Practical Research Reviewer Quantitative Qualitative

Single reality Multiple realities

FAKE NEWS Establishing Understanding situations
HOW CAN WE FIGHT FAKE NEWS relationships and in a participant
explaining causes of perspective
KTDM WAY correlation
K – Kilatisin Pre-established design Emerging design
T – Tapusin Detached researcher Immersed researcher
D – Durugin To generalize To assess applicability
M – Mag-research

STRENGTHS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

THE NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH
- Precision of numbers/ Accurate result
INQUIRY - synonymous with the word investigation - Level of significance (statistical)
can be determined - that results are not due to
RESEARCH - a systematic and objective creation of chance alone
knowledge (Creswell, 2013) - Sample is less prone to sampling bias
* Objective – unbiased* - Error can be computed. E.g., sampling error
* Subjective – biased* WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
WHY DO RESEARCH - Inadequacy of numbers for total picture and
- add to existing knowledge depth of analysis
- improve practice - Less than 100% accuracy in sampling,
- inform policies instrument construction, and administration
- solve problems, not emergencies - Assumptions in statistical methods
- long term solutions - Costly, difficult, and time consuming

RESEARCH PROCESS (Frankwell & Wallen, 2009) ADDRESSING THE WEAKNESSES

1. Rigor - planned
Research Problem 2. Addition of qualitative analysis using quotes
Hypothesis/ Questions of subjects.
Definitions
Literature Review
Sample
Instrumentation
Data Analysis
Procedure/ Design

*It’s not linear but messy*

*Painfully meaningful*

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
- uses numbers in stating generalizations about a
given problem or inquiry in contrast to qualitative
research that hardly uses statistical treatment in
stating generalizations.
KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE DESIGNS BUSINESS ANTHRO – aplikasyon ng
antropolohiya para sa market research at iba
Experimental
pang problemang business-related
True Quasi- Weak
experimental experimental experimental COMMUNICATION - tweets
Posttest-Only Matching Only One Shot Case
*TIME AND FORGETFULNESS ARE THE ALLIES OF
Control Group Design Study
ABUSERS*
Design
Pretest-
Posttest Only Counterbalanced
Control Group Designs One Group
Design Pretest-
Time-Series Posttest Design
Solomon-Four Design
Group Design Single-Subject
Design
Non-Experimental
Survey Ex-Post Facto Correlational

IMPORTANCE OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH ACROSS

FIELDS

OUR LEARNING GOAL

- demonstrate understanding of the importance of
quantitative research across fields

FIELDS
1. Behavioral Sciences
2. Social Sciences
3. Science Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
4. Accountancy, Business and Management

ANTHROPOLOGY – Anthropos (tao), Logos (study)

- study of what makes us humans

BRANCHES OF ANTHROPLOGY
- Archaeology
- Biological
- Social/ Cultural
_Linguistic

