Ecology Review Questions 5.

As a closed system, Earth involves the one-way flow of _________ and the
cyclical recycling of _________.
Use the following information to answer the next question. A. organic, inorganic
B. matter, energy
Through the process of homeostasis, an organism maintains its
C. inorganic, organic
internal conditions within certain limits in spite of changing external
D. energy, matter
conditions.
1. Which term refers to individual components (parts) of an ecosystem changing, 6. A majority of Earth’s energy is derived from the sun and is stored in:
while the composition (makeup) of the system stays the same? A. water
A. biodiversity B. plants
B. dynamic equilibrium C. fossil fuels
C. competition D. all of the above
D. balance
Use the following information to answer the next question.
2. Three distinct zones that contain living organisms within a narrow band around the
At-Risk-Species
Earth is called the: 1
Hunting, disease, the introduction of dogs and human encroachment all contributed to
A. atmosphere
the demise of the tasmanian tiger.
B. geosphere 2 Western toads are losing their habitat to agriculture.
C. biosphere
34
Burrowing owls are no longer found in Manitoba, but Alberta has 600 pairs.
D. lithosphere
Wood bison numbers are small, and recently tuberculosis has become a problem.
3. In southern Alberta, herds of pronghorn drink large amounts of water, breathe even
NUMERICAL RESPONSE
larger amounts of air, and roam in hundreds of hectares of soil throughout the four
2. Correspond the at-risk-species to the term for their degree of risk.
seasons. This is an example of:
A. a biotic factor affecting abiotic factors 3
2
______________, I
____________, ____________, 4
_____________
B. an abiotic factor affecting biotic factors
special concern extinct extirpated endangered
C. a biotic factor affecting biotic factors
D. an abiotic factor affecting abiotic factors
7. In __________ ecosystems, tadpoles are __________ that consume _________.
4. Which organisms link the abiotic to the biotic by releasing organic matter needed
A. terrestrial, carnivores, insect larvae
for metabolism?
B. aquatic, omnivores, dead plants and animals
A. consumers
C. terrestrial, detrivores, minnows
B. producers
D. aquatic, herbivores, algae
C. decomposers
D. omnivores
Use the following information for the next question.
Use the following information to answer the next question.
In 1977, Harvard graduate student Colleen Cavanaugh proposed that bacteria
Levels of Organization could use H2S near deep-sea hydrothermal vents as a source of energy.
I Herd of mountain goats.
2 A Banff Springs snail.
Cavanaugh later managed to confirm that this was indeed the method by
3 Lichen-covered boulder in an
which the worms could thrive, and is generally credited with the discovery of
avalanche path. this process.
Peregrine
for
falcon hunting for mice. 8. The process that Cavanaugh is credited with discovering is called:
4. Falcon hunting mice

NUMERICAL RESPONSE A. photosynthesis

1. Correspond the level of organization with the correct term. B. respiration
C. decomposition
4
______________, I
____________, 2
____________, 3
_____________
D. chemosynthesis
community population organism ecosystem
 Use this information for the next question. Use the following information for the next question.
I zooplankton
2 penguin Equation I: CO2 + H2O + energy → C6H12O6 + O2
phytoplankton
& small fish
Equation II: C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + energy
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11. The energy produced in Equation II comes from
3. Order the organisms from the lowest to the highest trophic level.
A. glucose broken down by cellular respiration
B. energy in carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration
3 _____,
____, 1 42
_____, _____.
C. glucose broken down by photosynthesis
D. energy from sunlight transformed by cellular respiration
Use this information for the next question. 12. Ecological pyramids are scientific models that study
I photosynthesis A. energy transfers
2 cellular respiration B. number changes
3 chemosynthesis C. biomass increases
D. model variations
NUMERICAL RESPONSE 13. A typical garden supports several different organisms. In a pyramid of
4. Which process will each of these organisms use to metabolize energy? numbers, the greatest number to the smallest number of organisms is:
2 A. flowering plants, aphids, ladybugs, robins
____ 3
_____ 2
_____ _____
I
B. robins, flowering plants, lady bugs, aphids
fungus deep sea bacteria mouse oak tree C. aphids, ladybugs, flowering plants, robins
D. ladybugs, robins, aphids, flowering plants
10. According to the second law of thermodynamics: 14. An inverted pyramid can exist in the following ecological pyramids:
A. energy is transformed A. Pyramid of number and pyramid of energy
B. total amount of energy is constant B. Pyramid of biomass and pyramid of energy
C. energy is converted mainly into heat C. Pyramid of number and pyramid of biomass
D. excess energy is stored D. All pyramids

Use the following diagram for the next 2 questions.

