LESSON 1 4.

Religious Function
INTRODUCTION TO CONTEMPORARY - To express spiritual beliefs about
PHILIPPINE ARTS the destiny of life controlled by the
Art force of a higher power.
- A skill; From the Latin Word ‘ARS’, from the
Greek word ‘Techne’. 5. Economic Function
- An act of beauty (aesthetics). 6. Historical Function
- An imitation of reality (Greeks). 7. Cultural Function
- An expression of feelings or intentions of 8. Physical Function
the artist (romantics). 9. Aesthetic Function

ART IS CREATION. IT IS LIFE. ART STYLE AND FACTORS AFFECTING

STYLE
To create art is to give life.
Ramon Orlina; Glass Sculptor. Art style is a way for artists to express themselves.

1. Geographical Factors
Why do people engage in art?
- The place where the artist stays
- To express their emotions and thoughts,
influences his works.
real or imaginary.
- To produce things of beauty and
2. Historical Factors
masterpiece.
- Historical events exert a great
- To entertain people.
influence on artists, particularly
- To self-actualize.
writers.
- To earn money.
3. Social Factors
Five reasons why art is important
- Society at most times dictate the
- Art is a Natural Human Behavior.
types of paintings, sculptures,
- Art is Communication.
songs, dances, literary pieces, and
- Art is Healing.
movies to be produced.
- Art Tells Our Story.
- Art is a Shared Experience.
4. Ideational Factors
- The ideas coming from various
FUNCTIONS OF ART people also influence artists.

5. Psychological Factors
1. Personal Function
- The works produced by the artists
- To express personal feelings.
are affected by their
psychological makeup or frame of
2. Social Function
mind.
- To reinforce and enhance the
shared sense of identity of those in
6. Technical Factors
family, community, or civilization.
- Techniques matter as far as
artistic styles are concerned.
3. Political Function
- To reinforce and enhance a sense
of identity and ideological
connection to specific political
views, parties and/or people.

CLASSIFICATIONS OF ART FORMS
Visual Arts
- Art forms perceived by the eyes.
- Includes painting, sculpture, and
architecture.
- Also called spatial art because artworks
produced under this genre occupy space.
TWO CATEGORIES OF VISUAL ARTS
GRAPHIC ARTS
(Two-Dimensional Arts)
- Those visual arts have length and
width.
- Described as flat arts because they are
seen on flat surfaces.
Examples: printing, painting, drawing, sketching,
commercial art, mechanical process, computer
graphics, and photography
PLASTIC ARTS
(Three-Dimensional Arts)
- Those visual arts that have length,
width, and depth (volume).
Examples: sculpture, architecture, landscape
architecture, set design, theater design,
industrial design, crafts, and allied arts
Audio-Visual Arts (Performing Arts)
- Art forms perceived by both ears (audio)
and eyes (video).
Examples: musical, play, dance, music, theater,
and film.
Literary Arts
- Those presented in the written mode and
intended to be read.
Examples: Prose (short stories, novels, essays,
and plays) and Poetry (narrative poem, lyrical
poem, and dramatic poem).
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF PHILIPPINE
ARTS
Pre-Colonial/Ethnic Tradition Art
- Location and the experiences of the
Filipinos were the major factors in art
production.
- For rituals and everyday use.
Spanish Period
- Religion and secularization were the
dominant themes of the art forms.
American Period to Contemporary Art
- Modernism entered the field of art wherein
Filipinos started to explore different
materials, methodologies, and
techniques in expressing themselves
through non-conventional art.
- Modern Art refers to the practice of art in
the 1860s-1960s.
- The urbanization, consumerism, rise of the
middle class, change in the political system,
secularization, and the emergence of new
technology affected the way of art-making
in that period.
Contemporary Art
- Refers to the recent and current practice
of art ranging from the 1970s up to the
present.
- It mirrors society and the culture of the
present times.
- It uses a combination of different