FORENSIC ANTHRO – pagsusuri sa skeletal remains ng

mga tao para makatulong sa paglutas ng krimen

MEDICAL ANTHRO – pagsusuri sa factors sa

nakakaapekto sa kalusugan ng mga tao

VISUAL ANTHRO – paggamit ng mga imahe para pag-

aralan ang kaugalian ng mga tao
 Contemporary Arts Reviewer
MODULE 2
ARTS PRODUCED IN TODAY’S GENERATION
PHOTOGRAPHY – aka photographic art or artistic
photography
- fine art photography describes any image taken
by a camera where the intention is aesthetic (that
is, a photo" whose value lies primarily in its beauty)
CONCEPTUAL ART - the concept(s) or ideals)
involved in the work take precedence over
traditional aesthetic, technical, and material
concerns.
PERFORMANCE ART – it began in the1960s; it is a
drama-inspired approach to art.
INSTALLATION ART - It is a genre in which “ideas”
and “impact” are regarded as being more important
than the quality of a finished “product” or “work of
art.”
LAND ART - A form of contemporary art, also
known as Earthworks or Earth Art.
ANIMATION ART - Animation art is a form of visual
art that makes motion picture from a series of still
drawings.
COMPUTER ART - Computer art refers to any form
of graphic art or digital imagery which is produced
with the aid of a computer.
GRAPHIC ART - Graphic arts depend their effect on
line and tone, not color. The main classical type of
graphic art is drawing. Postmodern forms include
the word art of Christopher Wool and the
conceptual graphic art of Barbara Kruger.
POSTER ART - Poster art describes a general
category of printed 2-D artwork which is designed
to be affixed to a vertical surface.
MODULE 3
NONA GARCIA
– She is perhaps one of the best known artists in
the Philippine art scene at the moment. Born in
1987 in Manila. She studied in University of the
Philippines and received her Bachelor of Fine Arts
in Painting.
- Stark Realism and Photorealism
ANDRES BARRIOQUINTO
- is a multi-awarded artist who has achieved
success in both the national and international art
scenes thanks to his iconic and surreal painting
style. A fine arts alumnus of the University of
Santo Tomas.
- His portraits are famously a mix of the
monochrome and the Technicolor. Black and
White.
LEEROY NEW
- Distinctive style across variety of mediums. He
studied at the Philippine High School for Arts and
UP Fine Arts.
- Best known for iconic sculptures and fascinated
with monsters.
NIKKI LUNA
- One of the most prominent female artist in the
Philippine art. Her work brings together advocacy
and art.
- Mostly visual arts and she is notable for
highlighting issues of women, including the issues
of rape, sexual harassment, domestic workers,
and migrant workers.
RODEL TAPAYA
- He is one of the top names in Philippine painting
and visual art, and his work has garnered him
critical acclaim both in the country and abroad.
- Artworks and paintings are notable for their mix
of Filipino folk culture and history, which he uses
to offer commentary on contemporary social
issues.
ERNEST CONCEPCION
- He is known for paintings that combine
landscapes with caricatures of warfare.
- He is notable for his use of color and texture in
his artworks. His paintings are abstracted
reflections on Philippine history, social issues,
and the human experience.
ANNIE CABIGTING
- She is one of this generation of artists’ technical
masters, and her work is well-known both for its
adherence to real life form, and for its ability to
challenge the viewer.
- Cabigting is perhaps most known for her ability
to force her viewers to question ideas of
authorship, reproduction, and point of view.
DEX FERNANDEZ
- is a rising name among young artists in the
Philippines. Fernandez’s work is playful and
street-smart, bringing a modern sensibility to
many of Manila’s galleries.
- Besides his illustration, he’s also worked in
mixed media, photo manipulation, mural
painting, and other styles. Fernandez’s pieces like
to mix the mundane in with the surreal, making
each of his artworks an instant visual playground
for the viewer.
OSCAR VILLAMIEL
- He is a familiar figure in the Philippine art
world, and his visceral, multi-media installations
are both instantly recognizable and unforgettable.
- Villamiel’s work is well-known for its use of
salvaging, with the artist using found materials or
old, recycled parts to create entirely new works.
GERALDINE JAVIER
- She is a Philippine visual artist whose work
foregrounds the tension between dynamic
contrasts.
RONALD VENTURA
- Ronald Ventura’s artworks are known for
combining a variety of different media, and he
explores new themes, materials, and concepts in
his work. Although skilled in different media,
including photography, sculptures, and
installations, he’s particularly known for his work
surrounding the human form.
GARY-ROSS PASTRANA
- Pastrana’s work is known for combining
concepts with context in subtle, poetic ways. In
addition to sculpture, his work has also employed
the use of folded and coiled photographs, found
pictures from the internet woven together, and
even his own shirt tied to a flag pole.
BENEDICTO CABRERA
- aka BENCAB
- One of the Philippines National Artist for Visual
Arts and arguably the best painter of his
generation of Filipino Artists.
- His artworks are notable for his mastery of a
variety of different media, including printmaking,
painting, photography, and draftsmanship.
AGNES ARELLANO
- Arellano is known for her focus on the female
body using a casts of her own body. She calls her
sculptures “inscapes,”
KIKO ESCORA
- known as Manila Animal, is a prolific,
chameleon-like artist whose work changes with
every exhibition.
YASMIN SISON-CHING
- Her early work centered on abstract
expressionism. Her gestural paintings included
