SAFE SEX AND CONTRACEPTIVES

Instructor’s name: Myracle Aguila Isip

Section: 24 Health Education

Course Description

This course is to be presented to an audience of healthy men and women at the age of eighteen
(18) to forty (40) in order for them to learn and be informed on how safe sex and contraceptives
are interrelated and how it can promote reduction of health risks if unsafe sex in young adults.
This course will also provide information on different contraceptives and how they are used to
prevent sexually transmitted diseases and their treatments.

Objectives

● Gain knowledge and awareness in the importance of safe sec

● Understand how safe sex promotes risk reduction
● Gain knowledge about the importance of contraceptive
● Know the different contraceptives and how to use them
● Know about the common and sexually transmitted diseases that can be acquired through
unsafe sex
Sub Objectives:
● Accessibility of Services and Programs

Teaching Methods to be used

Lecture Method - this method will be used in the discussion part of this course to discuss the
topic and objectives.

Using Visual Aids - the use of powerpoint and presentation and handouts will allow for better
understanding and interactive discussion with the audience.

Inquiry-based discussion- this will be used to encourage participation, discussion and

clarification of topics that may be more vague or incomprehensible.

Topic Outline

I. Introduction
a.Importance of safe sex education
b. Objectives and Goals

II. Understanding Sexual Health

a. Definition
b. Benefits
c. Common misconceptions
 III. Sexual Anatomy and Physiology and Contraception Methods
a. Male and female reproductive Anatomy
b. Understanding Menstrual Cycles
c. Contraceptives and their different uses

V. Sexually Transmitted Disease

a. Common types of S T I , their symptoms and complications
b. Modes of transmission and prevention strategies
c. The importance of regular testing & treatment

VII. Accessing Sexual Health Services and Programs

a. Reproductive health clinics and services
b. Local resources for contraception , testing and counseling
c. Confidentiality and Privacy Privacy considerations.

VII. Summary and Q&A

a. Recap of key points
b. Addressing participant questions and concerns.

Details of the Topic

I. Introduction

A. Importance of Safe Sex Education

Safe sex is a crucial aspect of health education that focuses on promoting and
encouraging the practice of sexual behaviors that minimizes the risks of sexually
transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies. This includes topics of
preventative measures such as contraceptives, how to use them, and strategies aimed at
protecting an individual’s sexual lifestyle and health.

B. Objective and Goals

The objectives and goals by the end of the lecture is that the audience will:

● Gain knowledge and awareness in the importance of safe sec

● Understand how safe sex promotes risk reduction
● Gain knowledge about the importance of contraceptive
● Know the different contraceptives and how to use them
● Know about the common and sexually transmitted diseases that can be acquired through
unsafe sex

Know about:

Sub Objectives:
 ● Accessibility of Services and Programs

By achieving these objectives and goals, safe sex education and contraceptive use can
contribute to improved sexual health outcomes, reduced STI transmission rates, and a
decrease in unintended pregnancies, ultimately promoting overall well-being and a
healthier society.

II. Understanding Sexual Health

a. Definition

The World Health Organization (WHO) provides a comprehensive definition of sexual health:

"Sexual health is a state of physical, emotional, mental, and social well-being in relation to
sexuality; it is not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction, or infirmity. Sexual health
requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the
possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences, free of coercion, discrimination,
and violence. For sexual health to be attained and maintained, the sexual rights of all persons
must be respected, protected, and fulfilled." [Source: World Health Organization. (2006).
Defining sexual health: Report of a technical consultation on sexual health, 28–31 January
2002, Geneva.]

b. Benefits

Safe sex education provides the benefit of empowering individuals to make informed decisions
and engaging in responsible sexual behaviors. Having safe sex educations helps in:

● Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infection

● Reducing unintended pregnancies
● Reduction of Stigma and Myths
● Promotion of Health Equity

c. Common misconceptions

There are several misconceptions related to safe sex and sexual health. It is important to discuss
these and bring them to light through comprehensive and accurate sexual health education.
Providing correct information and dispelling myths helps individuals make informed decisions,
reduce risk-taking behaviors and promote healthier sexual decisions in their lifestyle.

III. Sexual Anatomy and Physiology and Contraception Methods

a. Male and Female Reproductive Anatomy

Understanding the male and female reproductive anatomy is important for various aspects of
sexual health, including contraception, fertility, and overall reproductive well-being

b. Understanding Menstrual Cycles

The menstrual cycle is a natural process that occurs in females of reproductive age. It involves a
series of hormonal and physiological changes in the body, preparing the reproductive system for
pregnancy.

