JOSE MARIA COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC.

Philippine-Japan Friendship Highway, Sasa, Davao City

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Subject

CLJ 2 (Human Rights Education)

Submitted by:
Jimboy Urbina Daway Jr.
Allan Anthony D. Palmes
Richter Paul R. Balaba

Submitted to:
Maverick P. Garcia, RCrim

December 2023

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 Table of Contents

Cover page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I
Table of Contents . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II
Background of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 3
CHR Organization and Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .12
Programs of CHR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..13
Problem Situation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . 18
Recommendation . . . … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .19
Pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Reflection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

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 Human Rights

I. Background of the Study

a. History

The concept of human rights has, in some sense, existed for centuries,
although people have not always thought of universal human rights in the same way
humans do today. Among the oldest evidence of human rights is the Cyrus
Cylinder dated from 6th Century BCE, it had rights like no slavery, worship of your
own religion, and racial equality. In 539 B.C., the armies of Cyrus the Great, the first
king of ancient Persia, conquered the city of Babylon. But it was his next actions that
marked a major advance for Man. He freed the slaves, declared that all people had
the right to choose their own religion, and established racial equality. These and
other decrees were recorded on a baked-clay cylinder in the Akkadian language with
cuneiform script.

Known today as the Cyrus Cylinder, this ancient record has now been
recognized as the world’s first charter of human rights. It is translated into all six
official languages of the United Nations and its provisions parallel the first four
Articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

The Spread of Human Rights

From Babylon, the idea of human rights spread quickly to India, Greece, and
eventually Rome. There the concept of “natural law” arose, in observation of the fact
that people tended to follow certain unwritten laws in the course of life, and Roman
law was based on rational ideas derived from the nature of things. Documents
asserting individual rights, such as the Magna Carta (1215), the Petition of Right
(1628), the US Constitution (1787), the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and
the Citizen (1789), and the US Bill of Rights (1791) are the written precursors to
many of today’s human rights documents.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a non-binding declaration

adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, partly in response to the
events of World War II. The UDHR urges member states to promote several human,
civil, economic, and social rights, asserting these rights are part of the "foundation of
freedom, justice, and peace in the world".

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 b. Introduction

Every person has dignity and value. One of the ways that we recognise the
fundamental worth of every person is by acknowledging and respecting their human
rights. Human rights are a set of principles concerned with equality and fairness.
They recognize our freedom to make choices about our lives and to develop our
potential as human beings. They are about living a life free from fear, harassment, or
discrimination. Human rights can broadly be defined as several basic rights that
people from around the world have agreed are essential.

These include the right to life, the right to a fair trial, freedom from torture and
other cruel and inhuman treatment, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and the
right to health, education, and an adequate standard of living. These human rights
are the same for all people everywhere – men and women, young and old, rich, and
poor, regardless of our background, where we live, what we think, or what we
believe. This is what makes human rights ‘universal’.

Human rights are inherent in our nature and are essential for the development
and use of our human qualities, intelligence, talents, and conscience. They are
based on mankind's increasing demand for a life where the inherent dignity and
worth of each human being receive respect and protection. These rights are
sometimes called fundamental rights, basic rights, or natural rights, and are often set
out in a constitution. Human rights are not created by any legislation but assume the
position of nature. Any civilized country, such as the United Nations, must recognize
and respect these rights. The legal duty to protect human rights includes the legal
duty to respect them. Members of the United Nations have committed themselves to
promoting respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms.

Human rights are essential for the all-round development of an individual's

personality in society and must be preserved, cherished, and defended if peace and
prosperity are to be achieved. To maintain human dignity, it is necessary to protect
the rights of individuals against unjust and degrading treatment by governments.
There are several states where fundamental standards of human behaviour are not
observed, and the consciousness of human beings about their rights has
necessitated protection by the States.

Contemporary international law has recognized human dignity and honor,

and it has been realized that the international protection of the individual against the
state should no longer be entrusted to the State as their guardian in Litem. This is
evident in various conventions adopted under the auspices of the United Nations
organization in the last six decades.

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 States are conscious of the rights of human beings and have made regional
arrangements through conventions. National levels also take measures to protect the
rights of individuals by incorporating provisions relating to them in their Constitutions.
Non-governmental organizations on national, regional, and international levels are
devoted to bringing cases of violations of human rights into the limelight and finding
ways to prevent their occurrence.