bright splashes of color and expressionist figures
that lacked both form and identity. She then
moved on to representational imagery, distinctive
for her unflinching portrayal of her subjects.
NEIL PASILAN
- Pasilan’s work is known for its use of multiple
layers and media, utilizing these different strata
to expose or sometimes mask different forms and
subjects.
- Works are distinctive for its hazy yet emotion-
filled approach to form, creating emotion through
abstraction where the viewer would initially
assume there was none to be found.
KAWAYAN DE GUIA
- De Guia’s work is notable for his seemingly
disjointed juxtapositions of different images and
forms. His collages play with concepts that are
often difficult to pair, such as religion and
consumerism, in collages that play with both
shape and color.
MARK SALVATUS
- He calls his artworks “Salvage Projects”.
- He is preoccupied with the idea of movements
and transitions from one place or state of being to
another. His work discusses urbanization and the
socioeconomic structure that surrounds it.
PATRICIA PEREZ EUSTAQUIO
- Much of her work involves the materials of craft,
including fabric, leather, lace, ceramic, and
upholstery— either handmade or industrial.
MARTHA ATIENZA
- Martha Atienza’s work is primarily known for
being expressed through video installation, which
has been exhibited in various galleries across the
globe.
HANNAH PETTYJOHN
- Her work seems to focus on the meeting and
discussion between two worlds. Her paintings are
often accompanied by sculptural works, and
fragments of memory and autobiographical
tidbits make up much of her artwork.
POPE BACAY
- Bacay’s work draws on the sense of place,
capturing scenes from his life in his hometown of
Roxas.
DAVID MADELLA
- He is one of the foremost artists in kinetic art
and sculpture in the world. He has experimented
with a variety of forms and materials, never once
shying away from the challenge to viewers and
observers.
MODULE 4
Material - is what the artwork is made of. It can
also be a combination of objects used in art.
LOCAL MATERIALS
ABACA - belongs to Banana family. Its fiber has a
natural luster with colors ranging from pure
white to ivory and dark brown.
Ex: slippers, ropes, twine, hammock, frame,
display jar, jars, Chelsea chair
BAKBAK -is the outermost covering or leaf sheath
of the abaca stalk. It is a flat thick durable sheath
as twine or braided. The strong brown fiber used
to make furniture.
Ex: mat, bangkuay bin, boxes, bin, display, jar,
Cecilia dining table, and arm chair
COIR – it is the fibrous material surrounding
the fruit of the coconut tree.
Ex: indoor or outdoor fiber carpets, wall
covering, doormat, trellises, and geo textiles
PANDAN - is a tropical plant. It is processed
and transformed into splints that are being
used as raw material.
Ex: baskets, hats, picture frames and bags
RATTAN - belongs to the palm family. There
are different types of rattan palms, such as
high or low climbers, single stemmed or
clustered rattan species.
Ex: baskets, picture frames, furniture and
other novelty items, Zoya lounge chair,
Valencia queen size bed
BAMBOO - is used a raw material in creating
many products. It is used in construction,
textile, musical instruments, weapons, and
many more.
Ex: kubing, bungkaka, tongatong, angklung,
pateteg, gabbang
BUNTAL - is a cylindrically shaped fibers. The
supple ivory white strands are quite durable,
pliable, and have good dyeing qualities.
Ex: bags, shoes,desk accessories like pen
holder, picture frames, file trays, wallets, place
mats, braide, lampshades, window blinds
SABEL by Ben Cabrera
- a portrayal of a woman that is wrapped in a
fabric-like material that is almost abstract
- using oil and acrylic paint.
CLOUD CANYONS NO. 3 by David Medalla
- This work is a kinetic sculpture consisting of
wooden boxes arranged in a circle on the floor
with a tall plastic tube placed at the center.
CHIME HALO by Imply Pilapil
- A giant wind chime made up of bamboo
stalks. A maze of hanging bamboo sections
changes perception people lose themselves in
the maze while enveloped by the sound of
bamboo tubes chiming with the wind.
TECHNIQUES
more important than the finished work itself.
MIXED MEDIA - is a term used to describe
artworks composed from a combination of
different media or materials. A work on canvas
that combines paint, ink, and collage could
properly be called a "mixed media" work.
NEW MEDIA ART - is a 21st Century catchall term
used to define all that is related to the internet
and the interplay between technology, images and
sound.
IMPROVISATION - in theater is the playing of
dramatic scenes without written dialogue & with
minimal or no predetermined dramatic activity.
COLLAGE - is a technique of art creation, primarily
used in the visual arts, but in music too, by which
art results from an assemblage of different forms,
thus creating a term lifted from the French word
for 'unstick', it is most commonly applied to
artworks where an original image is cut, torn, or
removed from its original content.
LAND ART - is art that is made directly in the
landscape, sculpting the land itself into
earthworks or making structures in the landscape
using natural materials such as rocks or twigs.
PRINTMAKING - is an artistic process based on the
principle of transferring images from a matrix
onto another surface, most often paper or fabric.
Traditional printmaking techniques include
woodcut, etching, engraving, and lithography,
while modern artists have expanded available
techniques to include screenprinting.
MODULE 5
ELEMENTS OF ART
1. APPROPRIATION - is when an artist creates a
new work of art by taking preexisting images
from other sources and modifies and/or
incorporates those images with new ones.
