P- Brock (@s-13 , Gx-1u) Fa> In PAl> ba 2b coup -3 (Bacon Femity) & (Ben) Cs) adap! | AL (Aluminium) (13) 32% sp! ba (Galiwm) G!) UA%y p! oer nénp! In (Ivalium) 4) __S*sp! f TL CThelium) (8) 6A% ep! | Physicap . . setaast) me [Ame JRE ER Tony B | Selia- New m ae ay}ssie | at |Y Soe [Fane |/ fk fe [soi otsy] aneray [HEC HSER 7 Nac | Ln] Sole - Mutap | dnc. [oe x Af Ty] Solid - Mutap dnc. 1 <> &>T0> Ga>M> InStability op Stability op MP. | AP +1 0-S. +30-S. 8B Max xy TY Boum eysts im the foum of Bia Votes in Ceystarl Lattice (CN of each B= 5) Bi, + dco sohedeen Shape 1Q Ventices B12 ao Trig onad faces (eos ahedren) 30 Edaes t Cafing => 60 Veneers naa a (fullerene tee) Our so Amal Aize ef Boren => 3h Covgltut bends b/w bev atems and Close Packs eter Stouctue DV High mestirg pont:Ga exists sb oisute olatemic (ba) Mole wes int Selid phase =D So west THAT Hg point MP bo Very Hasge Ait. Ga Bey wry JS buy MP duet BD. No TE Oa _ewsts im b4ud Stale 1m a wide eo) Temperate So it 1S vSeof im Making tomoteces fore MmeAduMin Pugs tempat wud - a Qigua) < braCSetia) + Volune. 9 Boron doed aot exists im forona of 8% ToS in Compounds - why ? Ans: 3+ Oat de Bien Very Pith: [> data meng 4 free S-unable to tompenste L__, Hiden omen g. freért S unable to lompennteCrema) Chemie seaenons — © Reaction worth _dulegms : E+ Ky —A > Ex,! Dor Relide) eeape TH qytt ast All ake Covalent BU ane AeworS aurols © e&w BU, @) SBrae) S536) WAU ArKcts north Vis 6 AXs + Ni, ——> %5B— Nite [Adduct] © & Xs Av mot foams olimer- (mone Stewie sepulsion in Bo Xs) @pl-apr a@pl-sb3r @bT-ypr _&bT-spr BFFs > AUs > B Bt BIs Dec. Aprreng th af Te back bord dnc. e7 clecpi enc 4 ef 8 dnc. Aeaie audit strug th: dmc. Axe => dnc. LDF duc: MP and BP: AU ane Planar , equal bend angle = lao”H Lyar BxXs Case x = UY, Br, I. 8 X35 +3Hyp ——— > BH), + 3Hx Mechanism H, © z XY 2 x Hg 6 *&™ > Sg S0Y **__y» “Bob B x ta 7 s- “yy 7 x “() x x Hx Vatu &p Caged xX=Ff Bf3s Under Jord pastel hy deat psis deo to hgh Sivength A B-F bonds: BFFs + Bho —— > on), + SHP BF, + HF —> Ht (aF4J_) 3 ef 4uBF, + 3hyo —> Bow,+ 3 HORT p4tho bowc Tetwa aud Flouro oe (Bowe Ava) Boric acd.h-a [ imé aie ee APs = demic Alxs Cx= 4,80, 2) 4 ‘ Belid State ji Vabevk. phase AS, u4U3 Sef, _Betid Stele pee > “AP pase PRM S ln Covalewt, Polymeric Coveteut diameic. i Ionic Ne Y wy RN ON ((Atezo)]™ + axa) Ua mw i MM a ; Bolutt “ry Ny yo ON AY. on of, L Alka, t& acidic. CoN ofeach Ales |! a Alka | eter” = (Atens con] Sr : (arene) i AW, fumes im ™morst an (Alleigo), JU, *$ > Alowss As MOISE We Lay 4 He Cw Witefemes 2) Alaosttze 9 lem pane hewis Adolic Stomgtys of BUs auddlds: \e oO & eh BOs + NHx ——> C8 — Mts Bad ema ALU, + NHa ——> Cay — LA Shieugth = BOs > AlsThe _tendeucy up behave aS KA: dtougses down te qToup in _- 18 torhalraes: @ Reattion —_wai't Drs abs E + 02. —— > f,93 @xc-) (oyrdesy AN bewmes pesrive dus to protective toadng op MoOn vex mete Surface Pouodened We, Ay, 0, (expltSive ven) Bars AnOs Gms Fm Thos fradie Ambit Bane +3 A +d TH, 0 —€— Thot+o, Flow (Storeng base guivelut b Kor) * +3 (~ ry +3 symone, © > Thos TH < uw) p cpeaiine ie Amo phous Bown 2 Mote sea chive—@ Reach. vworth Neo! A +N, aT (on), , ; Cdneeg amic §mbhite) Ny CB pkon nitride ) [| | | Ne NGA Ne Geaphte Ake Sauctime lol Foo, 3 a Io 4 ol_lemaluctre _»p. se ‘Y FN tepmerry ,: “A wes ADo+n 3 — PIN +312 (A! N + Hyo ——> AIO H), + nang OD _Reachov wort C_ B+C ‘ ByC (Beton Cerbide) Cova] vuts