Name Abualqasim karam abualqasim

Id 221101164
Faculty of Applied Health Sciences
Program Technology medical laboratories
Course code MLT311

Under the supervision of Dr Adel A. Elazab Elged

Assignment
Albumin/globulin ratio
Define albumin/globulin ratio

The albumin/globulin ratio (A/G ratio for short) is a test that compares
the concentrations of albumin and globulin in the blood
This test is useful when your healthcare provider suspects you have
.liver or kidney disease
Albumin and globulin are proteins that are naturally found in the
serum, the lIquid part of your blood that doesn’t includeincludee blood
cells or clotting components
Overview of Serum Proteins
.Albumin is the most common protein found In the bloodstream
Its main function is to maintain osmotic pressure, the mechanism that
prevents fluids from leaking out of the blood vessels and into
surrounding tissues
Albumin binds many analytes for transport In blood, including
unconjugated bilirubin, steroids, ions such as calcium and magnesium,
.fatty acids, and drugs
Globulins are a class of proteins found In the blood whichh come in
several forms. Alpha and beta globulins act as transporters and can
inhibit some enzymes. Gamma globulins, the Immunoglobulins, act as
antibodies. They bind to pathogens like viruses and play a vital role In
the immune system
Both albumin and globulin are primarily made In the liver, although
.some types of globulin are created by whIte blood cells
A/G Ratio = Albumin in g/dL / (Total Protein in g/dL – Albumin in g/dL)

Normal Values in serum

 Total Protein : 6.7 to 8.6 g/dL

 Albumin : 3.5 to 5.5 g/dL
 Globulin : 2.0 to 3.5 g/dL
 Albumin/Globulin (A/G) Ratio: 1.1 to 2.5
high ratio is usually clinically insignificant
If you’re albumin levels were low, it might be caused by:
• Liver disease, including cirrhosis
• Kidney disease
• Malnutrition
• Thyroid disease
If your albumin levels were high, It might be caused by:
• Severe dehydration
• Diarrhoea
If your Globulin levels were low, It might be caused by:
• Liver disease
• Kidney disease
If your Globulin levels are high, It might be caused by:
• Multiple myeloma, Hodgkin's disease, and leukemia are a
few examples of blood malignancies.
• Haemolytic anaemia
• A condition that Is autoimmune in nature, such as lupus or
rheumatoid arthritis
• Tuberculosis
Thank you