PERIO PARTICULAR TIME

D
PH-1 SUB: MODERN COMMUNICATION

AIM: V-SAT

INTRODUCTION:-

 It is a two-way satellite ground station with a

dish antenna size is typically 1.8 meter to 3.8
meter in diameter, although smaller antennas
are also in use.

 VSAT was originally intended for store-and-

data communications but has evolved into
real- time internet services.

 VSATs access satellites in geosynchronous

orbit to relay data from small remote earth
stations (terminals) to other terminals.

 (Mesh configurations) or master earth station

“hubs" (in star configurations).

 V-SAT data rates typically range from

narrowband up to 4 Mbit/s.

 V-SATs can support any comn requirement i.e

voice, data, or video.

 Most VSAT networks are configured in one

of these topologies:

STAR Topology

 VSAT networks provide IP connectivity with

terrestrial teleport or Hub at customer’s
headquarters in the Star center. By
leveraging host networking equipment at the
teleport, our customers can now deploy their
 own private networks without the expensive
costs of a VSAT System Hub infrastructure.

MESH Topology

 It allows all terminals to communicate with

each other directly. A hub must control the
communications process, but need not be
involved in carrying traffic. Hybrid topology
allows a group of VSAT terminals to
communicate in mesh topology while others
communicate only in star topology.

 Comn Satellite normally operates in C band

and the comparisons with other bands are
given below.
 C- band = 3 TO 7 Ghz
 Ku band = 10 to 18Ghz
 K band = 18 to 31 Ghz

V SAT SEGMENT :
 The VSAT system consists of two segments.
 The space segment
 The ground segment.

SPACE SEGMENT

 Transponder Contained in the satellite body

are a number of transponders, or repeaters.
These transponders perform the following
functions:

 Signal Reception:-It receives the signal

uplinked by a VSAT and/or hub

 Freq Translation:- The frequency of the

received signal is translated to a different
Frq.
  The frequency translation ensures that there
is no positive feedback and also avoid
interference.

 The transponder also amplifies the downlink

signal.

 The number of transponders determines the

capacity of a satellite.
GROUND SEGMENT
1. Hub earth station (NMS) network
management system
2. Remote VSAT.

HUB EARTH STATION: VSAT Hub is a huge

earth station that is responsible for controlling
& monitoring all the activities of the
geographical spread of VSATs.

 In some cases all the remote VSATs

communicate to one central site, this central
site is connected to the hub.

 HUB earth station will use 4.5 M to 11 M size

antenna depending on frequency used and
capacity of service to be provided.

 The network management system (NMS) is an

important element of VSAT Network.

 NMS and it provides centralized management

tool for the network used.
The MART (Multi Acess Radio Terminal) in
POLNET is used for extending the
voice connectivity to police stations from the
district headquarters/ V Sat locations.

THE BASIC EQUIPMENT AT A REMOTE SITE

CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING:
 Satellite dish – The reflector used to receive
and transmit the radio signal.
  BUC – Block up convertor – transmitter
 LNB – Low Noise Block – receiver
 CO-AXIAL Cable : used to connect the
outdoor equipment to the indoor eqpt.
 Modem :- It is used to modulate and
demodulate the signal (SCPC OR TDMA)also
you will need the it equipment if you want to
connect to the internet with and VoIP (voice
over IP) phones.
FEATURES:-
 Simple and easy to install
 Independent from telephone companies
 Flexibility in changing
 Low error transmission rate
 It provides FAX, E-mail, TELEX, Video
conference, audio and data transmission.
 It is independent of terrain; it can be installed
in highly region, high land or any remote
areas where any other means of
communication is not possible.
 VSAT network have access to national and
international network.
 Data transmission is secured.
 It gives instant connectivity.
 Tariff is independent of distance.
 Installation and maintenance is very easy.
 Low cost investment is high quality digital
communication.
 One step hopping communication.

ADVANTAGE:-
 VSAT provides a wireless link completely
independent of the local terrestrial/wire line
infrastructure - especially important for
backup or disaster recovery services
 VSAT services can be deployed in hours or
even minutes .
 VSAT enables customers to get the same
speeds at all locations across their entire
network regardless of location .
 Corporate-grade VSAT networks are private
 layer-2 networks over the air for backup or
disaster recovery services
 VSAT services can be deployed in hours or
even minutes.

 Most current VSAT systems use a broadcast

download scheme (such as DVB-S; Digital
video broadcasting over satellite.) which
enables them to deliver the same content to
tens or thousands of locations simultaneously
at no additional cost

DISADAVANTAGE:-
 The satellite in geosynchronous orbit 35,786
KMs above the Earth, VSAT links are subject
to a minimum latency of approximately 240
milliseconds round-trip.
 This makes them a poor choice for "chatty"
protocols or applications such as online
gaming.
 VSATs are most commonly used to transmit
narrowband data or broadband data.
 VSATs are also used for transportable, on-
the-move mobile maritime (such as Inmarsat
or BGAN= Broadband Global Area Network )
communications.