Poly meni i 00 Sxtoum Bullet pron) xtetmely Par of VU. High Mp Hou . a Alo Gf eer StummA +c A, Aly Ca (4407 30%) (Au (s+ Hyo—> WAlow, + 3 chy) Methanrale. © Reachev po ty Auds B suas only vote oxidizing auds hou : OR Zing Aad Nen- OW Rg Atuds Cone: Ha SOy | Orl My SOy Hxos , HOU, hx (x= fa an DL HMnDy, HU0y | oty AudSeP! HsP0u, Hy Pos, Ho PO» B+ Conc. Heh ——> NP Patton B+ Ale Ho — > NP Patho B+ ofl He®y, —— No Rather, Notes 8 Can't dlisphy Ht fom _awas. = +> ay B+ HNO, (lnc) ——> SOW, + +p 0 4b. +3 ry B+ 23% (ume) —— BOK), + Sr + mo NoTe: lent. Acid \ & om Any LS CFanachondccus 3Al betemed pars've inn predener off Lone. oyidizing ads C due ep protective Cating, wer metel Stapau) A+ yr L + Alas+ wf A+ H5S2y Cj) —> ALSou), + hy © Reaction worth al Kady’ Bt NaH G@) — Ne rather BO+ Nach @ Pitty Naz Bost t Ali+ NaoHcgy ——> Na Md, + Ha t aa Nal Alon, Al + Nia once, —> Nag Alds4 of Choe) Extoachon oan ® Fon minvuls ; Borax > Na, ByO,+ Jo yO Colemanite § Go B84 %+- Sho fale Hy duateol R-0 €om Nio. of tel Fanlur SPYR =) —Vechwge] manureSe “ap Bue en: - fee aut — 7 Ve —< By ~@Nyd H Dd & gro 7 a ™ CS < gs oH a4 Colemmitr + Go Bso, - Sto Ive] charge = y > Teroarntur-(sp*) B= No.of Sp* typ 6 = b-¥=2 Naz By9, 3 Na,D t+ a Br AaNg BO, > Ald t 805 Ca, Bg 0,1 AGO + 3 8.05 Nag COx 3 Nad + Oo YU Na BO, 8 ANd D t AB OnNd, 0 tA B,O,ty,o Ms By Op Extoatr on af Boru form Borax anineral Shh | Bota —"* Bowe audNag By Og + Hep + Sh,o —>»y Bow, t+ ANG (tort. Steba: Bowe Aad NPs Bro, A BeKW), a Bg 0,t aryot Step : ay Og Teokuter 8 By 0,4 Al “+67 Ahds x Pa Ox 4 Mg A. 84 Mo Bg 0,4 xn A» B+ And dt is v Ol Ah cult $0 plane pure Opt ll’ ne oun 3 () Ve High MPL (i) High CopwAive dg. B- As mee SEO» Cupstdling “one 2 cong” (ty Cyto ath on a. Botum {teu (Cole rante Colemomte ———> 8ovax ——> 8 Sith: Gy B49, + A Na, W314) — rd ay +4 N4BO, + N42 6yo7ANeBO, + Alb, By g Ueystall’setabs (44) (Fast Gop) AOD. 3 Bs 03 ANA, 0-200 Nga 0 Fe By Ont NGO trey alatds WhrBy 0s ana Bor Staba G CO, (&) 4+» Go + a,t U Wa Bray + ©, — > MA Bae AY toy eae ae 4a: Mh, Bu, On __Coptallzatber, Bete tuep) UNABO, = AYO + 2 Bo On 47003, Aa, By 0p dame othe, metiools 44 Bown extorcton Bt z,f . 4 © BIs Wy filam) Wi) Ba Hy —__ 4A ¥, B+ totGit) BUg+ Ha —S—> B&B +HUTD Qome enp.- lem pomas B Aluminium B stax Alds Bowie gud Potash alum Di botane Sodium perbotate Jen seepamic Beuzue 8 etax( Tin yea) “ag Gu en]: ¢ ho Por sp oN $F ana aa \ oO aby Ghyd INK Pf gm sp } o + Back bend Bx 3 vor & | % aH Total A&B % spr iNien — plane Total AB > Bp > Fo OME UME Teton my ae quire unt (anarn 4 Context pons)S How wang 0 atrns Dave I bog Chana ctr in 4 anele cule of Borax ? Ams: 6 = Peto pute OO wtute Crystalline Seta, waty Seluble Ay. Solr of Borax 13 alkaline (Salt ©) wA ava SR) titi) Aq Beln. of botax gurs 43 buffer Sow: - By Dp -+a¥g0 <= ty By & Hon™ Hp Gyo, + Sto —— > “Blew, By 0447 + F#lyp — 4 RCH). + 20 ~ pha = Vas HC BOM) AB eW,+ 4 BOW, uW-4 Salt of woA pia pha + bg Ruf er = pit= pha = 4-25() Rea ubion wrth Auds NMy By 0, + HY +h,o ——» 8 OCW,tNay con: Ke By 05 + "aS8,+ Hyd —> 8 OW, + Na, cnc: O) Reach wrt Mitel * Nag By0, + ANMOH ——""'NaBo, + Mee CS ockium anetebotalt) Mia + 2B, Os => YAla BDL Nig, 0/+ H2d (i) Reach wath _amoltn ity? : Nar By 0p + Ny GY —S—> BN) + Nally (M0 |t mn) (Molt) B29 426 Nag O'/* 28293, BNI tH uc _/ + Nie J + 8, 22 a * Bota Bead Test(fox detectrem af A- bhce capren) Steps * Na, By, + bye (8) —S—> Nae Bu Oy B Hod