There is a widespread acceptance of the importance of human rights in the

international structure because it has legal, moral, and political bearings. Human
rights are legal because they involve the implementation of rights and obligations
sectioned in international relations, moral because they are a value-based system to
preserve human dignity, and political in the larger sense of the word. However, there
is a confusion prevailing as to the precise nature and scope of human rights
protection and the mode of International Law.

The idea that the individual has rights; claims upon society, or against society:
that these rights which society must recognize, on which it is obliged to act, are
intrinsic to human rights. The human rights are inalienable. “Human person
possesses rights because of the very fact that it is a person, a whole, a Master of
Itself and its acts…. By natural law, the human person has the right to be respected,
is the subject of rights, and possesses rights.

These are things which are owed to a man because of the very fact that he is
a man.” Human rights are the rights that a human being has by whatever
characteristics he has that are both specifically and universally human. If the only
relevant condition for enjoying certain rights is being human, and if this property does
not admit of degrees, there cannot be differences of degree in the extent to which
the rights in question are held this is, all human beings have them to the same
degree.

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 c. Duties and Functions

Human rights are standards that recognize and protect the dignity of all human
beings. Human rights govern how individual human beings live in society and with
each other, as well as their relationship with the State and the obligations that the
State has towards them.

Human rights law obliges governments to do some things and prevents them from
doing others. Individuals also have responsibilities: in using their human rights, they
must respect the rights of others. No government, group or person has the right to do
anything that violates another’s rights.
Universality and inalienability

Human rights are universal and inalienable. All people everywhere in the world are
entitled to them. No one can voluntarily give them up. Nor can others take them
away from him or her.

Duties and the rights

Meaning of Duty
Duty is anything we are bound to do or omit.
Duty is a moral obligation incumbent upon a person to do. Omit, or avoid something.

Right and Duty are correlative in each person. One who has a right to
something must act consistent with that right. A prevailing error is insisting that other
people respect our rights, while we do very little about our duty to act consistently
with such rights.

Reciprocity of rights and duties

In interpersonal relationships, rights and duties are reciprocal. The right of one
person implies in another the duty to respect that right.

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Kinds of duties
1. Natural Duties – Imposed by natural law.
2. Positive – Imposed by a human positive law.
Affirmative or negative
Affirmative duties are those that require the performance of an act.
Negative duties are those which require the omission of an act.

Exemption from duty

1. Negative duties arising from negative natural law admit no exemption.
2. Affirmative duties arising from affirmative perceptions of natural law admit
exemptions when the act is rendered impossible under certain conditions or
would involve excessive hardship on the person.
3. Ordinary hardship that comes along with the performance of the duty does not
exempt one from complying with such duty.
4. Duties of greater importance take precedence over those of lesser
importance.
5. Duties based on higher law take precedence over those coming from lower
laws.

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 d. Vision, Mission, ETC.

We envision an inclusive society where everyone takes responsibility for

promoting and protecting human rights; where everyone is valued and treated with
equal dignity and respect; and where everyone’s human rights are a lived reality.
We believe that the way to realize this vision is to activate and engage the full range
of our functions and powers under the Ontario Human Rights Code and our
institutional expertise to dismantle the complex, intersecting dynamics, and
conditions that foster and perpetuate systemic discrimination.
Our mission is to promote and enforce human rights, to engage in
relationships that embody the principles of dignity and respect, and to create a
culture of human rights compliance and accountability. We act as a driver for social
change based on principles of substantive equality. We accomplish our mission by
exposing, challenging, and ending entrenched and widespread structures and
systems of discrimination through education, policy development, public inquiries,
and litigation.

Values We believe that lasting and systemic change requires sustained and
courageous action informed by our foundational values.

We commit to embodying the following in all our work and ways of working:

 Respectful, engaged, trusting, and collaborative relationships: We will

engage in respectful, trusting, and collaborative relationships, and put the
lived experience of people at the center of our work.

 Transformative approaches: We will be courageous, persistent, creative,

and innovative in pursuing systemic change and real impact.

 Integrity: We will be principled and independent in advancing and securing

substantive equality.

 Accountability: We will be transparent and accountable to the people of

Ontario both in terms of the pursuit of our mandate and the use of our
resources.

