements that entails
specialization of labor, materials, and equipment along product lines.

1/1

Product plant strategy

Market area plant strategy

Process plant strategy

General purpose plant strategy

A business service activity necessary for achieving quality. Its function is guarantee that the firm complies with laws
and regulations regarding such things as product labelling, packaging, safety, and transportation; designs and
words its warranties properly; satisfies its contractual requirements; and has proper procedures and
documentation in place in the event of liability claims against it.

1/1

Legal services

Quality assurance

Finance and accounting

Technical services

A business service activity necessary for achieving quality. It is responsible for obtaining funds, controlling their
use, analyzing investment opportunities, and ensuring that the firm operates cost-effectively and-ideally-profitably.

1/1

Legal services

Quality assurance
Finance and accounting

Technical services

A disadvantage of globalizing company’s operations. Increased security risks and theft can increase costs. Also,
security at international borders can slow shipments to other countries.

1/1

Security costs

Unskilled labor

Import restrictions

Transportation cost

A manufacturing plant strategy for company’s competitive advantages. With this strategy, plants are designed to
serve a particular geographic segment of a market (e.g., the West Coast, the Northeast). Individual plants produce
most if not all of a company’s products and supply a limited geographical area.

1/1

Product plant strategy

Market area plant strategy

Process plant strategy

General purpose plant strategy

A business service activity necessary for achieving quality. _______________ specialists perform special statistical
studies and analyses and may be assigned to work with any of the manufacturing or business support functions.

0/1

Legal services

Quality assurance

Finance and accounting

Technical services

These business companies use GIS data to make maps available online to prospective home and business buyers.

1/1

Publishers

Real Estate

Logistics companies
Banks

These business companies use GIS data to help decide where to locate branch banks and to understand the
composition and needs of different market segments.

1/1

Publishers

Real Estate

Logistics companies

Banks

A disadvantage of globalizing company’s operations. Low labor skills may negatively impact quality and
productivity, and the work ethic may differ from that in the home country. Additional employee training may be
required.

1/1

Criticisms

Unskilled labor

Import restrictions

Transportation cost

The risk of globalizing company’s operations. Corruption and bribery, common in some countries, may be illegal in
a company’s home country (e.g., illegal in the United States). This poses a number of issues. One is how to
maintain operations without resorting to bribery. Another is how to prevent employees from doing this, especially
when they may be of local origin and used to transacting business in this way.

1/1

Cultural

Political

Legal

Ethical

It is a computer-based tool for collecting, storing, retrieving, and displaying demographic data on maps.

1/1

Executive Information System

Management Information System

Geographic Information System

Integrated Information System

The risk of globalizing company’s operations. It continues to be a threat in many parts of the world, putting
personnel and assets at risk and decreasing the willingness of domestic personnel to travel to or work in certain
areas.

1/1

Terrorism

Ethical

Cultural

Economic

It denotes a firm’s ability to achieve market superiority. It provides customer value, leads to financial success and
business sustainability, and is difficult for competitors to copy.

1/1

Legal services

Quality assurance

Competitive advantage

Technical services

These business companies use GIS data to determine premiums based on population distribution, crime figures,
and likelihood of natural disasters such as flooding in various locations, and to manage risk.

1/1

Insurance companies

Retailers

Utility companies

Emergency services

The risk of globalizing company’s operations. Its differences may be more real than apparent. Walmart discovered
that fact when it opened stores in Japan.

1/1

Terrorism

Cultural
Economic

Ethical

The risk of globalizing company’s operations. Laws and regulations may change, reducing or eliminating what may
have been key benefits.

1/1

Economic

Ethical

Cultural

Legal

These business companies use GIS data to analyze circulation and attract advertisers.

1/1

Publishers

Real Estate

Logistics companies

Banks

A manufacturing plant strategy for company’s competitive advantages. With this strategy, different plants
concentrate on different aspects of a process. Automobile manufacturers often use this approach, with different
plants for engines, transmissions, body stamping, and even radiators. This approach is best suited to products that
have numerous components; separating the production of components results in less confusion than if all
production were carried out at the same location.