2. PERFORMANCE - refers to artwork created by
or presented to an audience. Performance as an
element can also include the processes used by
the artist to create the work. This takes place
when the process used to create the artwork is
3. SPACE - is the element of art through which
both positive and negative areas are defined or
a sense of depth is achieved in a work of art.
4. HYBRIDITY - is used in artists’ work through
the blending of new or unusual materials with
traditional mediums. The incorporation of
these materials, such as recycled or industrial
materials, plays an important role in the
meaning of the artwork.
5. TECHNOLOGY - refers to the usage of
technological advancements in the creation of
art works.
PRINCIPLE OF ARTS
1. HARMONY - This is achieved when all the
elements of a thing are put together to come
up with a coherent whole.
2. BALANCE - Stability produced by even
distribution of weight on each side of the thing.
3. RHYTHM - This principle of art describes the
movement in or of an artwork. Rhythm is
created by the variety and repetition of
elements in a work of art that come together to
create a visual tempo or beat.
4. PROPORTION - Within the realm of the
elements and principles of art, proportion is
the relationship of elements in an artwork to
the whole and to one another.
5. EMPHASIS - Giving proper importance on
one or more parts of the thing or the whole
thing itself.
CLASSIFICATION OF ART FORMS
1. VISUAL ARTS – are those forms perceived by
the eyes.
* GRAPHIC ARTS - those virtual arts that have
length and width; thus they are also called
two-dimensional arts. They are described as
flat arts because they are seen on flat surfaces.
* PLASTIC ARTS - are those visual arts that have
length, width, and volume; thus, they are called
three-dimensional arts.
2. AUDIO-VISUAL ARTS – are those forms
perceived by both ears (audio) and eyes (video).
3. LITERARY ARTS – are those presented in the
written mode and intended to be read.
MODULE 6
LOCAL MATERIALS AND ART TECHNIQUES
1. RECYCLED MATERIALS - The art work made
from recycled materials. It is sometimes called
“junk art”. Artists who make recycled art take
those materials and make them into something
new.
Ex: boxes, bottles, plastic wrap, tin cans and other
things
2. STRINGS - The art made from strings. Often
referred to as pin-and-thread art, string art is an
addicting art form that is inviting to the most
experienced crafter and the newcomer alike.
Ex: embroidery floss, yarn and thicker strings
3. WOOD - Wood and stone were some of the first
materials carved by humans to make tools. It is
used in wood carving and wood sculpture.
WOOD CARVING - is the art of fashioning or
ornamenting objects of wood by cutting with a
sharp handheld implement also an object of wood
so fashioned or ornamented.
4. CLAY - a stiff, sticky fine-grained earth, typically
yellow, red, or bluishgray in color and often
forming an impermeable layer in the soil. It can
be molded when wet, and is dried and baked to
make bricks, pottery, and ceramics.
ADOBE - as used in sculpture is a natural mixture
of clay-rich earth, sand and straw. Using this
material enables sculptors to form figures that
are soft like clay and when dry is as hard as rock.
5. COCONUT LEAVES - Coconut leaves around are
used by the people of Bulacan in their traditional
palm folding art called Puni.
PUNI - is the art of leaf fronds folding. This is a
tagalog term which means to beautify or decorate
with coco leaf. It is used as food container for
suman or puso, palaspas or a toy. Coconut leaves
are used in making crafts like mat weaving,
basket weaving, and hand weaving.
6. BAMBOOS - Bamboos are used in singkaban by
the Bulacenos. Singkaban refers to the decorated
bamboo arch used by the people of Bulacan
during fiestas.
7. BURI (SILAG) - Buri comes from the Buri Palm
which are found also in the Philippines. From this
palm, three types of fiber can be gathered: from
the petiole (buri fiber), the leaf (raffia) and the
ribs (buntal). The fibers can be woven to come up
with pieces of art like fan, mats, baskets, bottle
holder, bags, placemats, hats, etc.
8. RATTAN - Member of the palm family, rattan
grows vine-like, spreading through tropical rain
forests and reaching hundreds of meters in
length. As a furniture material, rattan is
unparalleled. When heated, rattan can be bent
and formed into unique shapes, and after cooling
becomes a sturdy frame on which to weave a
variety of fibers such as rattan peel, reed, rattan
core, and even leather. Baskets and home
accessories that can be used for binding.
9. ABACA - The Philippines remain the world's
largest producer of abaca. The abaca plant is
closely related to and resembles the banana plant
(Musa sapientum). The abaca plant grows from
rootstock that produces up to about 25 fleshy,
fibreless stalks, forming a circular cluster called a
mat, or hill. Woven baskets, braided ropes,
twines, fishing lines and nets, as well as coarse
cloth for sacking.
10. PANDAN - It is known as the screw pine. The
value of this plant is in its leaves. The leaves are
fibrous, resistant to decay and grows very long.
The leaves are boiled and each leaf is cleaned by
removing the sharp spines on the margins and
midrib. The strips are dried, sorted and
individually smoothened and straightened before
the weaving process.
11. CHARCOAL - It is known as the screw pine. The
value of this plant is in its leaves. The leaves are
fibrous, resistant to decay and grows very long.
The leaves are boiled and each leaf is cleaned by
removing the sharp spines on the margins and
midrib. The strips are dried, sorted and
individually smoothened and straightened before
the weaving process.

