TAMALE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

COURSE: WORKSHOP PROCESSES

MATRIX NO: 08220365
NAME: AYAMGA GODWIN
HND LEVEL 100
 ASSIGNMENT 1

QUESTION ONE (1)

(A) With the aid of sketches and notes, distinguish between precision and accuracy.

Accuracy and precision are two measures of observational error. Accuracy is how close a given set
of measurements (observations or readings) are to their true value, while precision is how close the
measurements are to each other. Precision refers to the amount of information that is conveyed by a number in
terms of digits . It shows the closeness of two or more measurements to each other whiles Accuracy is the
condition or quality of being true, correct or exact; freedom from error or defect, precision or exactness,
correctness.

(B) Distinguish between line and end standards under the following heading:

Characteristics Line Standard End Standard


Length is expressed as the
Principle
distance between two lines.
Length is expressed as the
distance between two flat
parallel face.

Limited 0.2 for high accuracy,

Highly accuracy for
scales have to be used in
Accuracy measurement of close tolerance
conduction with magnifying glass
up to +/- 0.001mm.
or microscope.

Scale marking are not subject to

These are subjected to water on
Effects of wear wear, however significant wear
their measuring surfaces.
may occur on leading ends.

Cannot be easily aligned with the Can be easily aligned with the
Alignment
axis of measurement. axis of measurement.

Parallel effects. That are subjected to parallex error They are not subjected to
parallex error.

(c)​(i) State TWO (2) circumstances under which parallax error occur and TWO (2) ways
to minimize or eliminate parallax error.

Ways under which parallex error occur are;

The scale and pointer are separated from each other.

The line of vision is not directly in line with the measuring scale.

Ways under which parallex error can be eliminated are;

To minimize this error, the development of correct feel is one of the skills to be
acquired by the inspector.
The reretchet slips when the applied pressure exceeds the minimum required
operating pressure.

(ii) The FIG.1 below shows the parallax effect of an observer’s eye of a measurement.
FIG.1

Let d = separation of scale and pointer

D = distance between the pointer and eye of the observer

Ѳ = angle which the line of sight makes with the normal to scale.

Show that:

Error (PA) = d tanϴ​

Solution

Error Pa=

QUESTION TWO (2)

(A) (α) State TWO (2) basic reasons why jigs and fixtures are widely used in
engineering workshop.​​
Reasons for use of jigs and fixtures in the workshop are;

Operation time is reduced due to an increase in speed , feed and depth of cut
because of high clamping rigidity.
Jigs and fixtures helps to improve the precision of your manufacturing machinery.

(∞) Using a table, mention the name of the metal working process involved in carrying out the
following operations and also state the machine/equipment on which this is carried out.

Operation Metal work process Machine

(i) Reducing the diameter of

a cylindrical object.
Turning Lathe machine

(ii) Making a cylindrical

Drilling Drilling machine
hole of an object.

(iii) Very fine finishing of

the inside diameter of a Boring Roller burnishing machine
cylinder liner,

(iv) Cutting a ‘V’ groove on

Milling Milling machine
a flat surface.

(v) Reducing the thickness

of one side of a metal
cube.

(vi) Joining two metallic

objects.
Welding Welding machine

(B) Sketch practical use of the following fixtures in a machine shop.

(i) fixed steady

(ii) Travelling steady

(C) Show with sketches the following key couplings:

(i) Round key​

(ii) Gib-head key​

Yh

(iii) Woodruff key​​

(iv) Square or Rectangular key​​