Use the following information for the next question.
1 peregrine falcon
grasshopper
: English sparrow
Purple cornflower

NUMERICAL RESPONSE

5. Correspond the organism to the appropriate term.

2
__________, I
__________, 3
__________, 4
__________. 15. Which correctly identifies the tropic level of the red fox in the web?
primary tertiary secondary producer
consumer consumer consumer A. Tertiary consumer 3rd tropic level
B. Secondary consumer 3rd tropic level
C. Secondary consumer 2nd tropic level
D. Primary consumer 2nd tropic level
16. If there are 6000KJ of energy in the berries, how much energy is will be 21. Which of the following is true of the carbon cycle?
transferred to the owl? A. plants give off O2 at night when they are not photosynthesizing
A. 4860 KJ B. the greenhouse effect is enhanced by combustion
B. 600KJ C. animals return O2 to the atmosphere through photosynthesis
C. 60KJ D. decay of organic matter returns CaCO3 to the atmosphere
D. 1200Kj
Use the following information for the next question.
17. The hydrologic cycle involves the movement of water through the biosphere.
Plants, especially broad leaf trees, recycle water through: ammonification
I
A. condensation on the soil surface nitrogen fixation
B. transpiration under the leaves
C. active transportation in the roots
D. perspiration around the stems
:nitrification
assimilation
5denitrification

Use the following information for the next question. 22. Which process above produces nitrates necessary for plants?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 2 and 3
D. 1 and 2

Use the following information for the next 2 questions.

18. Which number(s) in the diagram above represent cellular respiration?

A. 2
B. 4
C. 2 and 4
D. 2, 4 and 8

19. The complementary processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are

important in maintaining balance in the carbon and oxygen cycles. Which process
releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere?
A. cellular respiration 23. Process G is performed by ___________ bacteria, which respire ____________.
B. photosynthesis A. nitrifying, anaerobically
C. combustion B. denitrifying, aerobically
D. both a and c C. denitrifying, anaerobically
D. nitrogen fixing, anaerobically
20. As a storage area, the greatest reservoir of organic carbon occurs in:
A. limestone cliffs 24. Which process in the diagram represents assimilation?
B. calcium carbonate shells A. B
C. the bodies of living and dead organisms B. C
D. large ocean bodies C. D
D. E
 25. Which process transfers phosphates from rocks on land into the oceans 29. The biome that covers the greatest amount of area in Canada is the
A. weathering and erosion A. tundra
B. leaching B. taiga/boreal forest
C. assimilation C. grassland
D. decomposition D. temperate deciduous forest

26. Run off into nearby lakes may cause algal blooms that thrive in nitrate and 30. An organism that is characteristic of the water quality of a particular ecosystem
phosphate rich water, resulting in eutrophication. Algal blooms are a problem is called a(n) __________ species.
because they A. marker
A. decrease the amount of O2 in the water. B. counter
B. increase the temperature in the water. C. indicator
C. decrease the amount of sunlight reaching other producers. D. characteristic
D. all of the above
31. A transition area between ecosystems with characteristically high biodiversity is
Use the following information for the next question. called a(n) ___________
A. ecological niche
1. rich layer of undergrowth as well as canopy; black bear, deer, woodpecker habitat B. ecotone
2. short growing season, rapid-flowering plants, mosses, lichens; caribou, ptarmigan, habitat C. grassland
3. fescue grasses with trees along rivers and streams; grasshoppers, bison, wolves, hawks habitat D. muskeg
4. evergreen, spruce, pine trees; squirrels, deer, owls, pine martens, seed-eating birds
32. Since temperature range and length of growing season are similar in grassland
NUMERICAL RESPONSE
and deciduous forest biomes, which of the following major factors most likely
6. Match the following terms with their description above.
determines the type of plant communities that will grow in a specific area?
2
_____ 4
_____ 3
_____ 1
_____ A. soil type
tundra taiga/boreal forest grasslands temperate deciduous forest B. amount of sunlight
C. amount of available moisture
Use the following information for the next question. D. the types of animals inhabiting the area

1. rich fertile soil with 25 to 100 cm of precipitation per year 33. Select the response that correctly orders the layers of soil from surface to deepest.
2. higher temperature and sunlight with up to 200 cm of precipitation per A. bedrock, subsoil, topsoil, litter
year B. topsoil, litter, subsoil, bedrock
3. permafrost and very low precipitation each year 4. ? C. litter, bedrock, subsoil, topsoil
4. acidic soil containing some water and 45 or more cm of precipitation per D. litter, topsoil, subsoil, bedrock
NUMERICAL
year RESPONSE
7. Match each biome with the correct factors above. 34. A lake that is shallow, warm and has an excellent supply of nutrients is called a(n)
_____
3 _____ _____
I 2
_____ A. watershed
tundra taiga/boreal forest grasslands temperate deciduous forest B. ecotone
C. eutrophic lake
27. The greatest BOD (biological oxygen demand) will occur in a water sample when D. oligotrophic lake
there is
A. a high concentration of organic pollution and a low temperature 35. Which of the following abiotic factors affect only aquatic ecosystems?
B. a high concentration of organic pollution and a high temperature A. sunlight
C. a low concentration of organic pollution and a low temperature B. temperature
D. a low concentration of organic pollution and a high temperature C. water pressure
D. chemical environment
28. The Canadian biome with the greatest biodiversity is the
A. tundra 36. In a lake ecosystem, the zone that is most biologically productive is called the
B. taiga/boreal forest A. profundal zone C. limnetic zone
C. grassland B. littoral zone D. aquatic zone
D. temperate deciduous forest