1/1

Product plant strategy

Market area plant strategy

Process plant strategy

General purpose plant strategy

A disadvantage of globalizing company’s operations. High costs can occur due to poor infrastructure or having to
ship over great distances, and the resulting costs can offset savings in labor and materials costs.

1/1

Legal and regulatory

Unskilled labor

Import restrictions

Transportation costs

The risk of globalizing company’s operations. Its instability and unrest can create risks for personnel safety and the
safety of assets. Moreover, a government might decide to nationalize facilities, taking them over.

1/1

Terrorism

Political

Economic

Legal

These business companies use GIS data to plan fleet activities such as routes and schedules based on the locations
of their customers.

1/1

Publishers

Real Estate

Logistics companies

Banks

The risk of globalizing company’s operations. It instability might create inflation or deflation, either of which can
negatively impact profitability.

1/1

Cultural

Quality

Economic

Legal

A disadvantage of globalizing company’s operations. Some countries place restrictions on the importation of
manufactured goods, so having local suppliers avoids those issues.

1/1

Productivity

Unskilled labor
Import restrictions

Criticisms

A benefit of a company in globalizing their operations. Companies can avoid the impact of currency changes that
can occur when goods are produced in one country and sold in other countries. Also, a variety of incentives may be
offered by national, regional, or local governments to attract businesses that will create jobs and boost the local
economy.

1/1

Costs savings

Markets

Legal and Regulatory

Financial

A manufacturing plant strategy for company’s competitive advantages. With this strategy, plants are flexible and
capable of handling a range of products. This allows for quick response to product or market changes, although it
can be less productive than a more focused approach.

1/1

Product plant strategy

Market area plant strategy

Process plant strategy

General purpose plant strategy

Gbbb

A core characteristic of job design influence three critical psychological states, which in turn, drive work outcomes.
The degree to which the job gives the participants the feeling that they have a substantial impact on the
organization or the world, for example, solving a customer’s problem rather than simply filing papers.

0/1

Autonomy

Feedback from the job

Task significance

Task identity

It refers to responsibilities and tasks assigned to individuals.

0/1

Job rotation

Job design

Work design

Empowerment

A core characteristic of job design influence three critical psychological states, which in turn, drive work outcomes.
The degree to which the job requires the worker to use a variety of skills and talents.

1/1

Skills variety

Task identity

Autonomy

Feedback from the job

A core characteristic of job design influence three critical psychological states, which in turn, drive work outcomes.
The degree to which the worker can perceive the task as a whole, identifiable piece of work from start to finish, for
example, building an entire component rather than performing a small repetitive task.

1/1

Autonomy

Feedback from the job

Task identity

Skill variety

A type of wastes according to lean philosophy. Involves excessive use of manufacturing resources.

1/1

Excess inventory

Overproduction

Waiting time

Products defects

A core characteristic of job design influence three critical psychological states, which in turn, drive work outcomes.
The degree to which clear, timely information about the effectiveness of performance of individual is available.

0/1
Autonomy

Feedback from the job

Task significance

Task identity

Customer-focused organization focus on this process. Organizations that truly believe in the quality of their
products make sincere commitments to their customers. It might be as simple as guaranteeing that your call or e-
mail inquiry will be returned promptly.

1/1

Customer contact and Interaction

Selecting and developing customer contact employees

Customer commitments

Service recovery and complaint management

An approach for gathering customer information. By monitoring the conversations on discussion groups and blogs,
managers can obtain valuable insights on customer perceptions and product or service quality problems.

1/1

Internet and Social Media Monitoring

Complaints

Field Intelligence

Comment Cards and Formal Surveys

A type of wastes according to lean philosophy. Increases handling, increases work-in-process inventory.

1/1

Excess inventory

Product defects

Waiting time

Unnecessary transporting

A type of wastes according to lean philosophy. Makes unnecessary production steps, scrap.

