INDIRA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, PUNE

Master of Business Administration (MBA) 2022-24

GLOBALIZATION
PAST AND FUTURE
HISTORY TEA
Submited by

Mahesh Bhagwat Mohire

Roll No - MB - 30
 WAVES OF GLOBALIZATION IN HISTORY

 Six Major Waves of Globalization (by Jeffrey Sachs):

1) The Great Dispersal (100,000 BC-8000 BC)

2) The Neolithic Revolution (8000 BC-4000 BC)

3) Land-Based Globalization (4000 BC-1450 AD)
4) Ocean-Based Globalization (1450 AD-1800 AD)
5) The Anglo-American World (1800 AD-1950 AD)
6) The New Globalization (1950 AD-present)
 OCEAN BASED GLOBALIZATION (1450-1800)

The period between 1450 and 1800 witnessed a significant shift in global dynamics, fueled primarily by
advancements in maritime technology and European exploration. This era, known as "Ocean-Based
Globalization," was characterized by:
 Technological Advancements:  Global Trade Networks:
 Improved shipbuilding  The Atlantic Trade Triangle .
 Navigation  The Spice Trade
 Cartography  The Trans-Pacific Trade

 Exploration and Colonization:  Economic, Social, and Cultural Impacts:

 European voyages  Economic Growth
 Columbian Exchange  Cultural Exchange
 Colonial empires  Exploitation and Inequality
 THE ANGLO-AMERICAN WORLD (1800-1950)

The period between 1800 and 1950 witnessed the rise and dominance of the Anglo-American world in
global affairs. This era was characterized by:

 Technological Advancements:  Social and Cultural Changes

 Industrial Revolution  Urbanization
 Rise of American industry  Social reforms
 Development of new technologies  Cultural exchange
 Economic and Political Influence:  Impact and Legacy:
 British Empire  Technological advancements
 American expansion  Economic growth
 Rise of capitalism  Political change.
US led Globalization

The transition from British to US dominance, the impact of

decolonization on industrialization, the rise of the information
age, the decline of poverty rates, and the environmental
challenges faced by the world, leading to the necessity for new
governance structures and global cooperation in the future
wave of globalization.
 Rise of US Global Dominance:

01 


American Century Prediction: Henry Luce foresaw American economic and technological dominance post-World War
II.
US Economic Power: Post-war, the US led in economic, financial, and technological sectors, representing around 25-
30% of world production with only 5% of the population.
Transition from British to US Leadership:

02
 British Empire Decline: Imperial decline under 10%, leading to the dissolution of the British Empire.
 Anglo-American Transition: The shift of global leadership from Britain's industrial era to US
dominance.

Cold War Era and Geopolitical Forces:

03
• Cold War Tensions: US-led vs. Soviet-led world spheres, although the US remained dominant economically.
• US International Role: Championing global institutions like the United Nations, opening global trade, advocating for
decolonization.
• US Influence: Exercising political influence, covert actions, and occasionally engaging in wars to secure national interests.
Decolonization and Its Impact:

04
 End of European Imperial Rule: Peaceful decolonization or wars of liberation led to the end of direct
imperial rule.
 Impact on Industrialization: Decolonization allowed for the diffusion of knowledge, education, and
investment in infrastructure, facilitating the spread of industrialization.
 THE NEW GLOBALIZATION (1950-PRESENT)

The "New Globalization" refers to the current era of heightened global interconnectedness, characterized
by rapid advancements in technology, finance, and communication.

 Key Events and Processes:

 The Bretton Woods system and the creation of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund
 The fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Cold War
 The rise of the internet and the digital revolution
 The Asian financial crisis and the global financial crisis of 2008
 The rise of China as a global economic power
 The increasing prominence of global issues like climate change and terrorism
THANK YOU...