Course Title: Inorganic and physical chemistry-I

Course Code: CHE1105

Course Tutor : Fouzia Ahmed Anny

Chemical Kinetics

Reaction rate:

The rate of a reaction is the amount of reactant used up or the amount of product formed in unit
time.

Rate of reactant

Rate of product =

Difference between rate law and law of mass action:

RATE LAW LAW OF MASS ACTION

It is an expression that tells the rate of a It is an equation which represents the ratio
reaction between the masses of products and masses of
reactants whose power is raised according to

Its expression contains the rate constant,
concentration of reactants and the order of the
reaction. Has no specific expression.
A+B C+D
their stoichiometric coefficients.
Its expression is written as Reaction is
2A+3B 3C + 2D
which includes the concentration of products
and reactants and their stoichiometric powers.

Rate α [A] [B]

Rate = k[A] [B]
k = rate constant
K = equilibrium constant

Order of a reaction:

Order of a reaction is the sum of the coefficients of the reacting species involved in the rate
equation.

1st order reaction:

A first-order reaction is one in which the rate of a reaction is proportional to the concentration
of the reactant.

SO2Cl2 → Cl2 + SO2

Rate = k [SO2Cl2]1

= k [SO2Cl2]

The order of this reaction is = 1

2nd order reaction:

Second order reactions can be defined as chemical reactions wherein the sum of the exponents in
the corresponding rate law of the chemical reaction is equal to two.

H2 (g) + I2 (g) 2HI (g)

Rate = [H2]1 [I2]1

The order of this reaction is = (1 + 1)

=2

1st order reaction equation:

ln [A]t = – kt + ln [A]0
 -kt
[A]t = [A]0 e
⬚
2nd order reaction equation: [A]t
= + kt
t 0
[A] [A]
Concentration
ln[A]t

t
Rate
Rate

Concentration Concentration

Half-life equation of 1st order reaction:

t1/2 =

Half-life equation of 2nd order reaction:

t1/2 =
K [A]0
 Colloids

Definition:

A mixture in which very small particles of one substance are distributed evenly throughout
another substance.

Example: Milk, Fog.

Preparation of colloids:

Peptization method:
Mechanical dispersion method:

Importance of colloids:

Questions type

1. Define rate of a reaction. Calculate order of a reaction, rate of reactant and rate of
product from a reaction.
2. Plot Concentration (reactant/product) vs time graph.
3. Compare rate law and law of mass action and compare the mathematical equation of 1st
and 2nd order reaction with graphical representation.
4. Describe colloids with example. Write down its properties, importance and preparation
methods.