M4, By &2 —4 + ang Bo, + Br os Bow ¢ arty du de Temibarbat gel ke (Glassy Beara) Step? = Block oyrde + Barer fread —4—rlolowey beak ° J He OLbloek opr de + Bz Os, ——> Metal met botate ( 20,~) &y CoSOy + borax —4— > Bhe_jead. Ce8Oy —A > Go + So Bowar —S > Bro3+ ruBo, Br0,4 Gos Gf Bow , ( Bhe)4-3 Boe Need /otdheoboric a4 [Hs80s % 8 eH] BK | Ha 0 Cenc: Genc- B & owdizingactd BOW, owwckiziny acid ay compound : Rrboame enter Boi + to ———> Bow),+ tet ) force feoben bes Ci _Steructwe | hagored » H- bended a Po yarn wc in Sold State H ~ bend wrthin lagen No_H=bend blu Sayers a Slippery touch ae me mole cute forms 6 H- bonds:Gi _flaaic Natwe Veg weak, Mmobaric Stews 8S Fag St aloes not undergo Self tonr2atron dt 13 abootre acca He 803 + Hoo = (sem) + Ht, + weak eleddohte JES nertee arkbeniys 20d Moke Bronsted aug gq ci d Moe Bair Audie Sr reat, : Crs _-1,Q- diets Sen =) 2 otto s Vinal AAS a frey -¢-0 CH-OH , CM, -on , ’ I CH, - 04 U4 —on Sur, blucod», Froutesy.. Cthglone glycol) cH, -oH (Gra hy y 9) C6 His 2) 646 Hin 5) Glguueel (4 ly ceune) Blow, + Heo == Blow + Ht —O adanon A Crs -\)2 - ols , auore Shrayt, + bowie gud 13 imeumsed- \ - t= di 1 D5 Qin Be =e- - nef }— >| ~ Wh oc 07 eee | 8 ~C-oh_n 2)“ Yon po- >- li mM€9q. ii) dvivey envi) im foeuvaral oliver 7 CdAe = Uroteien's P eimuple ) —> (#49) merase. Boom /uhy tts Cann be obtained by | ° CiS-J\2- Higls ~ C- Sy, Saige " = C —SH Cooy, 1 Uy) He adios Her a UBOg + Hyd BOW, see Bea fe eutho bowie aad Myxta bowe aud 4 UHB0, pe Ry % + He? (Teta bowie aed) Hy By 2 > FL aQyos + 1,0 wn Borie anty amide) H Bog ot BOW; Ww) _Tert ouc awd Blow. + 3 R-eh —“-» BER + Bio C Altes) Cte alt bouate)Ces Uy, Sts) Bury Gruen edged fume © (Devoe @e Hs) (i) By + HT > Batty + *T ey madi QB Fs + 6NaH ——> Bott, + 6 NaF nausnee . on BU, + LiLAl Hy) "E> Bot, +d + Alls Lithium Aluminium ny duiole (LAH) GU _dab method oh te Q Nia BHy + Ty —[o——> Boy tarut+ 4 Sodtuen Goveny ° douohy dude or aang Ag eur” (Resta ung ag ety QNUBMy = ANA 42 BNE eH Zit oI Abts Ree Bgye (2 Uovelers, towe gas WW kus acd Gid__Stou ctw tach B: Bb? hyduidlizeg Hew C—*—D i, Nie. of 2e-ae bonis=y 8 Nb. af Beat bonis=2 B —— Tmax atemszn aplaue= 4 (Nin = planer) (wy Cotdhes fire in an om teating oH, + 02 ee 8,0, + tpD, Ane & Bz onal Vi) Reacmen _vorth ews bases $ Cage + Syrmrnorrie) Cleavage of Bre ees a(4 Ba “B) Cage Ungy rennet or tad Cleavage ef Batt /" eee [2% (0) Cen) oe UV’ aminy(Cg), ion ( 2° amine) wy ® Reautren vw’ NIH3$ PyH, + Nis wt Cony Gry), J en (2 4 —=— 4 Ry Hy + Nits Hah te Banh + Het Ce st) Com eu gamrc beuzme) A u Py Hz + nig’ Ha tentg (BN), + if (2 + (4m ong Ane 4 Bapshite Sodiuen Pec borate L8odivn Prrcpo boleate, Nag C Bs» Ou, (ow, J * 6H D Pep atashren % Nila) By 07 + ANIZOH ——> UAbBO, + 20 NIA B05 + MgO ——> N14, By (Ox) (OH), oe Wha, Bo On (ow,Pov brates * anar 4 one” Ne" 04 Noe OY H BIS ysed as brighter Cuhite ney) i Astheseg eat powoler 8 Inorganic Bonzong/ Boruxely/Borexine (23 INE Hg) p w From oi be ame: A 3Bo Hp + 6 NH, —~—>4 Bs Ua + ota lity From BY 3% 3 BU; + 3VHU ——> Barla Hou, HY Ct chlexo Doraxine) 3BU3 By n—__ — 4d- 4ut <QA Bs N2Hs4s +6 VAR, —»8 Age yt bNUAU F 3S Bo te a BsNZhsUs + bduty 6RHg sure? 8 BRM, 5-8 Ba My Poropeetteds of imo arc. _bemzme’ O _Stourtuw — ()sosteuctunad 1 benzos) 4 No b= Ape Set i He om HA Resorontinns, Stn To. cach B ama n> Sp Ay boralrzeed)- D1 AMAA Speues have 61 eleroms Awusman'c leMpounds OD Soe iteronic. yore bezme (Ua tote) © Nev Poke (pmet=9) but Rave polar bonds &) H Resmromet Aybord, Ba Ne Hy + yo —2> 3 ROH) +343 + 3H, (Steam -(X= Sragle Valen Nig yx Ba WD Ba Na Hy Xe Ww ) fi) x l Le No [ & 6 | oot ve 4 x, HOS © ® Y FoursDit em ou dnecgau'c benzene i& mee “are than bouzene as Mp effective AUB prom te 83 thee in bemzme due gD _ p-|o duerltp blu eeactig Samu Au E4|S- Addit Beoxzme a >< 5 Addition . deroteg ane Benzene Ga S+—g= Bo NaH, + 3 HG —— Banat bg Ch = X,0R --) val 7 o7 Ny WN Ne nel ly HPN onAf C3 GAlumimiven ton’ chloride ) Ala, | Betid State aim Vabevk. phase i A4,u0U8 Selo, Covalewt, Pot jmekic | Covalent direc. i Sonic. RATA aw AN Jt ‘(Alleeoy]™ + hay ume ge Ny ANG Me Behan ef a Y i A i Alda, 13 acidic. CN ofeach D6 | | : i od Als | tea = [AtonxconT ye (amenerner) i ™ heating Ayoltated Als, it Suffer 3 Py duolyss: AlU3 - 6Hyo . Meow, + Hut+ mod [4i, Lily Ont ot dy Wee gutya- Als B Af tg fumed im amor'st_ aA Ald, + H,0 ——» Alow,+ Hut C whtyRea chien yor" elkafi AlUs + NaoH ———> MoH. + Alay (olwte) Soluble g_txe-_| Nia (At. 0H),) Nach @) ' dn wrth _ Wy CRMuoH) * AU, + WH, OH —— > ALOMW., 4 UMY Cuolute) t¥C-Al Most oP d — bhek Cem pouunald drsselve am CAC oP, ep. DH dd feta WMple x tstrpond. NeTE: Arn Uy + NIHYoH ———> Aue, +My bdkety u e et XC: [xm Wry, J » Secluble Al4 of An, (ory, oot” JPrrebasaen xp daa tyd: Ales * (2 AL + Hedy) —A—> Ata, + tpt ( tad.) i) M+ Ug Wy 4+ Alcs (andy) ii) Aho, t C+ 4 4+ > Mas t of UH HOs (Cbs) 2. (ani, PotaS-. Alum C gow) (Ky 804 + Ab Boy), Av go) +) +3 Geuusl fouls ap alums * My So, - My (Say) “24 he +) Bt - Acted * al (ae), J ra [lM Cae]: 40,4 (each metelio "3S Bursounded by bye] * + a Ae Baral! Sxe M* = aut kt PB st WK od 3 M = ast Fe 7 >t noeDeve i i KpS0u (yy + Bb (Bu), Cen RX» Solution Soled nya! aps Potrsn Lu ae (Double Salt) Pre beutrete ° © Ka Sey + rio hy duelysis (Saito 54458) Aly (Sou), * Gtrm duc i) Henson fer s Posh Alum (8) —4 +> Swollen Alum + rot (gra tramch) ka Soy + Ap(S%), +24 ind Aa x z Blkab_ meta) Sutbhats ce Hrednally Blno5 + Sesh Stable Ute Catbeonates.(ii) Feats for Yotas ‘ Potash alia —FaMEEBE » Violet olor (amps pecsence of Kt) Bade Baddy ami ndeap dm selubl (uote) oy Arua . ‘Solunwy NaOH MOH) 5) — > Sokeble fr Vata Albury white PH Vt MOH) .L rma Wobble White VU tAsh Ci) USeo) de Stop bleeoting by Loagulaton: id used fe wile pumifcatien (mate ppt- af anud dist) Wi) Vset aS moklnut im tertile imdusrey Colour bind ex t fabric)Soup — ly Caxton = famuily) C (6) 4: ani apa Si UW + 3a% Bpa Ge (3a) 2 ua® ypa ee > ne mp Sm (S0) + sar spa J PL (82) 2 Bo pA Guu) phe) ond _atrnic Pobwuhes: Phpitep |Natw | Sixe| =-E) deg len Allotaes 4 Pe state pretion © | Sold |NomnetP| | nay. ase] us [ae Sr | Sold — |NommeteP!] YS 1 | doc. — - “VG Ge | Sold |Metallord mig] Sy | Selrd metep ane: ine sr dee Pp | Sold | Metep x st eat dec. > SiS Ge >Pb>Sm e=6 bend Strougih-ef? rewe ference | dng: ut A Stabil ty] Stabil ty size Size ¢ feo 0:s: cl — —_ Be} dee. Se me dee. . : mc. 5 [one dnt J > amon — throm torhedp end’ % bxr-13 ‘ downs, all Known lvmeuts ” Alotwobe.s af Sy TRIG a -Sm I36C —— -S (wowte T> B6C e a Sud) C d Pouselr’) « &- Sm and B-Sm have At ferret Shou dad Abtows crn im crystal LMhcs . Covurnpen oP X-Sm into fb-Su vs treme ad bin oliSease oe tin plageBeualin 9 rf. Sy > caging Sound D Tn og. " SuQhy. Sho > Butter af Tin (use: Mn olout) Gem vurtad Pa urens OQ Rear gn vote haleg ons an —_ i zc) Lee K2 EXu( Tétoa