Running Head: Discussions 1

Discussions

Name

Institution
DISCUSSIONS 2

Discussion # 1

After the terrorist attack on September 11 in 2001, changes occurred in federal legislation of the

United States to established a Homeland Security Department, these changes affect overall law

enforcement (Whitehead et al., 2001). Findings suggested that ninety-five percent of changes

occurred in police agencies post 9/11 attack. This change starts from the operational level to the

enactment of new bureaus in favor of counterterrorism goals. The most prominent change is the

formation of a specialized terrorism unit or insertion of homeland security issues into a new

intelligence unit. They need more resources to allocate in this department and increase the

budget of the police agencies. The addition of the Homeland security department positively

impacts policing programs and is also positively associated with activities over terrorism.

According to the Mintzberg model, the first role is an interpersonal role through officers need to

interact with others on daily basis, the second role is an informational role in which officer

would inspect and monitor the, and makes sure that it is running smoothly, and the third role is

decision making, this role is possessed by executive officers, they take administrator decision.

References

Whitehead, J. W., & Aden, S. H. (2001). Forfeiting enduring freedom for homeland security: A

constitutional analysis of the USA Patriot Act and the Justice Department's anti-terrorism

initiatives. Am. UL Rev., 51, 1081

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Discussion # 2

An appearance of impropriety arises when rational minds, with an understanding of all the

admissible circumstances, unfold by a logical inquiry, would come to an end that the judge’s

integrity, honesty, unbiasedness, character to serve as a lord justice is damaged. In our country’s

judicial history, many respectable members of the bench, have by their professional and personal

deeds, severely damaged public trust in the judiciary. For example, if a judge faces a case where

direct application of the law does not end in the result according to his expectation and what he

expected is a surprising injustice to others, may he change the law according to his will that is an

unethical act. Court is a government institution for resolving the disputes and maintaining th

justice among people while organization is a solely for business purpose in order to earn money.

Judicial training should be planned properly, political science, law, and criminal justice are

needed as educational background. Create separate training plans for each level of the hierarchy.

Provide training regarding violence based on gender for all administrator personnel. Use an

approach "teach a teacher" to get the highest result, through main trainers will train more judges.

Create and announced training when the latest legislation is passed, and new schemes are

declared (Thomas, 2006).

References

Thomas, C. (2006). Review of judicial training and education in other jurisdictions. Consultado

a, 15, 2018.
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Discussion # 3

A private prison is a place where prisoners are kept by a third party that is under contract with

the government. Private prison has its advantages and disadvantages. Economically it is very

beneficial, it provides jobs, make money in many ways, and also decisions take place faster

(Dolovich, 2005). But morally, it seems ugly because it makes humans into a commodity

through organizations earn money, it developed more security risk and offer minimum services.

Parole is defined as an early release of a prisoner; the purpose of parole is to release the prisoners

who are less-risky to the community. It should be abolished because it allows criminals to

commit crimes again, if the criminal had not been punished properly for his/her crime it will not

discourage his/her criminal nature, and sometimes many dangerous criminals might be slipped

through parole. In correction careers, a case manager seems more appealing to me, because the

case manager helps in the rehabilitation of the prisoners. Much of their duties include helping

inmates to get back on their feet and become a better person for society. In another word, their

main job is counseling the prisoners.

References

Dolovich, S. (2005). State punishment and private prisons. Duke LJ, 55, 437
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Discussion # 4

Budgeting and forecasting are a mechanism that organizations use to make a strategy for where

leaders want to take an organization. A budget gives the direction to spend the money while

forecasting explains whether an organization is heading in the right direction. The budget

provides you with a specific plan to prioritize your expenses and allows you to concentrate on

the things that are very before you (Carr., 2011). Forecasting and budgeting should work back to

back with each other, such as forecasts longterm-term or short-term could be used to create and

manage an organization’s budget. Law enforcement agencies funds came from the federal grants,

forfeitures, fines and fees, local public funds and private donations. A budget of law enforcement

is the second-highest budget of USA after education but still, it lacks money so they raise their

funding through private donations for example corporate funding, community funding and

family funding. Many individuals make their budget to discipline their self but I don't have any

personal budget because it makes me get stick with certain rules, I would not able to purchase the

things I wanted and bounded me to spend unplanned things that sometimes need of the present

scenario because we can make plans, but we can't predict our future. Moreover, its time taking

things needed to adjust from time to time, and I can't remember all my spending.

References

Carr, S. (2011). Enabling risk and ensuring safety: self‐directed support and personal budgets.

The Journal of Adult Protection.

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