National University

SM City Fairview Complex, Quirino Highway cor. Regalado Ave.

Quezon City

School Year 2023-24

Second Term

CESTLD20
Principles of Steel Design (Lecture)
CE212

Rate

Assignment No.1

50 Terms and Symbols Used in Steel Design

12/13/2023
Submission Date

Submitted by:
Name Gler, Maria Carmela A.
Student No 2021-131164
Date 12/13/2023
Submitted to:
Engr. Arnulfo P. Delima
Doc Code PRC-L-A Series 01
 CESTLD20
CE212 PRINCIPLES OF STEEL DESIGN
Term 2-2023-24 Assignment

5O TERMS AND DEFINITION

1. ADJUSTED BRACE STRENGTH - is the strength of a brace in a buckling-restrained

braced frame al deformations corresponding to 2.0 times the design story drift.
2. ALLOWABLE STRENGTH - is the nominal strength divided by the safety factor, Rn /
Ω.
3. ALLOWABLE STRESS - is the allowable strength divided by the appropriate section
property, such as section modulus or cross-section area.
4. AMPLIFICATION FACTOR - is the multiplier of the results of first-order analysis to
reflect second-order effects.
5. AMPLIFIED SEISMIC LOAD - is the horizontal component of earthquake load E
multiplied by Omega_{o} where E and the horizontal component of E are specified in
the NSCP code.
6. APPLICABLE BUILDING CODE - is a Building Code under which the structure is
designed (i.e NSCP 6th Edition).
7. ASD (ALLOWABLE STRENGTH DESIGN) - is a method of proportioning structural
components such that the allowable strength equals or exceeds the required strength
of the component under the action of the ASD load combinations.
8. ASD LOAD COMBINATION - refers to load combination in the NSCP code intended
for allowable strength design (allowable stress design).
9. AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION (AHJ) - is the organization, political
subdivision, office, or individual charged with the responsibility of administering and
enforcing the provisions of this standard.
10. AVAILABLE STRENGTH - is the design strength or allowable strength, as appropriate.
11. AVAILABLE STRESS - is the design stress or allowable stress, as appropriate.
12. AVERAGE RIB WIDTH - is the average width of the rib of a corrugation in a formed
steel deck.
13. BATTEN PLATE - is a plate rigidly connected to two parallel components of a built-up
column or beam designed to transmit shear between the components.
14. BEAM - is a structural member that has the primary function of resisting bending
moments.
15. BEAM-COLUMN - is a structural member that resists both axial force and bending
moment.
16. BEARING - is the connection, limit state of ultimate shear forces transmitted by the
mechanical fastener to the connection elements.

Title Submitted by Date

mcag 12/10/23
Useful Terms and Symbols Used in Steel Design Submitted to Date
apd 12/13/23
Doc Type & No Page no.
PSD-L-A-01 1 of 5
 CESTLD20
CE212 PRINCIPLES OF STEEL DESIGN
Term 2-2023-24 Assignment

17. BEARING-TYPE CONNECTION - is a bolted connection where shear forces are

transmitted by the bolt bearing against the connection elements.
18. BLOCK SHEAR RUPTURE - refers to a connection, limit state of tension fracture along
one path and shear yielding or shear fracture along another path.
19. BOUNDARY MEMBER - is a portion along wall and diaphragm edge strengthened
with structural steel sections and/or longitudinal steel reinforcement and transverse
reinforcement.
20. BRACED FRAME - is an essentially vertical truss system that provides resistance to
lateral loads and provides stability for the structural system.
21. BRACING - is a member or system that provides stiffness and strength to limit the out-
of-plane movement of another member at a brace point.
22. BRACE TEST SPECIMEN - is a single buckling- restrained brace element used for
laboratory testing intended to model the brace in the Prototype.
23. BRANCH FACE - is the wall of HSS branch member.
24. BRANCH MEMBER - refers HSS connections, member that terminates at a chord
member or main member.
25. BUCKLING - is a limit state of sudden change in the geometry of a structure or any of
its elements under a critical loading condition.
26. BUCKLING STRENGTH - is a nominal strength for instability limits states.
27. CAMBER - is a curvature fabricated into a beam or truss so as to compensate for
deflection induced by loads.
28. CHARPY V-NOTCH IMPACT TEST - is a standard dynamic test measuring notch
toughness of a specimen.
29. CHORD MEMBER - refers to or HSS, primary member that extends through a truss
connection.
30. CLADDING - is the exterior covering of structure.
31. COLUMN - is the structural member that has the primary function of resisting axial
force.

