HUMANITIES AND ARTS
ART is from the word AR ‘to join or to pull
PROTRAGORAS an Ancient Greek - The man is
the measure of all things
WHY STUDY HUMANITIES?
Focus on Humans
Creative Minds
Humanities is the expression of all the people
HUMANITIES – came from the Latin word
“humanus’ which means human. Cultured, and
refined.
- These are manifested in all of
the thoughts and actions that
center on human interests and
ideals, values and sentiments
TO BE HUMAN -
 To show characteristics of rationality,
benevolence, and care
 To show good tastes and manners
indicative of good, proper education
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF
HUMANITIES
 Human nature is inherently good.
 Individuals are free and are capable of
making choices
 Human Potential for Growth and
development is virtually unlimited
 Self-concept plays an important role in
growth and development
 Individual are urge for self-
actualization
According to Maslow 1943 - “Musician
must make music, an artist must paint,
a poet must write, if he is to be
ultimately happy”
 Reality is defined by each person
 Individuals have responsibility to both
themselves and to others
VITRUVIAN MAN
THE SCREAM
THE INCREDULITY OF SAINT THOMAS
NATURE OF ART
together’
SARS AND ARTIS – everything that is artificially
made or composed by man
According to ADAMS (2002) art is
- Refers particularly to skillfully
arrangement or composition of
some common but significant
qualities of nature such as;
SOUNDS, COLORS, LINES,
MOVEMENTS, WORDS,
STONES, AND WOOD.
- To express feelings, thoughts,
imagination and dreams in an
amazing, meaningful, and
enjoyable way.
RELATIONSHIP OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES
 Humanities through the arts deals with
man’s internal world, his personality and
experiences, matters that cannot directly
be measured. Classified and controlled.
ART IS SUBJECTIVE
GENERAL FUNCTION OF ARTS
 The Human need expression
The social need for display, celebration
and Communication
 The Physical needs for functional objects
ART: AS VIEWEDD BY PHILOSOPHY
Philosophy –
 A field of discipline that attempted to
explain almost all aspects of human
existence.
Aesthetics –
 The philosophical study of beauty and
taste
 It is concerned with the nature of art and
used as basis for interpreting and
evaluating works of art.
PHILISOPHERS ARTISANS
Plato – Art is imitation - A person who is skilled trade that involves
Art is Dangerous making things by hand.
 Famous for his Dialogues - He is a craft worker
 He loved and hated art at the same time - INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
 Considered Arts as Threatening DIFFERENT ART FORMS
 He contended that although the arts can Painting
be used to train citizens to have an ideal - Spoliarium, 1884 by Juan Luna
society. - The starry night, 1889 by Vincent Van Gogh
 PLATO explained that the physical world Sculpture
is a copy of perfect, rational, eternal, - Bul-ul
changeless original – FORMS - Oblation
ARISTOTLE Architecture
 Good – always presents itself in some - Burj Khalifa
action - Sydney Opera House
 Beauty- may exist in motionless objects or Music
thing - Kundiman
IMMANUEL KANT Dance
 Interest Is not the art itself but beauty - Ifugao Tribal Dance
 He thought that beauty does not rest on - Itik – itik
the properties but on the manner of how Literature
people will respond to it. - Novel
 BEAUTY IS A MATTER OF TASTE Theater
 Subjective taste does not focus on the - Ang Huling Elbimbo (The Musician 2020)
properties of the object itself but rather APPRECIATING THE ARTS
on the pleasure one experiences as he - Give a good physical description
responds to it. - Analyze the artwork in terms of what the
 Universal taste is non-aesthetic and does artist want his work to represent.
not consider the beauty of the work or
the mastery of the artist, but rather, the SUBJECT AND CONTENT
artwork is appreciated for what it is. Subject
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ARTIST AND ARTISAN - What the work represents
Artist - A person, scene, an event or any thing/entity
- Person who exhibits exceptional skills in the visual 2 types of subject
and the performing arts.  Representational or Objective Arts
- More sensitive, very perceptive and more creative  Non-representational Arts
- THE ARTIST GIVES THE EXPERIENCE (SUBSTANCE) SOURCES OF SUBJECTS
FORM USING A SKILLFIL COMPOSITION OF THE NATURE- most popular source of objective art
MEDIA. - Nature inspired
PEOPLE – are depicted can offer clues to the artists
thoughts, mood and the genre the art work is
representing
- Most interesting
HISTORY – depicts real events which are verifiable
facts that occurred in the past
- Purpose: Commemorate events or to teach
history to the viewers
LEGENDS – based on legends presents to viewers of
the art something tangible even when unverified
- Brings ‘LIFE’ to the stories
RELIGION – based on sacred context like the Holy
Bible, the Quran of Islam and Torah of Judaism
MYTHOLOGY – the stories of the gods and
goddesses of Ancient Greece, Rome, Celts, Norse,
and the Egyptian or any other mythologies.