I. Menstruation
II. Follicular Phase
III. Ovulation
IV. Luteal Phase
V. Menstruation and Cycle Reset

The length of the menstrual cycle varies among individuals, but the average cycle lasts around
28 days, with variations considered normal. It's important to note that menstrual irregularities
can occur due to various factors, including stress, hormonal imbalances, certain medical
conditions, or the use of certain medications.

Understanding the menstrual cycle is beneficial for several reasons:

I. Fertility
II. Menstrual Health
III. Contraception
IV. Predictability and Planning
V. General Well-being

It's worth noting that if the clients have specific concerns or questions about their menstrual
cycle, it is good to advise them to consult with a healthcare professional who can provide
personalized guidance and support.

c. Contraceptives and their different uses

Contraceptives are methods or devices used to prevent pregnancy by interfering with the process
of fertilization or implantation. There are various types of contraceptives available, each with its
own mechanism of action and recommended use.

I. Barrier Methods
II. Hormonal Methods
III. Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)
IV. Emergency Contraception
V. Permanent Methods:
It's important to note that contraceptives do not provide protection against STIs, except for
condoms. For comprehensive protection, it is recommended to use barrier methods in
combination with other contraceptive methods, especially if there is a risk of STI transmission.

Choosing the most suitable contraceptive method depends on various factors, including
personal preferences, medical history, lifestyle, and reproductive goals. It is advisable to consult
with a healthcare professional who can provide individualized guidance and help determine the
most appropriate contraceptive method for each individual.

V. Sexually Transmitted Disease

a. Common types of STI , their symptoms and complications

There are several common types of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), each with its own set
of symptoms and potential complications.

Chlamydia:

Symptoms: Many people with chlamydia may not experience any symptoms. When symptoms
occur, they can include abnormal vaginal or penile discharge, pain or burning during urination,
pain during sexual intercourse, and lower abdominal pain.
Complications: If left untreated, chlamydia can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in
women, which can cause chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and ectopic pregnancies. In men,
untreated chlamydia can result in epididymitis, inflammation of the tube at the back of the
testicles.

Gonorrhea:

Symptoms: Like chlamydia, many individuals with gonorrhea may not have noticeable
symptoms. When symptoms occur, they can include abnormal discharge from the vagina or
penis, pain or burning during urination, increased frequency of urination, and in women, pain
during sexual intercourse or bleeding between periods.
Complications: Untreated gonorrhea can lead to PID in women, similar to chlamydia. In men,
complications may include epididymitis and, rarely, infertility. In both sexes, untreated
gonorrhea can spread to other parts of the body, causing more severe health problems.

Genital Herpes:

Symptoms: Genital herpes typically presents with painful, blister-like sores or ulcers in the
genital area. Other symptoms can include itching, tingling, or a burning sensation before the
sores appear. Flu-like symptoms, such as fever and swollen lymph nodes, may also occur during
the initial outbreak.
Complications: Although herpes is a chronic infection, it generally doesn't cause serious health
problems. However, it can lead to recurrent outbreaks of painful sores. Additionally, if a
pregnant woman has genital herpes, there is a risk of transmitting the infection to the newborn
during childbirth, which can have severe consequences.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV):

Symptoms: Most people with HPV do not experience symptoms. Certain strains of HPV can
cause genital warts, which are typically flesh-colored growths or bumps in the genital area.
However, many HPV infections are asymptomatic and resolve on their own.
Complications: Some high-risk strains of HPV can lead to the development of cervical, anal, or
oral cancers. Regular screenings, such as Pap tests and HPV testing, are essential for early
detection and treatment of precancerous changes.

Syphilis:

Symptoms: Syphilis progresses through distinct stages. In the primary stage, a painless sore
called a chancre appears at the site of infection. In the secondary stage, a rash may develop,
along with flu-like symptoms. In the latent and late stages, syphilis can cause damage to the
heart, brain, nerves, and other organs, leading to serious health complications.
Complications: Untreated syphilis can result in severe health issues, including cardiovascular
problems, neurological disorders, and organ damage. In pregnant women, syphilis can be
transmitted to the fetus, leading to congenital syphilis, which can cause developmental issues
and stillbirth.

b. Modes of transmission and prevention strategies

Modes of Transmission of STIs:

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can be transmitted through various modes.