32. COLUMN BASE - is an assemblage of structural shapes, plates, connectors, bolts,

and rods at the base of a column used to transmit forces between the steel
superstructure and the foundation.
33. COMBINED SYSTEM - refers to the structure comprised of two or more lateral load-
resisting systems of different type.
34. COMPARTMENTATION - is the enclosure of a building space with elements that have
specific fire endurance.
Title Submitted by Date
mcag 12/10/23
Useful Terms and Symbols Used in Steel Design Submitted to Date
apd 12/13/23
Doc Type & No Page no.
PSD-L-A-01 2 of 5
 CESTLD20
CE212 PRINCIPLES OF STEEL DESIGN
Term 2-2023-24 Assignment

35. COMPLETE-JOINT-PENETRATION GROOVE WELD (CJP) - is a groove weld in

which weld metal extends through the joint thickness, except as permitted for HSS
connections.
36. COMPOSITE - is the condition in which steel and concrete elements and members
work as a unit in the distribution of internal forces.
37. COMPOSITE BEAM - refers to structural steel beam in contact with and acting
compositely with reinforced concrete via bond or shear connectors.
38. COMPOSITE BRACE - is a reinforced-concrete-encased structural steel section
(rolled or built-up) or concrete- filled steel section used as a brace.
39. COMPOSITE COLUMN - is a reinforced-concrete- encased structural steel section
(rolled or built-up) or concrete-filled steel section used as a column.
40. COMPOSITE ECCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAME (C-EBF) - is a composite braced
frame meeting the requirements of Section 545.
41. COMPOSITE INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAME (C-IMF) - is a composite moment
frame meeting the requirements of Section 541.
42. DESIGN LOAD - is the applied load determined in. accordance with either LRFD load
combinations or ASD load combinations, whichever is applicable.
43. DESIGN STRESS - is the design strength divided by the appropriate section property,
such as section modulus or cross-section area.
44. DESIGN WALL THICKNESS - is the HSS wall thickness assumed in the determination
of section. properties.
45. DIRECT BOND INTERACTION - is a mechanism by which force is transferred
between steel and concrete in a composite section by bond stress.
46. DIRECT STRENGTH METHOD - is an alternative design method detailed in Section
C-1 that provides predictions of member strengths without the use of effective widths.
47. DISTORTIONAL BUCKLING - is a mode of buckling involving a change in cross-
sectional shape, excluding local buckling.
48. DISTORTIONAL STIFFNESS - is an out-of-plane flexural stiffness of the web.
49. DOUBLE CURVATURE - is a deformed shape of a beam with one or more inflection
points within the span.
50. DOUBLY-SYMMETRIC SECTION - is a section symmetric about two orthogonal axes
through its centroid.

Title Submitted by Date

mcag 12/10/23
Useful Terms and Symbols Used in Steel Design Submitted to Date
apd 12/13/23
Doc Type & No Page no.
PSD-L-A-01 3 of 5
 CESTLD20
CE212 PRINCIPLES OF STEEL DESIGN
Term 2-2023-24 Assignment