Aahide) _( # PoTy) | NC dow not Hear obseetty Uditte haleg ens.” Chy me made _inofiretty 2g CHy + Uy + cay + Hy m ; Y Luis mt bow ’ PptY: Siren OxV’'Serr, £ 3 Strong Jadluter, ‘BU Tetonfalides, ate tov 4 ,Comp aus en of Stability ory O chy > dy > CBs, > CTy (5 » @ Ge Xo A Sn ty XK Pbk ( Stabrinty ef er o- S$. _ tye: dows We Brug) @& Cy S Siky > 5 eky > Saky> Poy, (Stabiirty fry 0. S. et - eloasag He Ors) a= iS Moun sut Si rs mot- why? men Steuc. ul Sven im (arr of Ss > ™t a 8r Fe \File Seagen_* Chu + Ho ———> Alo TA evr C opeA not Pawe laut O4bital Valrug hel wb oC! st Cc “tTK Sr SiUy + UrgD ——= > Sion), + WAY CSiltcre acid) A SOy_ + BHyO 6k + gd scot + AY (Suet Pesctag Phos9 ime sam) (Bye PS) Chlodafexem ete E tee 0 ze 1 Ed3 (dowdy) 44 “a £0, > £0 = Aude ~ covalent. ovde | rtatume ovde | Natune co Neutoa) COn Audie Sid Sn tudic Geo tudic Fed. | vtuuicSO | Amphotewic. SO. | sonphotemc VoD | cmmphotemic. P| Awmphotemc ($0 exists enly ateveny Dig trap Mixed ovr led : Pb, Ds => (Poo- Por), Bye (Reo. ah) dtm pho ted C fm po Teta C Ss Sta i + C30), C50) ---- ee Citlien SubSde dhinne ar 8 Compare, Resturing. powers 4 Co ,SmD, Poo - Pos: top > Sp > hep Cime: Stabilitys +2 > 8: dowa Hu 3 voup)- 8 Compare ONtO1"Rinng prweng of C2 ,5mQ, Poo, - fs: +4 +. ay Co, 74 | C (odtot) + Hero —4»% Cd+ H2 &4 ot) ts oS sgn gas/ ( water 58 ) Bosch's Voor: @ Reariem wrth awas : Aud Chae E + Cone. aud an Evy @=-mem) cy c+ lene -Hntbs a Hy + (On + nto, 4 Po + Ge. Hy —t» Phas t Hof Po + Game nia, 49> Fa itog) + HyD+ Noa @ Rea chon vt alKabr : Sn + Naty ——> N4&SmD, + 7 fb + Klaoh ——> jimh 22+ Mt Si + Ntaon fir, Aig, Sd, + tTCosas ‘ ' ' i f < Ken Steechyo danic Gxbude-s C4 fut Crduides _Stetehvemae omvettyann toed Oe Ly EY Ben ¢ * Byl . Fes c Auta leales » Bae “Wo Nana Casio rwnalurnn Pore pyen'oleS =I Mn Ca, _ NM Storoni omer Grtudes. + Polymeric Sdlrits * romeot by metalsyf Ad f block. + Extremely hod C-twabbed im intushitep + Weve Weg amelting Vos ef Lathe pont: Taprcalty Nerthey Covalent ‘ jt eer pf Ho i Moe tonic Q] Sten) it Hamdness > Respeerve mutap *3D- Nletwetol Stoudia i Heahee M7: pt’ thom metals Le Vee AS abtTAyivein | Culing tso).SAllo tropes oC ' Chota ne Drm or pha us Oxdwud aueamsornent | to On denad adtsventmug She wes (S obsswu Gy Gra plete Ui) Chwrcoap ui Hiamend WW karmb black GD Fullerenes Gi ke pousder. y entlin benas pa Zz a Black — ary Colowud Cath C+ Oh Pyborclised 12 C-C Bendoruger <2 Au c-ct bend dungths aly usp » Auemar ce dmay cts Ae eta’ + Slipboud Selid Lagat Streit Vind waalls fortes blo adprcud Layers: Thole rmo Ayn avni Cally mst Stabe allotropy ac Density & tances Dees thom that of Or pared: fore Valuers. ° used as Lubricant . Chen ortly rete Sea Bre trom AcQamond oe booty Covap'te Strong Owner, yore Loo 7 dike KMnO 4, Hy Cay Op Hood . Coo Cooy pe" (Melee che awd ° ‘wy oz ~, 4 ox, << r \ po enon ° Di dunevd : ot /\ + 3D uneluerd Solrd:. * > tah Ci SP C-L Bm eoer=/ AU (© bend hugths ac¢eSame Cmtdins Aanglin bods Do not lmoluet “Cleetorat Density moe thon _gwaphete Haudest allerree of (ah bon - V& Digh M-Y- UStk AS Ab VAsive in Cutting bools Sue Otomend 1S Cefovrtess ampwe Atamend + (lowed. Nim - byic Htaphte ——> Oimuond (uom- spt) llerem¥s L__y Ant visu, Auch oxclaus Owabhite —eleunic ac, Svot ——> (mtams pa Cir abrtosp hex) Vappoutaseq C Ong SM Att Anowes fullermes Coot Buckminster Fulluene CFootball rte Shape)BO & * Cath ¢ Bp Aybaiased "No amg ling beng + Puust Allotepe of, Carbon »_Arcornoibic Camp umd - Two types og C- C bend Doagths: Peutagerad aS well AS Rexaonat Hane Tings: WHys Graphite < Diauend < Futtenenes C4ue) (tun) (xu) Cm (Fue Pe mtagonel wings = (2 a a Hexng onal Tings = ao c-C Ain tages ate than, i'm Cyo? How wandany 40 Cath Carlyn 04, te3 Ain bg eoNeed dinkages > L273. =40 ammo oxide ( Co (rn. Pow en Ww Cut A+ of lib Cory + Cis) —4-» coh Gi) By de Ay due oth on of frome aud Lobalic avid: 0 , nt 3, nt 5%, Co + (On AWw Faw Potassium Ferro cyanide * Ky [fe ery] ts > fy 504 + Fe Set nent Ky [Fe rng) + HeS°y —A> fy Soy + Pe Dy 460+ C Come, iy), SOy + Ns Lene Ha S0y (tty) 59 | +» (0dndusteial dS a ww C + Ho 4 SY tomy Hap By Stem) Duende hot) Nate gas/ Syngas du Co +otny, 4 5 Come Nop ky SY hob) ah. Peodutoe qs Poebentres ‘ i Cofowlas , Odouk ler’ as , Neuteep. Ww Toric Oy + Haemoglobin ——> O44 “haemoa le bin CD + Haemoglobin — Cx boty “haemoglobin ON ett CoO —— lawe % dehy louah * Niegvous nes * WaK ege Sight . Frovelly death. 0.GU _AewiS base * eo & 7C =O; CO aus ab dkewis base sing EP fc. Ay Bo Hy + (0 ———> a Ms8 + Co) 5) Reduaing Tabune Co 8 a good Aadu urs quer (24,60 Fegd, + CO —S» fe + Cot (metallurgy af &) W Dele chin + CO puan8 wrth blue flumup- +8 1 Yd, + hor to — Pay + By, +H (ue) (Black) Wi) Abs epi * CO is absorbed by Amumoniatel Culf Cud + ANHa+ co —> Leu (rgg eg] ( Cofourters)Vil) Quanbtabve eSh mation of co% wry) cexey (48) SCO + tad Hh, Ty + 5 Co,t QA (o-AY ( Sterely (CBieck= Bly Za + aN, S25 ——* Mh Suayy ANGE (Steray (Binet = Bay Cotowserss @ Galeri npide (C02) tos VKC-O2 a Cok og fomp - = o,f +e. -- ee 3 C+ op mm @® cD + 20, —4++> w, Hy + O20 ++ ©, tho GD Metal Crctorate/biaeborate Hts tayfe..... ey: CaCos+ HU ———> Gly t Co + Wo Nah Wat HNO, ——> Madlog+ CO) + WO (i) Teumal dtteomperation of (actionste / biterbaratet Caco, —4 > Qot w,ANaHW, —*—> Ala, lo, + Oot Ino Mats —A—+ Abo agen. (M = Na, k, Pb, Cs) Peroben NE xf Or W) Coto, palouetens, Acielrc Gy dt Liens Dame punter amilkg (When ig Creer comnileymerd aliS appears) rap) Solr COg + Iuevom 48 ay re: Gy CO, 1 used 4s fike e¥ bingrgher W) :Silt Quo itis lpmpowngs Silty + used a3 Sear tonauctye3 Silom is extoacted by- CO Realy ttm of Sand o% Fuserz (Si0.) SiOr+ aC —4*» SG + 2eof CReof = tet) Gi) Reduttrenn of Sid: Sd, + 2%, —4> Si + a Fula Say + amy te Si + 2 HU. Com po mad of Get Siliten Ovrpwde Gr0s)o 4: } | | | — Ss; —-o —s; —o — Si—o~ ) | | 0 ° o | } bo —s' —o — S—o — SF — | ( / (ad ~ network Boli) * Each Sr rs Butuoumded by 4 '0’ ' Each O rs dutowmded by 43?faa, Si & * Thue is ApT - 3d T back bonding bw 0b Sj depbun (S03), — Aim eephou Kerselqued Nye talline’= Tridyonte, Quasdx, : pre ballte Quantz ——> Piezo dectac Substance C Poodluce elector ert 4 m™ Applying porBuxe) < ved high theunrel Sta bill vey igh smelting porn Kuo fen N45 SiO + Hso Sids N\ HE Sify + Hao Sidy + Une —> Srfut Iso Sr hydbuolyses paedrally Guat the &F3 SrFy + Ytyo ——> Srlom, + anf CSify + Que ——" (8 Fe] Jaa BSiFy + Ynyo ——» Sr@h), +2 Wy(SiA)HF «Ss hy only aud lWohich Sachs with glass CSr02) (E>: Smaiat Auten, other dun: Stuccepul sm) HF iS Mot Stor : mn gles Vetbe/s, C3t cs Stoted in plas te) @ Silitenes « Sileenes ate 949 Aino Sil Comic (Si-o) Polymers Paving 3f—o -S; Ainkag es: . They a Sy nthere pety mend + They ane plaparicl by Aydialyss of -alegl chlo Silanes. followed ay ly MH Sabp, CHy % Methome Sity & Silane Sidy 3 Tetoachlonoi lane RS; U3 8 