National Democratic Institution Guiding Principles:

Our guiding principles spell out how we translate the values of democracy into
our work with one another and our partners to achieve our mission.
Teamwork: We are committed as individuals and collectively to collaborate
collegially across geographies, expertise, and experiences toward achievement of
our mission.

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Partnership: We place priority on our partners worldwide as the centerpiece of our
global mission and programming, as they are the experts on their own experience.
We are open to working with all civic and political actors that support peaceful
democratic change. Empowering them is the key to democracy and freedom to
prevail.
Quality: We strive individually and collectively for excellence through research-
based innovation and thought leadership, creatively learning and adapting based on
evidence, and respect for the local context.
Responsibility: We are individually and collectively responsible for our behavior,
actions, and the consequences of our actions to each other and to anyone with
whom we interact. We act at all times in ways that promote the security and well-
being of our colleagues as well as those who support or benefit from our work,
adhering to “do no harm” principles.
Integrity: We conduct our work based on the ethics of honesty and openness free
from conflicts of interest and in the service of our mission.
Respect: We respect all political views and act with humility. We treat our
colleagues and all persons with whom we interact with dignity.
NDI is committed to ensuring that diversity, equity, and inclusion are reflected in
all aspects of the Institute’s work, including in the delivery or execution of NDI’s
public-facing events such as panels, webinars, and international delegations.
NDI will seek to proactively secure diversity (for example: racial, ethnic, gender,
disability, etc.) among participants, whether they are speakers, panelists, audience
members, or involved in some other capacity or role.
NDI also will proactively seek to engage and include members of marginalized or
impacted groups whose life experiences would add value to topical discussions so
their voices are included and amplified as part of our work.

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 e. Seal/logo

The Human Rights Logo has its origin in the international

"Logo for Human Rights" initiative, which was started in 2010.
Its goal was to create an internationally recognized
logo to support the global human rights movement.
The winning logo was created by Predrag Skatic from Serbia.

The logo of human rights typically embodies the principles of equality, dignity,
and justice for all individuals. The design often includes symbols and elements that
represent the universality and interconnectedness of human rights. For instance, it
might incorporate imagery like clasped hands, representing solidarity and unity, or a
globe to emphasize the global nature of human rights. Colors can also carry
significance; for example, blue might be used to convey a sense of trust and stability,
while green can represent growth and harmony.
The overall aim of such a seal or logo is to visually communicate the
importance of upholding and protecting the fundamental rights and freedoms of
every person, regardless of their background, ethnicity, gender, or any other
distinguishing factor. The design is intended to evoke a sense of empathy, inclusivity,
and a shared responsibility for safeguarding human rights worldwide.

Predrag Stakic of Serbia, the winner of the “Logo for Human Rights” competition,
said that logo design was one of his greatest passions and that love and hope
motivated him to enter the contest. His design is a mix of two symbols: a bird and a
hand.

Human rights are the greatest human invention in history, Stakic said. “As it
says in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, they are the very foundation for a
future world of freedom, justice, and peace. They are also the ultimate tool for
building such a world and without them, it’s impossible to reach such a level of
human evolution and development of our civilization. If we don’t understand, respect,
protect, and fight for human rights, we don’t deserve to be called human.”

Human rights can only be achieved through an informed and continued

demand by people for their protection. Human rights education promotes values,
beliefs, and attitudes that encourage all individuals to uphold their own rights and
those of others. It develops an understanding of everyone's common
responsibility to make human rights a reality in each community.

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 f. All about CHR

The Commission on Human Rights (CHR) is an independent National Human

Rights Institution (NHRI) created under the 1987 Philippine Constitution, established
on 05 May 1987 by virtue of Executive Order No. 163.
The CHR was created as a response to the atrocities committed during
Martial Law. When the 1987 Philippine Constitution was drafted, Article XIII on Social
Justice and Human Rights clearly defined the creation of the Commission.
“There is hereby created an independent office called The Commission on
Human Rights to investigate, on its own or on complaint by any party, all forms of
human rights violations involving civil and political rights (Sec. 17-18, Art. XIII,
Philippine Constitution).
“I, Corazon C. Aquino, President of the Philippines… do hereby (declare) the
Commission on Human Rights as provided under Article XIII of the 1987 Constitution
to be now in existence (Executive Order No. 163) The 1987 Philippine Constitution
primarily gave CHR the mandate to protect and promote the rights and dignity of
every human being in the country. The State values the dignity of every human
person and guarantees full respect for human rights.
(Sec. 11, Art. II, Philippine Constitution)
The Congress shall give the highest priority to the enactment of measures
that protect and enhance the right of all the people to human dignity, reduce social,
economic, and political inequalities, and remove cultural inequalities by equitably
diffusing wealth and political power for the common good.
(Sec. 1, Art. XIII, Philippine Constitution)