VINE CHARCOAL - is a long and thin charcoal stick

that is the result of burning grape vines in a kiln
without air.

COMPRESSED CHARCOAL - (also referred as

charcoal sticks) is shaped into a block or a stick. It
creates a much darker black that vine charcoal.

12. SHELLS - Sea shells are used in shell craft. The

kind of shells used for this purpose puka shells,
paua, Blacklip, sigay, troca, and capiz
(windowpane oyster shell).

a. CAPIZ - is a whitish, translucent shell found in

the coastal waters of the Philippines. It is also
known as the windowpane oyster shell or locally
called as capiz shells. Wind chimes, tiles, lamp
shades, picture frames, jewelry boxes, accessories
and decorations for the holidays like Christmas
lanterns.

b. PUKA - shells come from cone shells that have

been tossed, tumbled in the surf and sand
overtime until all that remains is the cupped top.
Mostly necklaces or bracelets.

c. PAUA - shells come from large edible abalone

whose shell is used to make jewelry.

d. BLACKLIP - shells come from various marine

creatures whose shell has a blacklip edge.

e. SIGAY - shells are cowrie shells which are

harvested to make necklaces, bracelets and
curtains.

f. TROCA - shells are spiral to conical shells used

for fancy accessories. The exterior maybe smooth,
glossy, or sculptured. These shells have pearly
interiors.