1/1

Processing waste
Overproduction

Underused people

Excess inventory

A type of wastes according to lean philosophy. Reduce productivity, increase scrap, increase work-in-process
inventory.

1/1

Excess inventory

Inefficient work methods

Waiting time

Unnecessary transporting

An approach for gathering customer information. In customer-driven organization, top executives commonly visit
with customers personally. Hearing issues and complaints firsthand is often an eye-opening experience.

1/1

Internet and Social Media

Direct Customer Contact

Field Intelligence

Complaints

A core characteristic of job design influence three critical psychological states, which in turn, drive work outcomes.
The degree to which the task permits freedom, independence, and personal control to be exercised over the work.

1/1

Skill variety

Autonomy

Task significance

Task identity

A type of wastes according to lean philosophy. Relates to mental and creative abilities as well as physical abilities.

1/1

Excess inventory

Overproduction
Underused people

Unnecessary transporting

An approach for gathering customer information. It is a panel of individuals (customers or non-customers) who
answer questions about a company’s products and services as well as those of competitors.

1/1

Direct Customer Contact

Field Intelligence

Focus groups

Internet and Social Media Monitoring

Customer-focused organization focus on this process. Interaction between a customer and the organization –
whether it be fact-to-face with a salesperson or customer service representative or online on a website. During this
interaction, customers form perceptions about the quality of the service by comparing their expectations with the
actual outcomes.

1/1

Customer commitments

Service recovery and complaint management

Customer contact and Interaction

Selecting and developing customer contact employees

An aspects of process design that are particularly important for lean production system. In JIT, workers are often
trained to do their own setups. Moreover, programs to reduce setup time and cost are used to achieve the desired
results; a deliberate effort is required, and workers are usually a valuable part of the process.

1/1

Manufacturing cells

Quality improvement

Small lot sizes

Setup time reduction

An approach for gathering customer information. It allows an organization to learn about product failures and
service problems, particularly the gaps between expectations and performance.

1/1

Internet and Social Media Monitoring

Direct Customer Contact

Focus groups

Complaints

Kay Kendall and Glenn Bodison propose this “Conditions of Collaboration” that characterize a culture of high
performance. It is often cited as one of the most important factors related to employee motivation. This that flows
freely in all directions promotes collaboration.

1/1

Trust

Respect

Purpose

Communication

A type of wastes according to lean philosophy. Require rework costs and possible lost sales due to customer
dissatisfaction.

1/1

Processing waste

Underused people

Inefficient work methods

Products defects

An aspects of process design that are particularly important for lean production system. First, when moving
through the system, in-process inventory is considerably less than it is with large lots. This reduces carrying costs,
space requirements, and clutter in the workplace. Second, inspection and rework costs are less when problems
with quality occur, because there are fewer items in a lot to inspect and rework. It also permits greater flexibility in
scheduling.

1/1

Fail-safe methods

Little inventory storage

Small lot sizes

Setup time reduction

An approach for gathering customer information. These are easy ways to solicit customer information. It typically
concentrates on measuring customer satisfaction, and often include questions pertaining to the customers’
perception of the importance of particular quality dimensions.
1/1

Internet and Social Media

Complaints

Direct Customer Contact

Comment Cards and Formal Surveys

An aspects of process design that are particularly important for lean production system. There is a never-ending
quest for it, which often focuses on finding and eliminating the causes of problems so they do not continually crop
up.

1/1

Fail-safe methods

Little inventory storage

Quality improvement

Manufacturing cells

It refers to how employees are organized in formal and informal units, such as departments and teams.

0/1

Job rotation

Job design

Work design

Empowerment

An approach for gathering customer information. Any employee who comes in direct contact with customers, such
as salespeople, repair technicians, telephone operators, and receptionists, can obtain useful information simply by
engaging in conversation and listening to customers.

1/1

Direct Customer Contact

Comment Cards and Formal Surveys

Field Intelligence

Focus groups