Akg? ter chlo silane Ro 3i Cp 2 Diafkyt of Ch low Silane. £3 SiC 5 Tot afkat chlowo SilanePore bavatton alk ChloMo 3; lames: WD Qdsp 43) SE Crs sidy (Majo) tin Fem Graig mand) Rengeurs S- s+ R- Mg — (R= —Hs- Cots ---) Sidy BMX 5 RS :04.4 AMR Ry Sidy RMX Ks Sid t Maxcp t Maxg t Maxg Subsotunm Reavrony Tapes awd pueb axahen oh Silanes C) Chaim Sileynes / kimear Silicones ? Ry Sidg—2 2 > Chaim Sihicomes / dimear Silicones Ra 31g + Hyg0 — > Ro Sylow, + aHyp& R & | 1 ) ---— Sr —o —Si —0 — Sr —o---- | | ] B RK R Chain Silreme (Mab GS _Cyetea Steen Ro Sr u —n? 4 Kc Sileymes nd Gwar ~ )imk Stk RVUs thd, boar - Dimbteo Sil terns -R3Us + Shed — > R Sow, + 3nymw Sr —o — Ss — 60 — S-—O---- -— 0 — Sr—o---- ) p wm SoS I gz Rad Fun Mah a5 iS USed foe Cham tem RaSvO im poly smeSan'on process of SS Itunes - Ory i 38Popparties wk Silicones CO Veeg Thigh Mee mad Stability C'Stromg Sic , Sto beds) tii) €xthe anely Tigh M9. qud B:& aid Chemically rebel Qw_Hyduo phobic__C wabek 208 ¢Stant) (du tp bems Swoewded by mon peter alhy? Gtups) W)_Oo met Conduct electorerty. (Wi) Non toxic Wil Bro - Cempatible UN) Vis warty =f Q4qued Se tenes 23 mot aff e ches by Temperate: G_High deel coe Stoength (Stable ry alectore Freld) @) Five Poroogt Uses =p Silivenes! Ouse aS water Axpetlaut #7 pamts- Cid USeot fete ma kivy Coo big moulds. lili) USeal for clectereal mS ulaten: @) Useol for cwSmetic S ©) US| for fixing punctwe in fs: WY Liqued Siltones ane used aS Iubsitauts ever ™ Very Cold corr'trend.@__ Silicate s : Sr-p bendy 4 Metap |» dn Siliates Quem Cahrenlay Bihicates ety present in Commi, Som Sones, Glas, Vatwous mimety/3 -... y= Sinnplesir — Silrcate anim + Sr, [ Basic Siltexte unre: Tybe3 op Siltcates * W ettho 3iicates Gid fyeo siliated Giid Simgte Charm Sil'eates Civ) Cyelee SiltatesWW Deuble cham Sikutes Wi) Shut Sik ules Wid 3d - Silitetes (iy Oat Siltcgres [Sy & Mere canis] bf ZA Si Oy > Kiko Hooks dike Aram ond USed im making Tewellees Less dumable but cheaber than Olvarmmend - © Pymo silicates /O'silicates * (Si, 0957 + meted Canora) U= 6- 2 Srby let Sing L Had esi Oo(sio,)" chain Each aetratedud umit- 1S Shaving itis two p'd por'th — Mat jacent—uwts- a) Cyclic Silicate | t Gros), + _Meta/ atensmas Bes Aly 3% Dig Bergt) ominexap G) Double chain Silregtes “CA am piibetes) (Asbestos) — (sty 0,5), v TRS Sonallest_ epeating vite 3 = 6= (32 One) > (Se Ox, ),2 (sy Q, ), Half detahulu) oni'ks 244 shan thes 2% wrth Suvwumdings, white sert Ral dutvath lta) Unr'ks Aue Shatiorg Boo’ wrth Dus wan.dling S ON au ang, ead Letwatedead vra't 83 Shawing aS Sv’ vot Sumo unalngs.WD Sheet Silcahes unit (S101 Om), (80g) > (Sa 5°), Cath tetwahedus Unit 9 Shmuing /H1B, 3D? wth Ss iho wactinns Units: {iy = Sitiates, C Atymino Silcares) (Srog), => feo Si" ome suplaced by O°? Examples to Learember_! ( Keolites Coy Pocmurt)-_ Ly mimesNido Aly Si, Og + XO (Sioa), > asi” Bt + 2h, > r Merblaced by AW and Ay No Te’ KRSM-§ CGeotte) iS used as Catalyst pcm Alecks into Gasefine: (i FeDds bor, (a mmimerst) KA S308 at x Se), B13 Saplaced by Wand Kt Gi) (stra manne Uabis dazulls Ly Blue _byment nag Ay Sip Oy Se at ge (Nae Al Sy Oxy) Se . |, CSro,) bait JEpuaed by bAL + im) @ A t(Siog 2" hain tNSum omaha Type Fetemula No.af DY hated bya po etree re | Duethosilicate Si oy" Zeng Pytesilicate Sig 09° 4 Single chain (sos 2, a Siltute eye —_ | GOI 3 |_Siliate _|or= 3,6 (most armnen) | le Chair *y One 4,3 Double claim (s 4 On