methods, materials, and ideas that
transcend the traditional way of art-making.
 INTEGRATIVE ART AND CONTEMPORARY
ART
Integrative Art
- It refers to the use of arts in other
disciplines as in psychology.
- Several art forms are combined to form
an artwork.
- Musical plays, Food Art, variety shows,
advertisement, novels.
Contemporary Art
- It is the art produced in the present
period.
- It includes, and develops from,
postmodern art, which is itself the
successor of modern art.
- Contemporary art runs from 1970 until now.
During the 1970s up to the present, the artist
began combining different art forms and media.
An artist may now combine two visual art forms,
such as painting and sculpture. An artist may
integrate two or more different art forms, such as
sculpture and music.
Integrating two or more forms of performing arts is
still common nowadays, even though performing
arts were already integrated before the 1970's
such as the case of people's theater.
LESSON 2
ELEMENTS OF ART
Every piece of art ever created includes one or
more of these elements. Learn about line, color,
shape, form, value, space, and texture.
The elements of art are the building blocks of all
art.
1. Line
- Refers to a prolongation of a point, or a
mark on a surface.
2. Shape
- Refers to an area with boundaries identified
or drawn using lines.
DIVISION OF ART STUDY
Aesthetic or Art Appreciation
- Aesthetics is the science of beauty in
which the students learn to admire artists,
value highly different works of art and
appreciate the role of art in society.
Art History
- The student acquires the knowledge of
the artists, their backgrounds. Their
masterpieces, and their significant
contributions in various fields of art.
Art Production
- The student learns to use their creativity
and apply his artistic knowledge and
skills in producing their works of art.
Art Criticism
● The student learns to use their judgement
in evaluating different artworks based on
the criteria set.
○ Subject matter
○ Artist
○ Audience
A. Organic shapes can be irregular or
rounded.
B. Geometric Shape is two dimensional
2.1 Mass / Form
- Refers to solid portions of a
three-dimensional object.
3. Color
- Refers to the visual perception that allows a
person to differentiate objects
THREE PROPERTIES OF COLORS
1. Hue
- Refers to the basic or pure color and is
represented in the color wheel.
 2. Value
- Refers to the lightness and darkness of a
Actual Texture
color.
- Can be felt tangibly based on the material
that is used for the artwork.
3. Saturation
- Refers to the brightness and dullness of a
Implied Texture
color.
- Can be exhibited.
- Found most in visual arts.
Color Wheel
- Sets of colors are referred to as color
schemes or color relationships.
6. Space
- Refers to the area that is occupied by an
COLOR SCHEMES
object or a subject.
Monochromatic
- involves using the same hue but with TYPES OF PERSPECTIVE
different gradients of value. Atmospheric perspective
- utilizes the properties of light and air in
Analogous depicting the illusion of distance;
- entails the use of three or four adjacent
colors in the color wheel. Linear perspective
- involves the use of vanishing points and
Complementary receding hidden lines.
- involves the use of color and its
complement - meaning the color located
opposite of the first color. 7. Time and Motion
- Movement in visual art can either be an
Split - Complementary illusion or an actual motion.
- Close relative to the complementary color
scheme, but instead of using the color's
complement, this scheme uses the two
colors adjacent to the complement. PRINCIPLES OF ART
- Variation of complementary scheme
1. Harmony
Triadic - A most essential factor in a composition.
- uses three colors that are equal distance - Also called unity.
with each other. - Achieved when all the elements of a thing
are put together to come up with a coherent
Tetradic whole.
- Also known as a double complementary
color scheme, this uses two pairs of 2. Balance
complementary colors. - Known as physical equilibrium
- Stability produced by even distribution of
weight on each side of the thing.