VISION A just and humane Philippine society of persons equal in opportunity, living a
life of dignity, and forever vigilant against abuses and oppression
MISSION As the conscience of government and the people, we seek truth in human
rights issues. As a beacon of truth, we make people aware of their rights, and guide
government and society towards actions that respect the rights of all, particularly
those who cannot defend themselves — the disadvantaged, marginalized, and
vulnerable.
GOAL STATEMENT To be the prime mover in strengthening respect, understanding,
and practice of human rights as the essential cornerstone of peace, unity, and
nation-building
MANTRA CHR: Dignity of all

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II. CHR Organization and Structure

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III. Programs of CHR

For 2017 – 2018, the priority programs, activities, and projects (PAPs) of the
Commission are based on the mandates provided by the Philippine Constitution as
well as other powers and functions stipulated in new human rights laws, such as the
Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006; Anti-Torture Act of 2009; Magna Carta of
Women Act of 2009; International Humanitarian Law of 2009; Anti-Enforced
Disappearance Law of 2012; and, Human Rights Violations Victims Reparation and
Recognition Act of 2013.

Relatively, the United Nations (UN) Declaration on Human Rights Education

and Training, as well as Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) or Memorandum of
Understanding (MOU) on Education and Training, Presidential Memorandum Orders,
Executive Order 134 on the Observance of the National Humanitarian Law Day, and
RA 9201 on the Observance of the National Human Rights Consciousness Week,
provide for the implementation of the priority PAPs in the Commission.

The Commission’s PAPs on its Operations are categorized according to the major
final outputs (MFOs), namely, Human Rights Protection Services, Human Rights
Promotion Services, and Human Rights Policy Advisory Services.

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 Human Rights Protection
Services

 Activity 1: Investigation of human rights violations and

case management (documentation of complaints,
fact-finding missions, multi-sectoral quick reaction
team, public hearings/inquiries, resolution of cases,
filing and monitoring of cases, alternative dispute
resolution)
 Activity 2: Legal aid and counselling, representation,
and paralegal services to victims/complainants
particularly vulnerable/disadvantaged groups, e.g.
abused children especially those in conflict with the
law and in armed conflict; persons deprived of liberty
(prisoners/detainees); indigenous peoples, internally
displaced persons, persons with disabilities; and other
human rights victims
 Activity 3: Preventive monitoring of torture and other Peace
human rights violations in jails/detention centers and Rule
 Activity 4: Provision of financial assistance and other of Law
forms of assistance to victims and their families and
witnesses
 Activity 5: Provision of independent forensic services
 Activity 6: Issuance of human rights certifications/
clearance
 Activity 7: Adjudication of violations of gender and
development

 Conduct special procedures in the determination of

violations and the corresponding remedies
 Review and appeals of decided cases
 Monitoring of case status of resolved MCW
complaints referred to other agencies for
implementation.

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 Human Rights Promotion
Services

 Activity 1: Provision of technical services on

human rights education to the government
particularly the law enforcement and security
intelligence (LESI) agencies, academe, civil
service, and local governments
 Activity 2: Continuing development of client-
based human rights education and training
programs and modules/teaching aids learners’
aids/kits, and curricula
 Activity 3: Delivery of human rights education
and training services to priority sectors
 Activity 4: Popularization of international human
rights treaties and national implementation laws Good
such as: Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of Governan
2006, International Humanitarian Law of 2009; ce And
Anti-Torture Act of 2009; Magna Carta of Peace and
Women Act of 2009; Anti-Enforced Rule of
Disappearance Act of 2012; and Human Rights Law
Victims Reparation and Recognition Act of 2013.
 Activity 5: Celebration of human rights milestone
events/declarations and other human rights
related mandatory celebrations
 Activity 6: Conduct of human rights information
dissemination activities
 Activity 7: Building nationwide human rights
information and education infrastructures and
partnerships with the CSOs, NGOs, media,
academe, youth, peoples’ organizations and
business sectors.
 Activity 8: Development and production of multi-
mediated information and education materials
on human rights.