DREAMS AND FANTASY – the intrigue of the
unconscious also inspires artists to represent It
through art for others to see, relate and, interpret
TECHNOLOGY- with tall buildings and amazing
machines, Cityscapes, airplanes cars etc.
WAYS OF PRESENTING THE ART
NATURALISM
- broad movement in 19th century which
represented things closer to the way we see
them.
- The extreme type of realism
- Pay attention to very accurate and precise,
details, and portrays things as they are.
REALISM
- Depicts the artist attempt of portraying the
subject as it is.
- Realist try to be as objective as possible in
their presentation.
- Work seem so real, just like a photograph
- Most popular way in representing art
ABSTRACTION
- Moves away to reality, from presenting the
subject as it really is
- It involves process of simplifying and
reorganizing the work
Four Types of ABSTRACTION
DISTORTION
- The subject is misshapen or twisted out.
- Done to dramatize the shape of the figure or
to create an emotional effect.
ELONGATION
- The subject is stretched vertically or some
parts are lengthened to give impression of
thinness
MANGLING
- Subject or objects which are cut, lacerated,
mutilated or hacked with repeated blows.
CUBISM
- Use of fingers like a cone, cylinder, sphere,
etc.
- Wants to show forms in their basic
geometrical shapes.
SYMBOLISM
- Visible sign of something invisible such as
idea or quality
- Draws the viewers attention to what other
message the artist mat be trying to cenvey.
FAUVISM
- Wild beast
- Did not express ethical, philosophical, or
psychological themes
- Used bright colors ( that do not reflect
reality)
DADAISM
- Art movement that doesn’t follow traditions
and principles in art.
- Aims to show weakness in the society
- Tries to shock and provoke and public with
outrageous pieces.
FUTURISM
- Artist wanted to capture the speed and force
the modern industrial society.
- Highlight Technologies of modern life.
SURREALISM
- Invented word for super realism
- The activities of the subconscious
- Attempts to show man’s inners mind and
how he may perceive the work,
EXPRESSIONISM
- Depicts the emotion aroused by objects and
events
- Involves sadness, chaos, tragedy and defeat.
ARTIST AND THEIR MEDIUM
KINDS OF ARTISTS
Visual Artist
- The painters, sculptors and the architects
- They are also composed of filmmaker and
graphic artists
Creative Artist
- More adept ag writing words and
arranging musical notes to entice the
imagination and evoke emotions
- These artist include writers, pets,
playwright, novelist and composers
Performing Artist
- Expressed art through execution in front
of an audience
- Artists are: Dancers, Singers, Stage
Perfomers, Actors and musician
- Hone their skills through rehearsal and
trainings.
MEDIUM
- Refers to the material that an artist to
communicate their ideas, feelings and
emotions.
Arts can further be classified into the
following based on their medium:
VISUAL ARTS
- Art form = Sight
- Its medium are those materials that can
be seen and occupy space.
a. Graphic or 2 dimensional Art
b. Plastic or 3 Dimensional Art
AUDITORY OR TIME ARTS
- The medium of this art those that viewers
can hear and expressed in time
- Music and literature
COMBINED ARTS
- Ephemeral Arts
- Those that viewers can see and hear
which considers both time and space
- Dances, Drama, and Cinema.
THE PROCESS OF ART PRODUCTION
The Medium
- His choice of medium and the process
that he uses should be guided by the
standards of a responsible artist
- Artist Choice of medium is influenced by;
 Availability of material
 Nature and Characteristics of the
materials
The Technique
- A good artist makes a medium work to
produce effects that other artist cannot
attain by any other means
- Artist differ from each other in the
technique that they use for the same
medium.
Curation
- Curation – Latin word ‘CURARE’ which
means to take care
- Process that involves managing,
overseeing, and assembling or putting
together a presentation or exhibit from
some type of historical or artistic
collection
CURATOR
- Person who decides on what objects to
select to be a part of a collection for
exhibit
DIFFERENT MEDIA OF ARTS
Graphic or Two Dimensional Art (2d)
DRAWING
- Sketch which shows the general
organization or design of a prodect being
planned.