Classified as Formal and Informal Balance

4. Value
- Refers to lightness or darkness of an area.
A. Formal / Symmetrical Balance
- Exists if the weights at equal distance from
5. Texture
the centers are equal
- Refers to the feel or appearance of a
surface.
A.1 Bilateral Symmetry is present when the left and
right sides appear the same.
A.2 Radial Symmetry exists when the same
measure occurs from the central point to the end of
every radius.
B. Informal/Asymmetrical Balance
- An arrangement in which the elements are
not symmetrically arranged, but still appear
balanced and stable
3. Rhythm
- Continuous use of a motif or repetitive
pattern of a succession of similar or
identical items.
4. Proportion
- Comparative relationship of the different
parts to the whole.
- Proper and pleasing relationship of one
object with the others in a design.
5. Emphasis
- Giving proper importance on one or more
parts of the thing or the whole thing itself.
Painting
- The process of applying color on a flat
surface.
- Some materials that are used in the
painting are watercolor, acrylic, ink, oil,
pastel, and charcoal.
- Surfaces for painting include wood, canvas,
cardboard, and paper.
- Considered two-dimensional, meaning it
only has height and weight.
Subject
- It is what the work of art depicts or
represents.
- It may be a person, an object, a scene, or
an event.
- The subject provides the answer to the
question: What is the work of art all about?
Subject vs Content
- The subject matter is the literal, visible
image in a work e.g., still life, portrait,
landscape while content includes the
connotative, symbolic, and suggestive
aspects of the image.
Content is the communication of ideas, feelings,
and reactions connected with the subject. It is the
ultimate reason for creating art.
THEMES OF PAINTING / SUBJECT MATTER
IN THE VISUAL ART
1. Genre Painting
- Portrays people on daily activities.
- Subjects include painting and harvesting
rice, a young woman singing in front of
guests, vendors, and fiestas.
2. Historical Painting
Depicts a scene from the past.
Illustrate a part of the story or a significant event.
Often has a lesson concerning national values.
3. Interiors
This refers to a painting of the space inside of a
part of a house or a building.
Usually reveals the social class of the family living
in that particular house, as well as the traits of the
people living in it.
4. Nature
● 4.1 Landscape
○ Depiction of outdoor or natural
scenery such as mountains, valleys,
trees, rivers, and forests.
● 4.2 Seascape
○ Depicts the sea as its primary
subject.
● 4.3 Cityscape
○ Urban scenery or the urban
environment as its primary focus.
● 4.4 Flora
○ Flowers as its primary focus
● 4.5 Fauna
○ Animal imagery as its primary
subject matter
5. Portraits
- This refers to a painting portraying one or
more specific individuals.
- Usually portrays the physical characteristics
of the subject and seeks to show an
understanding of that person’s character.
 6. Nudes
- Paintings that portray the unclothed human
figure.
7. Religious Painting
- Common subjects include a lone religious
image, lives of the saints, and scenes
based on the Scriptures like the nativity
scene, and the Stations of the Cross.
8. Still Life
- This refers to a painting that depicts natural
or man-made objects that form a
composition in a natural setting.
- Modern artists who still did still life paintings
are Ang Kiukok, Frederico Aguilar Alcuaz,
and Manuel Baldemor. Each artist uses his
style in portraying still life.
9. Surrealistic
- The word "surreal" is associated with
strange juxtapositions or absurd
combinations, like those experienced in
dreams.
- An effort to make art ambiguous and
strange.
- Images are recognizable but are combined
with fantastic and unnatural relationships.
10. Abstract Art
- Art in which the artist has started with some
visible object and abstracted elements from
it to arrive at a more or less simplified or
schematized form.
- Artists often "abstract" objects by changing,
simplifying, or exaggerating what they see.
POPULAR STYLES OF PAINTING DURING
THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
Neo-realism
- Which involves creating representational
figures that also look abstract;
Hyper-realism or magic realism
- in which the subject is painted in a highly
realistic way that resembles a photograph
Social realism (Links to an external site.), which
entails creating paintings that depict
socioeconomic and political problems
Forms of Painting
1.Easel Painting
The most common form of painting
Applying color to a board or canvas that is fixed on
upright support called an easel.
These paintings are meant to be framed and
hanged on a wall after creating them.
2. Murals
A mural is described as a huge wall-sized painting.
Some artists during the 1980’s believed that the
mural should be used to impart messages to
increase social awareness, especially to issues at
that time.
Have a new form called a portable mural that is
developed to prevent the mural from being erased
on the wall. The portable mural was created by
using bold strokes in applying bright colors on
pieces of cheesecloth or canvas.
3. Telon Painting
Described as a backdrop or background for the
stage. These backdrops are used for komedya,
sarswela, and sinakulo.
4.Jeepney and Calesa Painting
Jeepney painting (Links to an external site.)
evolved from calesa painting. In a typical Jeepney,
a logo, number, or painting is covered near the
driver’s seat, as well as near the seats adjacent to
it. The typically subject matter of jeepney painting
ranges from landscapes to scenes from a comic
book.
5. Collage
This refers to a form of painting that involves
combine images in a single artwork.
Entails cutting and pasting materials such as
paper, fabric, tin foil, and other relatively flat
materials onto a board or canvas.
National Artists for Visual Arts (Painting)
Fernando Amorsolo (Links to an external site.)
National Artist for Visual Arts - Painting (1972)
Paco, Manila, National Capital Region
First National Artist in the Philippines
Best known for his illuminated landscapes
Developed the backlighting technique ( making his
creations bright and cheerful
Major Works:

The Mestiza (1943) – National Museum of the

Philippines collection
Dalagang Bukid(1936) – Club Filipino collection
El Ciego(1928)-Central Bank of the Philippines
collection
Maiden in a Stream(1921)-GSIS collection
Planting Rice(1946)-UCPB collection

Carlos “Botong” Francisco (Links to an external

site.)
National Artist for Visual Arts - Painting (1973)
Angono, Rizal, Region 4 A - CALABARZON
Distinguished mural painter
Best known for his historical pieces
Major Works:

Blood Compact
First Mass at Limasawa
The Martyrdom of Rizal

Victorio C. Edades (Links to an external site.)

National Artist for Visual Arts - Painting (1976)
Dagupan,Pangasinan, Region 1 - Ilocos Region
Recognized as the Father of Modern Philippine
Painting
Known for using dark somber colors in his painting

Major Works:

The Sketch
The Artist and the Model
Portrait of the Professor
Japanese Girl

Vicente Manansala (Links to an external site.)

National Artist for Visual Arts - Painting (1981)
Macabebe, Pampanga,Region 3 - Central Luzon
Known for his paintings depicting realistic themes
using the cubic style
He believed that "the beauty of art is in the process
in the moment of doing particular painting, closely
associating it with the act of making love”
Major Works:

A Cluster of Nipa Hut

Market Vendors
Madonna of the Slums