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 Human Rights Policy Advisory
Services

 Activity 1: Conduct of human rights policy

studies and research
 Activity 2: Development and issuance of
human rights advisories to the
government
 Activity 3: Formulation and issuance of
comments, positions, stand on bills, laws,
and local ordinances including drafting of
proposed human rights policies/laws.
Good
 Activity 4: Formulation and issuance of
Governance
human rights measures such as rules of
And Peace
procedures, guidelines, and other human
and Rule of
rights mechanisms to implement human
Law
rights laws and policies, such as Gender
and Development; and Anti-Enforced
Disappearance
 Activity 5: Monitoring and reporting of
government compliance with all its human
rights treaty obligations including
preparation of human rights situation
reports and independent reporting to UN
human rights bodies.

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Furthermore, the PAPs under General Administration and Support as well as Support
to Operations are likewise presented as follows:

General Administration and Support

 Activity 1: Instituting organizational reforms covering structure,

management, and internal processes
 Activity 2: Personnel administration and human resource
development and employee welfare benefits
 Activity 3: Financial management and resource generation
 Activity 4: Procurement and maintenance of physical facilities
and provision of general services

Support to Operations

 Activity 1: Planning and policy formulation

 Activity 2: Monitoring and evaluation
 Activity 3: Policy research and development
 Activity 4: Statistical services
 Activity 5: Information systems development
 Activity 6: Management systems development
 Activity 7: Issuance of human rights certification/clearance
 Activity 8: Management of cooperation programs and projects

Additionally, there are specialized, and thematic Human Rights Program consists of
the following specialty centers:
 Child Rights Center – This center serves as the focal point of coordination and
facilitation of CHR functions, programs, and activities relating to child rights.
 Center for Gender Equality and Women’s Human Rights – The Center serves as
the central point of coordination for the implementation of the CHR’s role as Gender
Ombud.
 Center for Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights – The Center shall serve as the
focal point for all programs, activities, and, projects of the CHR about business and
human rights and the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
 Center for Crisis, Conflict, and Humanitarian Rights – The Center shall serve as the
Secretariat to coordinate the implementation of mechanisms to protect people who
are affected by crisis and conflict brought by armed conflicts, disasters, and
emergency situations.

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 IV. Problem Situation

3 Problems being encountered by the CHR

1. Limited Resources: The CHR grapples with the formidable challenge of

operating within stringent resource constraints. Financial limitations and
understaffing undermine the Commission's capacity to conduct timely and
comprehensive investigations into human rights violations. This scarcity
not only slows response times but also impedes the CHR's ability to
extend its reach to remote or marginalized communities, where human
rights violations may be prevalent. The lack of adequate resources
restricts the Commission's effectiveness in fulfilling its crucial mandate,
highlighting the urgent need for increased funding and support to empower
the CHR in safeguarding and promoting human rights across diverse and
often underserved contexts.

2. Political Pressures and Interference: Political forces cast a shadow over

the CHR's independence, posing a significant hurdle. Governments and
influential figures wield influence, potentially compromising the impartiality
of investigations. This interference injects a challenging dynamic into the
CHR's pursuit of justice, particularly in cases involving sensitive human
rights issues. Safeguarding the Commission's autonomy is paramount to
ensuring effective and unbiased responses to human rights violations,
necessitating vigilant efforts to counteract undue political pressures.

3. Public Awareness and Engagement: The CHR faces a critical obstacle

in fostering public awareness and engagement on human rights issues. A
widespread lack of understanding regarding human rights concepts and
the CHR's role hinders efforts to mobilize support. The Commission strives
to instigate a cultural shift towards human rights and respect through
education and outreach. However, the challenge lies in overcoming this
informational gap, as an informed citizenry is crucial for the CHR's
success. Comprehensive public awareness campaigns are imperative to
bridge this divide, creating a society where human rights are not only
protected but deeply ingrained in the collective consciousness, fostering
active citizen participation in the protection of fundamental freedoms.

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V. Recommendation

Part I.
Jimboy Urbina Daway Jr.