1. Sexual Contact: Unprotected sexual intercourse, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex, is a
primary mode of STI transmission. It involves direct contact with infected body fluids,
such as semen, vaginal secretions, or oral fluids.

2. Vertical Transmission: Some STIs can be transmitted from an infected mother to her
baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. This is known as vertical
transmission and can occur with STIs like HIV, syphilis, and herpes.

3. Blood Contact: Sharing contaminated needles or syringes for injecting drugs or through
other forms of blood contact, such as transfusions with infected blood products, can
transmit certain STIs like HIV and hepatitis B and C.

4. Skin-to-Skin Contact: Some STIs, like herpes and human papillomavirus (HPV), can be
transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact with infected areas, such as sores,
lesions, or warts.
Prevention Strategies for STIs:

Abstinence: The most effective way to prevent STIs is to abstain from sexual activity, including
vaginal, anal, and oral sex.

Condom Use: Correct and consistent use of male or female condoms during sexual activity can
significantly reduce the risk of STI transmission. Condoms act as a barrier, preventing direct
contact with infected body fluids.

Vaccination: Vaccines are available for certain STIs, such as hepatitis B and HPV. Vaccination
can help prevent infection and reduce the risk of related complications.

Testing and Treatment: Regular STI testing, particularly for individuals who are sexually active
or engage in high-risk behaviors, is essential. Early detection and prompt treatment of STIs can
help prevent transmission and reduce the risk of complications.

Mutual Monogamy and Partner Selection: Limiting sexual activity to a mutually monogamous
relationship with an uninfected partner reduces the risk of exposure to STIs. Choosing partners
who have been tested and are known to be free of STIs is important.

Safe Injection Practices: Avoiding the sharing of needles or other drug paraphernalia and using
sterile equipment for any injections can help prevent the transmission of blood-borne infections
like HIV and hepatitis.

Education and Communication: Promoting comprehensive sex education, raising awareness

about STIs, and encouraging open communication about sexual health and risks can empower
individuals to make informed decisions and practice safer behaviors.

c. The importance of regular testing & treatment

Regular testing enables early detection of STIs, even when there are no noticeable symptoms,
allowing for prompt treatment and reducing the risk of complications and further transmission.
It helps protect personal health, prevents the spread of infections to sexual partners, and
provides peace of mind. Regular testing also promotes open communication about sexual
health, ensures access to effective treatment, and helps prevent long-term consequences such as
infertility and chronic health conditions. Consulting healthcare professionals and following their
recommendations is essential for personalized testing and prevention strategies.

VII. Accessing Sexual Health Services and Programs

a. Reproductive health clinics and services

In the Philippines, there are several reproductive health clinics and services available that
provide comprehensive sexual and reproductive health care.
Likhaan Center for Women's Health: Likhaan is a non-governmental organization that focuses
on women's reproductive health and rights. They operate health clinics in different locations in
the Philippines, providing a range of services, including family planning, maternal health care,
and STI screening and treatment.

Family Planning Organization of the Philippines (FPOP): FPOP is a non-profit organization

dedicated to promoting and providing family planning and reproductive health services. They
have clinics and centers across the country that offer contraceptive counseling, family planning
methods, and reproductive health education.

Department of Health (DOH) Health Centers: The DOH operates various health centers
throughout the Philippines, including rural health units and city health offices. These centers
provide reproductive health services, including family planning consultations, contraceptives,
and STI testing and treatment.

Philippine General Hospital Reproductive Health Care Center: Located in Manila, the Philippine
General Hospital (PGH) has a dedicated Reproductive Health Care Center that offers a wide
range of reproductive health services, including family planning counseling, contraception,
gynecological consultations, and STI screening.

b. Local resources for contraception , testing and counseling

Department of Health (DOH) Health Centers: The DOH operates health centers nationwide that
offer reproductive health services, including contraceptive counseling, family planning methods,
and STI testing and treatment.

Family Planning Organization of the Philippines (FPOP): FPOP operates clinics and centers
across the country that provide family planning services, including contraceptive methods,
counseling, and reproductive health education.

Likhaan Center for Women's Health: Likhaan has clinics in different locations in the Philippines
and offers a range of services, including family planning, maternal health care, and STI
screening and treatment.

The Red Ribbon Project: The Red Ribbon Project is an NGO that provides HIV testing,
counseling, and referral services. They have multiple centers in various locations in the
Philippines.

