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Basic Math Review

Decimal Numbers Percents to Decimals and Scientific Notation (continued) Measurements Geometry Geometry (continued)
Decimals to Percents U.S. Measurement Units The perimeter of a geometric figure is the distance around it
The numbers after the decimal point represent fractions with MULTIPLYING AND DIVIDING IN SCIENTIFIC NOTATION or the sum of the lengths of its sides. PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM
denominators that are powers of 10. The decimal point sep- To change a number from a percent to a decimal, divide by in. = inch oz = ounce
100 and drop the percent sign: To multiply or divide numbers in scientific notation, we can The perimeter of a rectangle is 2 times the length plus 2 In any right triangle, if a and b are the lengths of the legs
arates the whole number part from the fractional part. change the order and grouping, so that we multiply or divide ft = foot c = cup and c is the length of the hypotenuse, then
9 58% = 58/100 = 0.58. times the width:
For example, 0.9 represents 10 . first the decimal parts and then the powers of 10. For example, min = minute mi = mile a2 + b2 = c2.
To change a number from a decimal to a percent, multiply 13.7 * 10-32 # 12.5 * 1082 sec = second hr = hour L
Place Value Chart by 100 and add the percent sign: = 13.7 * 2.52 # 110-3 * 1082 gal = gallon lb = pound W
0.73 = .73 * 100 = 73%. = 9.25 * 105. c

nth dths
yd = yard qt = quart
tho usan nds

a
s

mi housa ths
mi llion

hu sand s

hun thou dths

d
hun milli ons

ten usan ths

tho usa

n
d
s

s
ten s

pt = pint T = ton P = 2L + 2W
dre ons

dre san
re ns

red

hu ths
ten d mi

ten tho

tho dred
lli

ten s
s
o

llio
nd
hu billi

on
u

dt
b
d

Statistics The perimeter of a square is 4 times the length of a side:

n

Simple Interest Metric Units

nd

93 276049 85 3 268 94 Given the principal (amount of money to be borrowed or There are several ways to study a list of data. mm = millimeter s CIRCLES
invested), interest rate, and length of time, the amount of Mean, or average, is the sum of all the data values divided by cm = centimeter
Whole numbers Decimals interest can be found using the formula the number of values. s Area: A = p # r2
km = kilometer Circumference: C = p # d = 2 # p # r
I = p#r#t Median is the number that separates the list of data into two
m = meter
I = interest 1dollar amount2 P = 4s
ADDING AND SUBTRACTING DECIMAL NUMBERS equal parts. To find the median, list the data in order from where d is the diameter, r is the radius, or half the diameter,
where smallest to largest. If the number of data is odd, the median is mL = milliliter
To add or subtract decimal numbers, line up the numbers so and p is approximately 3.14 or 22 7.
p = principal the middle number. If the number of data is even, the median cL = centiliter Area is always expressed in square units, since it is two-
that the decimal points are aligned. Then add or subtract as is the average of the two middle numbers.
r = percentage rate of interest L = liter dimensional.
usual, keeping the decimal point in the same place.
t = time period. Mode is the number in the list that occurs the most fre- The formula for area of a rectangle is
For example, 23 - 0.37 = 23.00 kL = kiloliter
quently. There can be more than one mode. A = L # W. d
 0.37 For example, find the amount of simple interest on a $3800
For example, consider the following list of test scores:
mg = milligram
loan at an annual rate of 5.5% for 5 years: cg = centigram The formula for area of a square is
 22.63 {87, 56, 69, 87, 93, 82} r
p = $3800 g = gram A = s # s or A = s2.
MULTIPLYING AND DIVIDING DECIMAL NUMBERS r = 5.5% = 0.055 To find the mean, first add:
kg = kilogram The area of a triangle is one-half the product of the height
To multiply decimal numbers, multiply them as though they t = 5 years 87 + 56 + 69 + 87 + 93 + 82 = 474. and base: A circle has an angle of 360 degrees.
were whole numbers. The number of decimal places in the I = 13800210.0552152 = 1045. Then divide by 6: U.S. AND METRIC CONVERSIONS A straight line has an angle of 180 degrees.
product is the sum of the number of decimal places in the
factors. For example, 3.72 * 4.5 is The amount of interest is $1045. 474 U.S.
= 79.
2 decimal places 6 12 in. = 1 ft 3 ft = 1 yd h
3.72 1 decimal place
The mean score is 79. 1760 yd = 1 mi 5280 ft = 1 mi Algebraic Terms
 4.5 Scientific Notation To find the median, first list the data in order: 2 c = 1 pt 1 c = 8 oz b Variable: A variable is a letter that represents a number
16.740 Scientific notation is a convenient way to express very large 56, 69, 82, 87, 87, 93. 4 qt = 1 gal 2 pt = 1 qt because the number is unknown or because it can change.
1 #
3 decimal places or very small numbers. A number in this form is written as 2000 lb = 1 T 16 oz = 1 lb A = b h For example, the number of days until your vacation
Since there is an even number of data, we take the average 2 changes every day, so it could be represented by a
a * 10n, where 1 … ƒ a ƒ 6 10 and n is an integer. For of 82 and 87: variable, x.
To divide decimal numbers, first make sure the divisor is a example, 3.62 * 105 and - 1.2 * 10-4 are expressed 82 + 87 169
Metric The sum of all three angles in any triangle always equals
in scientific notation. = 84.5. 180 degrees. Constant: A constant is a term that does not change. For
whole number. If it is not, move the decimal place to the right 2
=
2 1000 mm = 1 m 100 cm = 1 m example, the number of days in the week, 7, does not
(multiply by 10, 100, and so on) to make it a whole number. To change a number from scientific notation to a number
The median score is 84.5. 1000 m = 1 km 100 cL = 1 L change, so it is a constant.
Then move the decimal point the same number of places in without exponents, look at the power of ten. If that number is x
the dividend. positive, move the decimal point to the right. If it is negative, The mode is 87, since this number appears twice and each 1000 mL = 1 L 100 cg = 1 g z Expression: An algebraic expression consists of constants,
move the decimal point to the left. The number tells you how of the other numbers appears only once. 1000 mg = 1 g 1000 g = 1 kg y variables, numerals and at least one operation. For example,
For example,
many places to move the decimal point. x + 7 is an expression.
0.42 , 1.2 = 4.2 , 12 0.001 m = 1 mm 0.01 m = 1 cm
x° + y° + z° = 180° Equation: An equation is basically a mathematical sentence
For example, 0.001 g = 1 mg 0.01 g = 1 cg
0.35 indicating that two expressions are equal. For example,
 12 4.20 . 3.97 * 103 = 3970. Distance Formula 0.001 L = 1 mL 0.01 L = 1 cL
A right triangle is a triangle with a 90° (right) angle. The
x + 7 = 18 is an equation.
hypotenuse of a right triangle is the side opposite the right
To change a number to scientific notation, move the deci- Given the rate at which you are traveling and the length of angle. Solution: A number that makes an equation true is a
The decimal point in the answer is placed directly above the time you will be traveling, the distance can be found by
mal point so it is to the right of the first nonzero digit. If the solution to that equation. For example, in using the above
new decimal point in the dividend. using the formula
decimal point is moved n places to the left and this makes equation, x + 7 = 18, we know that the statement is true
the number smaller, n is positive; otherwise, n is negative. If d = r#t if x = 11.
the decimal point is not moved, n is 0. hypotenuse
where d = distance
For example, 0.0000216 = 2.16 * 10-5. r = rate
t = time 90°
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