The Commission on Human Rights (CHR) was facing three critical

challenges. Firstly, limited resources hinder its ability to conduct thorough
investigations into human rights violations, particularly in remote or
marginalized communities. Secondly, political pressures compromise the
CHR's independence, with governments and influential figures potentially
influencing investigations. Lastly, there's a significant obstacle in fostering
public awareness and engagement on human rights issues.
The lack of understanding of human rights concepts and the CHR's
role impedes or delays efforts to mobilize support. Overcoming these
challenges requires increased funding, safeguarding independence as well
and comprehensive public awareness campaigns to create a society where
human rights are deeply ingrained or established and actively supported by
the citizens.

Allan Anthony D. Palmes

Recommendations for a Commission on Human Rights (CHR)
often focus on strengthening its effectiveness, promoting transparency, and
ensuring that it can effectively fulfill its mandate of protecting and promoting
human rights. Here are some general recommendations:
1. Independence and Autonomy: - Ensure that the CHR operates
independently from political influence, allowing it to impartially address human
rights issues without external pressures.
2. Adequate Resources: - Provide sufficient financial and human resources to
the CHR to enable it to carry out its functions effectively, including
investigations, monitoring, and advocacy.
3. Public Awareness and Education: - Implement programs to raise public
awareness about human rights and the role of the CHR. Education and
outreach initiatives can empower citizens to understand and defend their
rights.
4. Collaboration with Civil Society: - Foster strong partnerships with civil
society organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and other

19
human rights advocates to leverage collective efforts in promoting and
protecting human rights.
5. Responsive Mechanisms for Complaints: - Establish and promote
accessible mechanisms for individuals to file complaints regarding human
rights violations. Ensure that the CHR has the capacity to investigate and
address these complaints promptly.
6. Capacity Building: - Invest in the continuous training and capacity building
of CHR staff to stay informed about evolving human rights issues,
international standards, and best practices.

Richter Paul R. Balaba

This term paper explores the multifaceted challenges faced by the

Commission on Human Rights (CHR) in effectively safeguarding and
promoting human rights. It delves into the constraints imposed by limited
resources, the impact of political pressures on the CHR's independence, and
the imperative need for enhanced public awareness and engagement. The
paper investigates the interconnected nature of these challenges and
proposes strategic solutions to empower the CHR in its vital mandate.
The term paper adeptly dissects the hurdles confronting the
Commission on Human Rights (CHR), spanning resource constraints, political
interference, and the urgency of bolstering public awareness. To fortify CHR's
mandate, fostering strategic solutions is pivotal. Recommending a meticulous
resource allocation plan, advocating for legislative safeguards against undue
political influence, and implementing targeted public outreach initiatives can
collectively amplify the CHR's efficacy. By addressing these multifaceted
challenges cohesively, the CHR stands poised to better safeguard and
promote human rights, navigating the intricate landscape it navigates.

Part II. Intervention Program.

THE RIGHTS OF ALL

Problem: The Commission on Human Rights (CHR) in the Philippines faces

challenges such as limited resources, political pressures, and a lack of public
awareness, hindering its effectiveness in addressing human rights violations.
Goals:
1. Increase CHR's resources to enhance its investigative capabilities.
2. Safeguard CHR's political independence to ensure impartial investigations.
3. Boost public awareness and engagement on human rights issues.

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Program or Goal Responsible Aim Outcome
Activity
Resource Increase CHR’s CHR, External Improved
Strengthening resources for Fundraising funding for
campaign investigations Partners CHR, enabling
timely
investigations
Political Safeguard Diplomatic CHR maintains
Independence CHR’s Outreach Team, autonomy
Assurance Impartiality CHR leadership despite
political
pressures
Human Rights Enhance public Ministry of Increased
Education awareness of Education, CHR public
Program human rights Outreach Team understanding
of and support
for CHR
Community Expand CHR’s CHR, Local Strengthened
Partnership reach through NGO’s collaboration,
Initiative local alliances Community reaching
Leaders marginalized
areas

21
IV Pictures

Planning for the next

step of research as well
Reflection as assigning each one
of us for individual task.

Checking the
research paper to
be sure if it is
correct.

Searching the
references of the
already done task to
check whether all the
references are correct
or not.