LoveYourself PH: LoveYourself PH is an organization that focuses on HIV/AIDS awareness,

prevention, and testing. They have community centers in different areas of Metro Manila where
individuals can access HIV testing and counseling services.

Philippine NGO Council on Population, Health, and Welfare (PNGOC): PNGOC is an alliance of
NGOs working in the field of reproductive health. They collaborate with member organizations
to provide reproductive health services, including contraception and counseling.
Local Health Centers and Barangay Health Stations: Local health centers and barangay health
stations, which are present in many communities across the Philippines, often offer basic
reproductive health services, including contraceptive methods and sometimes STI testing.

c. Confidentiality and Privacy Privacy considerations.

Confidentiality and privacy are essential aspects of sexual health services. In the Philippines,
individuals seeking sexual health services have the right to expect confidentiality. Healthcare
providers, including those at reproductive health clinics, are bound by professional ethics and
legal obligations to maintain patient confidentiality. This means that your personal health
information and discussions will be kept confidential.

It is important to note that minors seeking sexual health services in the Philippines have the
right to access these services without parental consent or notification, as stipulated in the
Reproductive Health Law. This provision aims to ensure that young individuals can access
necessary care and support while protecting their privacy.

When accessing sexual health services, it is advisable to inquire about the confidentiality policies
and procedures of the specific clinic or provider to ensure your privacy is protected. Openly
discussing any concerns about confidentiality with healthcare providers can also help build trust
and ensure that your needs are addressed appropriately.

VII. Summary and Q&A

a. Recap of key points

Importance of Safe Sex: Safe sex education emphasizes the significance of practicing safe and
consensual sexual behaviors to protect one's own health and the health of sexual partners.

Understanding Sexual Health: Sexual health encompasses physical, emotional, and social
well-being related to sexuality. It includes knowledge about reproductive anatomy, STIs,
contraceptives, and healthy relationships.

Contraceptive Use: Education on different types of contraceptives helps individuals make

informed choices about preventing unintended pregnancies. This includes barrier methods like
condoms, hormonal methods like birth control pills, long-acting methods like implants or IUDs,
and emergency contraception.

STI Prevention: Education on STIs highlights the common types, modes of transmission,
symptoms, and complications. Strategies for prevention include practicing safe sex, getting
regular STI testing, and using barrier methods like condoms consistently and correctly.
Regular Testing and Treatment: Regular STI testing is recommended, especially for individuals
who are sexually active or engage in high-risk behaviors. Early detection and prompt treatment
of STIs reduce the risk of complications and prevent further transmission.

Access to Sexual Health Services: Safe sex education highlights the availability of reproductive
health clinics, local resources for contraception, testing, and counseling. It emphasizes the
importance of seeking professional guidance for personalized sexual health needs.

Confidentiality and Privacy: Safe sex education emphasizes the importance of confidentiality
and privacy when accessing sexual health services. Healthcare providers are bound by ethical
and legal obligations to protect patient confidentiality.

Overall Well-being: Safe sex education promotes holistic well-being, emphasizing the physical,
emotional, and social aspects of sexual health. It empowers individuals to make informed
decisions, engage in healthy sexual practices, and cultivate positive relationships.

Remember, safe sex education is an ongoing process, and it is important to stay updated with
the latest information, guidelines, and recommendations provided by healthcare professionals
and reputable sources. Helping not just ourselves but our peers and possible future children.

b. Addressing participant questions and concerns.

1. What is the importance of having safe sex

2. Why is using contraceptives important in practicing safe sex
3. What are the risks of having unprotected sex
4. What are the possible sexually transmitted diseases that can be acquired through unsafe sex ,
give 2.

REFERENCES:

World Health Organization: WHO. (2019). Sexual health. www.who.int.

https://www.who.int/health-topics/sexual-health#tab=

Thelwell, K. (2020). Sex Education in the Philippines. The Borgen Project.

https://borgenproject.org/sex-education-in-the-philippines/
CDC Works 24/7. (2023, June 26). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

https://www.cdc.gov/

Family Planning Organization of the Philippines | IPPF. (2021, November 17). IPPF.
https://www.ippf.org/about-us/member-associations/philippines
Likhaan Center for Women’s Health. (n.d.). Likhaan. https://www.likhaan.org/

J. (n.d.). 8 Common STDs: What You Need to Know | Pfizer.

https://www.pfizer.com/news/articles/8_common_stds