Ly lay’ 236 [sia |“ OO" fy seg) Sheet (Si2.057),, 3 Siliates a. $02) 3p - Silicates Soret rebaced — bay AIS* onetation S Some omts wding Siliales © All Sihates< ae mom panar @__dn_all Siltates i 0-5-0) Si = + 0:S- ° -a ou® Mm Situ anton =4x- 2 Coee= mo. 9p Si » @? m0. of o ) S4 Sr. Oz aRY — 7#xQ =-6 Ono op ‘0’ worth ene_bond_%& —ve charged 0's |4x-2 | Ady. roto dp Pande val min Ben Aly Si,dig ig: m (a) + Qs) + 6 Yt 1B Eas an + 6 tau -36 =o Ma?ame dmbortaur Compowwls =P Sar pud Compounds ¢ Sm OD Stamnous chtouide (Sm Uy): Frrep ahatton ‘Sn + HU ——> Say + igh (sus Smu** Compounds ake adusgys stud alarg worn the peeces op Sn_ metal Smt? Ste» Syltt Sn + Sn“! ——> 2&rit Comp we boktiguatien Porop ek tie & Ww Reducing Natu: Sut _lompowd sae good Audlutiyy agrute a> Sut 3 ombte 3Tble “tram Sn +e 5 $e +y Sy Cy + Us, ——> feauy + Sndy "Sady + Wu, — > ly + Siu, & ze tT ty | Sn, + Hy Gy ——> Ha tle + SoltyL“4y. us + Sn, —> yf + Shey (Grey Bice +2 +> 0 74 Qn Oy + Au ds — Au + Sndly (Cotlordad gaa pe el D +y Su Un + Ago — Ayt Sndy (Brak 5 2 ate “sot? — CBlaey di) _kewis awd Snd, au3 as duoS 4ut du gd (2 Vatut OALutad om Coutoal atom U1? dncomplete 0 tub Sud, + Ch ——+ Snu,” a aB (Ny) Heat duated 5 Sm 4,7 AH20 Undeesors Ay dualyars m Aeohing’ “d Snly+ FHp0 (6) —49-> Su Owes HUt HoeA, Snow, 3nd CY) Regu yo'th al kel Sully + A NgoH ——> Sulon. | + anucy (Whrte ) te Nia, [Solo Wy) Xo (Setubk) “aol Gite Waa. (Se 04] CSetapley Z Stannic chiewde (Sm dy) * Pow banat o Sn + Ug Cent) ——> Su ty Gy Sm Gy —Aeeahiony — Smcty Gi) Sm Ae Sntly Paro = aq Gd _hewis Aud. Sn Gy + AU ——> Sut, SnGut @HU ——> Hol 8ney, Sm Weta Muy ——> Why), L Sn bs]tip Reaction wrth atkel’ Sn Uy + 4Y Nao h ——» Sulow, 4 + YAAYy Wobrty Sm (on kh na, [Sn ( 1, ] NOP (Setubk) ‘ & Oxides ef Sy Sn 0% tye Sm03: whrte @m plot wi) @m plot wu) : (Mutastamc au, See poration oma 9 D ty =e? Sn + Oa 8 Sg OO Cexc-) air- +a 7 Sa C, Oy 4A, Sy0 + Wt Wr (Stann ous 0 Kalate) Yooper sird Ha SDy “2 Sm Soy (abs ence bia aia)(absente of a4) ae Nagou Nita Sn 02 9 A1g,{Sn(0K,] (absence of ain) +4 HoSOy —HaS0u sm (Sou), +4 HY a Sud, fo OMY ae +4 4 Ngov Na, Sud. ot Ny, [Sno] Piseb mation + UW Pb 29), —A_» fot no, t +ogh = w tides Bb eae Roe tat ey Phony —4> Por 4 dst %by D3, —*—> apo + 15,4 (Pho: Pho)Pra Oy —*> 3f07 Lot (2 Pbo- Yb02) YorobundieS a «fellows ¢ ohowrud (knowns Massrcot) Pho RB coo use Cknowy 43 Ai thang) C2 Amnphotene owde , Water imdetuble w) Leumit Aauds: Ao + Hu ——» PbUQ + Io Ro + Ha S0y ————> PhSOyt Hao Yo + HNO, ———> PbhWlos), + tro Git) Regetmr worth alike: PbO + NaOWw ——— > An hdgt ho Nol Pb OW.) a heaol Oi oyrde (PbO) = ons Pbx0, * Red Lead ( Mineral)Posy + Y HAto, ——> Pho, 4 +2 Ph (Mog) +30 Cont) (Bac) en - P4or weactron. +o +Y ~ ae p Pb.Oy — aro: PbO, [oo basic b Os i La ynoa 2 Pb(Nos), + &ino [C71 20) ee Poroputies » G) dnSeluble in water, ampho teuc oxide © Snselble m Has ag did Strom onidise, CO > Orta ze) (¥s09_——» Po + (oJ) *Y “t +2 ° PbO. + UK ——> Phu, +t ayo aM +Y ss Yb O, + 309 ——> Fb30, fl au * "@y) Heating / boi ling wort [gne-_ovy Awds% ( PhO, ——> Phot og |_av¢ _, Salt #0505 + Cone. rvdsmy —A—» od + Sat Awd 9b 0g + HNOS —+— Po (Nog) +0n+hO Clent) 2 9 Og + —HaSey —S—> Py So, 4 Drab Myo Clent.) ®) Reach wrth alkali (Soluble) PL Op+ Kao ———> Nal Ph(on), ] a Nia PbO + Meo Reams ep aminrd ovo of Yo Po,0, + Hy —4-» 7? APD + HY — >» 4 Pbhuy + dugod Ph Og tHu ——> PU, + +danroPb,Oy + HU —4A—> Pilla + Us + ine The &mdq