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VII Reflection

In studying Human rights it’s better to know the beginning of this research
especially in the ancient Cyrus Cylinder, dating back to the 6th Century BCE, which
embodies early human rights. Its principles resonate in modern times, influencing
milestones like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), and creating a
timeless pursuit of justice. This passage delves into the foundational principles of
human rights, emphasizing the inherent dignity of every individual. It traces the
evolution from ancient recognition to contemporary international law, underscoring
the legal, moral, and political dimensions of human rights.

The concept of human rights, rooted in the acknowledgment of fundamental

worth, extends to universal principles such as the right to life, a fair trial, and freedom
from discrimination. The inalienable nature of these rights, irrespective of
background or belief, forms the bedrock of their universality. Examining duties and
functions, the reciprocal relationship between rights and duties becomes apparent.
Governments are obligated to uphold and protect human rights, while individuals
must respect the rights of others. The universality and inalienability of human rights
emphasize their non-negotiable nature.

Duties are explored through natural and positive law, distinguishing between
affirmative and negative duties. The passage addresses exemptions, prioritization
based on importance, and the precedence of higher laws. It underscores the
interconnectedness of rights and duties, reinforcing the notion that respecting one's
rights involves fulfilling corresponding duties. So that’s why the mission and vision of
the human rights organization is to dismantle systemic discrimination resonating with
principles of respect, courage, and accountability. The commitment to democracy,
teamwork, and proactive diversity inclusion reflects a holistic approach, aligning
values with impactful actions for lasting societal change.

The Commission's 2017–2018 agenda, rooted in constitutional mandates and

human rights laws, showcases a commitment to diverse areas such as juvenile
justice, anti-torture, and women's rights. This comprehensive approach extends to
international agreements and national directives, emphasizing human rights
education and observance events. Categorized into Human Rights Protection,
Promotion, and Policy Advisory Services, the priority programs align with a holistic
vision, ensuring a multifaceted impact on human rights awareness and enforcement.

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Lastly, based on our CHR grapple with three formidable challenges: limited
resources hampering investigations in remote areas, political pressures jeopardizing
independence, and a crucial need for public awareness. Resource constraints
impede effectiveness, political interference threatens impartiality, and an awareness
gap inhibits citizen engagement. Addressing these issues is pivotal for CHR's
success in safeguarding human rights.

The CHR confronts resource limitations hindering investigations, political pressures

compromising independence, and a crucial need for public awareness. Overcoming
these challenges is pivotal for effective human rights safeguarding. Constrained by
limited resources and political pressures, the CHR faces a critical imperative to raise
public awareness. Overcoming these challenges is vital for its effective role in human
rights protection.

24
 VIII References

https://www.youthforhumanrights.org/what-are-human-rights/background-of-human-
rights.html
https://www.humanrights.com/course/lesson/background-of-human-rights/the-
background-of-human-rights.html
Human rights
https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/education/introduction-human-rights
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights#Human_Rights_Treaties\
https://ddceutkal.ac.in/Syllabus/MSW/Paper-24.pdf
https://www.ohrc.on.ca/en/ontario-human-rights-commission-strategic-plan-2017-
%E2%80%93-2022/role-strategic-plan
https://www.ndi.org/mission
https://www.ohchr.org/en/resources/educators/human-rights-education-training
https://chr.gov.ph/about-chr/
https://chr.gov.ph/chr-organizational-structure
https://chr.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/CHR-PAPS-2017-2018.pdf /
https://chr.gov.ph/?
fbclid=IwAR3FDo4I7doqRdiKsPYsAYyf4zjjjCbtrnpfK_JJWqUZiwRaaUY2z8uan88
Human Rights Education and Training
https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/human-rights#:~:text=Human%20rights%20are
%20rights%20inherent,and%20education%2C%20and%20many%20more
https://ddceutkal.ac.in/Syllabus/MSW/Paper-24.pdf..
https://www.google.com/search?q=Seal+/
+logo+of+human+rights&tbm=isch&hl=en&chips=q:seal+logo+of+human+rights,onli
ne_chips:symbol:VuZvCVW4a-g%3D,online_chips:png:lqTqPTt_-9w
%3D&rlz=1C1ONGR_enPH1018PH1018&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjsq8HApoaDAxVap
VYBHd2ZCPcQ4lYoBHoECAEQOQ&biw=1349&bih=619#imgrc=n4xLDg33p1V_IM

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