5O SYMBOLS AND DEFINITION

1. Ae - net effective area, equal to the total area ignoring any holes (in2, ft2, mm2, m2)
2. Ag - gross area, equal to the total area ignoring any holes (in2, ft2, mm2, m2)
3. Anet - net effective area, equal to the gross area subtracting any holes (in2, ft2, mm2,
m2)
4. Ap - bearing area (in2, ft2, mm2, m2)
5. Athroat - area across the throat of a weld (in2, ft2, mm2, m2)
6. Aweb - web area in a steel beam equal to the depth x web thickness (in2, ft2, mm2, m2)
7. ASD - Allowable Stress Design
8. bf - width of the flange of a steel beam cross section (in, mm)
9. ci - distance from the center of a circular shape to the inner surface under torsional
shear strain (in, mm, m)
10. co - distance from the center of a circular shape to the outer surface under torsional
shear strain (in, mm, m)
11. c1 - coefficient for shear stress for a rectangular bar in torsion c2 coefficient for
shear twist for a rectangular bar in torsion CL, q center line
12. Cb - modification factor for moment in ASD & LRFD steel beam design, Cb = 1 for
simply supported beams (0 moments at the ends)
13. Cc - column slenderness classification constant for steel column design
14. CD - load duration factor for wood design
15. CF - size factor for wood design
16. Cm - modification factor for combined stress in steel design
17. CM - wet service factor for wood design
18. Cp - column stability factor for wood design
19. Ct - temperature factor for wood design
20. dx - difference in the x direction between an area centroid ( x) and the centroid of the
composite shape ( xˆ ) (in, mm)
21. dy - difference in the y direction between an area centroid ( y) and the centroid of the
composite shape ( ŷ ) (in, mm)
Title Submitted by Date
mcag 12/10/23
Useful Terms and Symbols Used in Steel Design Submitted to Date
apd 12/13/23
Doc Type & No Page no.
PSD-L-A-01 4 of 5
 CESTLD20
CE212 PRINCIPLES OF STEEL DESIGN
Term 2-2023-24 Assignment

22. DL - dead load

23. Fa - allowable axial stress (psi, ksi, kPa, MPa)
24. Fb - allowable bending stress (psi, ksi, kPa, MPa)
25. Fb’ - allowable bending stress for combined stress for wood design (psi, ksi, kPa, MPa)
26. Fc - allowable compressive stress (psi, ksi, kPa, MPa)
27. Fconnector - resistance capacity of a connector (lb, kips, N, Kn)
28. Fc’ - allowable compressive stress for ASD wood column design (psi, ksi, kPa, MPa)
29. δ - elongation (in, mm)
30. δP - elongation due to axial load (in, mm)
31. δs - shear deformation (in, mm)
32. δT - elongation due to change in temperature (in, mm)
33. Δ - beam deflection (in, mm); an increment
34. Fe - allowable buckling stress for combined bending steel design (psi, ksi, kPa, MPa)
35. Ft - allowable tensile stress (psi, ksi, kPa, MPa)
36. Fv - allowable shear stress (psi, ksi, kPa, MPa); allowable shear stress in a welded
connection
37. Fx - force component in the x coordinate direction (lb, kip, N, kN)
38. Fy - force component in the y coordinate direction (lb, kip, N, kN); yield stress (psi,
ksi, kPa, MPa)
39. Fu - ultimate stress a material can sustain prior to failure (psi, ksi, kPa, MPa)
40. F.S. - factor of safety
41. Vn - nominal shear strength capacity for LRFD beam design (lb, kip, N, kN)
42. Vu - maximum shear from factored loads for LRFD beam design (lb, kip, N, kN)
43. w - (also ω) load per unit length on a beam (lb/ft, kip/ft, N/m, kN/m)
44. t - thickness (in, mm, m)
45. φb - resistance factor for flexure in LRFD steel design.
46. φc - resistance factor for compression in LRFD steel design .
47. φt - resistance factor for tension in LRFD steel design.
48. φv - resistance factor for shear in LRFD steel design.
49. γD - dead load factor in LRFD steel design.
50. γL - live load factor in LRFD steel design.

Title Submitted by Date

mcag 12/10/23
Useful Terms and Symbols Used in Steel Design Submitted to Date
apd 12/13/23
Doc Type & No Page no.
PSD-L-A-01 5 of 5