Food Technology

Aboriginal cultural influences on food selection

- Totems are used to represent cultural beliefs and act as a guide for the child as they
grow and mature
- This impacts food selection as the carrier of the totem is unable to eat such food
(kangaroo, emu, owl)

Religious influences
- Muslim = halal
- Jewish = kosher
- Hinduism = no beef

Diet-related disorders
Definition: an illness within the body that affects the diet and is nutrient-related
- Eating disorders are serious conditions related to persistent eating behaviors that
negatively impact your health, your emotions and your ability to function in important
areas of life.
Coronary heart disease:
- affects the major blood cells
- alcohol use is kept to a minimum with regular exercise throughout the week and each
meal must be high in nutritional value
Bulimia Nervosa:
- a disorder where a meal is eaten and then purged out due to the fear of being
overweight.
Purging:
- Similar to vomiting where the food that has been eaten goes back out of the body.
Anorexia Nervosa:
- A person obsesses about the way that their body looks which causes them to eat a
malnourished diet.

Vegan diet
Pros:
- Lowers cholesterol: plant-based products reduce the body’s absorption of cholesterol.
Cholesterol = reduced blood flow, increase risk of heart attack due to lipid build-up.
- Lowers risk of colon cancer and cardiovascular disease
- Promotes consumption of vitamins and minerals through preservative and
artificial-free food
Cons
- Increased health issues: Hair loss, weak bones, muscle wasting, skin rashes,
hypothyroidism, and anemia
- Lack of nutrients and vitamins
Lifestyle choices eg. Athletes, vegetarian, sedentary lives
Vegetarian:
- Must not eat meet
- Require foods high in protein to make up for lack of protein in meet

Sedentary:
- Must have a balanced diet
- When eating carbohydrates, aim for complex carbs
- Low-sugary and fatty foods

Athletes:
- They must have a high intake of carbohydrates and protein to ensure their body does
not go into a caloric deficit and limits Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)
- High consumption of protein supports muscle development and repairment for faster
and safer recovery with minimal interference with the performance

Nutritional requirements at various stages of the life cycle

Babies:
- A high amount of fibre, vitamins and minerals
- Breastmilk or formula will include all required nutrients

Adolescence:
- High source of protein to support muscle development
- Balanced diet
- High intake of complex carbs for energy

Elderly:
- Whole grains
- Food high in calcium, protein, vitamin c and iron

Nutritionally modified foods for specific needs

Primary production: foods modified during primary production (at the farm)
Enriched: (added but was there) foods changed during processing and often lose nutrients. However,
manufacturers add the minerals back.
Fortified: (added but was not there) nutrients that are added and were not originally there.
Examples:
Gluten-free coco pops: Suitable for those with celiac disease or gluten-free diet
Zymil lactose-free milk: Suitable for those intolerant to lactose
Yopro protein yogurt: enriched with protein to accommodate those with a high protein diet
Common allergies and intolerances and their impacts

Allergy Intolerance

Definition: An immune response that is damaging to Definition: The inability to eat a specific food type
the body and is caused by a substance. or take a drug without experiencing adverse
effects.

Symptoms/effect: swelling, rash, itching and
shortness of breath. These symptoms are often
impacted by airways, sinuses and nasal passages,
skin and digestive system.
Symptoms/effect: nausea, bloating and diarrhoea
are often key effects of a food intolerance. There
can also be pain experienced in the abdomen,
burning in the chest and effects in the
gastrointestinal system.

Common triggers (causes/ foods to avoid): Common triggers (causes/ foods to avoid): Dairy
products, chocolate, eggs, food additives, MSG or
Airborne: pollen, animal dander, dust mites, mold other flavour enhancers.
Foods: peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, soy, fish, shellfish,
eggs, milk
Insects: bee, wasp
Medication: penicillin-based antibiotics

Management: Management:
- Avoid the allergen - Change in diet to remove the intolerance
- Use of antihistamine drugs from entering the body
- Discontinue use or exposure to allergens - Consume food in small amounts
- Use of epinephrine through an EpiPen - Use of antacids or antidiarrheals

Allergy (life threatening)

Definition: Abnormal reaction of the body’s immune system to a typically perceived harmless trigger
substance or known allergen by creating antibodies.

Symptoms: swelling, itchiness, rash, shortness of breath

Triggers: peanuts, dairy, fish, tree nuts

Anaphylactic shock: Severe allergic reaction affecting the whole body. Chemicals are released into the
blood that dilate blood vessels causing air passages to constrict. It is advised to treat with adrenaline by
injection.

Intolerance
Definition: Reaction from the digestive system as it is unable to break down the proteins of certain
intolerances or food triggers due to the lack of a particular enzyme.

Symptoms: diarrhea, vomiting, stomach pain, gas

Triggers: lactose, dairy, gluten

Food need studied in depth, with examples of suitable meal planning - Lactose intolerent

What happens?

- reduced ability to digest milk sugars, due to insufficient amounts of the gut enzyme called
lactase
- If lactose is consumed, bloating, diarrhea or abdominal pain

Nutritional requirements:

- Calcium = due to lack of calcium as a result of the inability to digest calcium-rich products
- Vitamin D = has high calcium absorption rates which will increase calcium in the body

Meal options:

Breakfast: (use non-dairy milk fortified with calcium)

- Soy Smoothie: Make a smoothie blending frozen fruit, a banana, soy or almond milk, and/or
soy yogurt. Because soy is naturally rich in protein, magnesium, and calcium, it can be part of
a nutritious breakfast.
- Breakfast Parfait: Make a yogurt parfait using soy yogurt or lactose-free yogurt, fresh or
frozen fruit, and nuts or granola sprinkled on top. A great nutritional substitute for milk or
dairy, some soy yogurts are fortified with calcium and vitamin D, and each 6-ounce serving
has about 4 grams of protein.
- Oatmeal: Replace traditional milk with lactose-free cow’s milk, soy milk, or almond and rice
milk when you’re making oatmeal and other hot cereals.

Lunch:

- Roast Pork with Braised Collards: collards are high in calcium and vitamin D
- Sesame-Crusted Shrimp: sesame seeds are high in calcium

Dinner:

- Salmon Salad with Avocado and Grilled Asparagus: asparagus and salmon are high in calcium
- Roast Chicken with Mixed Greens: Kale, turnip greens or beet greens are high in calcium and
vitamin B

Prepackaged food:

- Dairy-free yogurt pouches (includes coconut milk)

- Nut and seed trail mixes