Different Media for Drawing
1. Pencil
- Made from graphite which comes in
different hardness from soft to hard or
thickness from thick needle like
- The higher the B number the softer the
lead and the darker is the tone it can
create.
Diff. Pencils techniques
Hatching
- Series of Parallel Lines that run in the
same direction.
Cross Hatching
- Series of thin parallel lines and
crisscrossing it with another set of thin
parallel lines.
Stippling
- Using sharp point of pencil to make dot
patterns to create depth in drawing.
Blending
- Accomplished by using finger or a paper
stump to gradually change the tone form
dark to light.
2. Ink
- Oldest material in drawing
- Allows a great variety of qualities
depending on the tools and techniques
used.
- Calligraphy
3. Pastel
- Composed of old and dry pigment held
together by a gum binder and
compressed into sticks.
Diff Pastel Techniques
Stippling
- Using pastel of different colors to produce
Feathering
- Using the point of the pastel to make
parallel strokes creating a feather like
effect.
Scumbling
- Layering but using pastel
- Pastel is lightly drawn on top of an
existing color but still making the first
layer visible.
Impasto
- Techniques of thickly applying the pastel
by pressing it hard on paper creating an
opague effect
Sgrafitto
- Applying thick deposit on the support then
using a blunt pen, scrapes it to revel the
underlying color and create a design.
4. Charcoal
- An Organic medium that comes from
burnt wood
- Compressed Charcoal – made from loose
charcoal mixed with binder
5. Paper
- Most Common surface used in 2D arts.
PAINTING
- Process of applying paint onto smooth
surface like paper, canvass, wood and
plaster.
Diff media for Painting
1. Watercolor
- Pigments are mixed with water and
applied to paper.
- Colors applied in layers = layering
2. Gouache
- Pigment has been mixed with water and
added a chalk like material to give it an
opaque effect.
3. Oil paints
- Mixed with oil as its binder
- Oil paint tends to rise to the surface and
forms film that makes the color dull.
4. Tempera
- Mixed with egg yolk as binder
- Ideal surface for tempera Is wood
5. Fresco
- Mixed with water and applied on a portion
of the wall with wet plaster
- Used for mural painting
MOSAIC
- Are wall or floor decorations made of
small tiles or irregularly cut pieces of
colored stones or glass called tesserae.
COLLAGE
- Derived from the word ‘coller’ which
means to stick
- A technique of making an artwork by
gluing or pasting on a firm support.
PRINT MAKING
- Process used for making reproductions of
Graphic work.
- Allows for the repeated transfer of a
master image from painting plate
RELEIF PAINTING ADDITIVE PROCESS
- Raised - Involves the construction of a figure
- Oldest method - Putting together bits of the material or
- Cutting away certain parts of the surface, welding together metal parts
usually a block of wood and leaving the PROCESS OF SUBSTITUTIONS
‘raised’ parts to produce the image - Casting
INTAGLIO PRINTING - Using mold to produce a 3D figure in
- Depressed another material
- Opposite of relief painting STONE
- Instead of using the surface of the plate - Natural medium
the lines of the image are cut or incised to - Hard and relatively permanent
a metal plate - Marble is deemed by sculptors as the
SURFACE PRINTING most beautiful stone for sculptures
- Flat METAL
- Includes all processes in which printing is - It is used because if its three unique
done from a flat surface qualities; tensile strength, ductility and
- Silkscreen malleability.
Types of Metal
THE PLASTIC OR THE DIMENTIONAL ART 1. Stainless steel
(3D) - Inox steel
2. Bronze
SCULPTURE - Alloy; tin and cooper
- The word sculpture has originated from 3. Brass
the Latin word ‘sculpere’ which mean To - Alloy; Cooper and zink
Carve. PLASTER
FREESTANDING - Finely ground gypsum mixed with water
- Sculpture which can be viewed from all and poured into a mold. Dries quickly
sides depending on the size of the mold.
RELIEF Terra Cotta
- These are sculpture in which the figures - Cooked earth
project from a background - Baked clay or clay fired in a kiln at
Low Relief (bas relief) relatively high temperature.
- The figures are slightly raised/ projected GLASS
from its backgrounf - This made by heating a cooling a
High Relief combination of sand and soda lime.
- Almost half of the figures projects from its - Glass maybe transparent, translucent or
background opaque.
KINETIC (MOBILES) PLASTIC
- A sculpture that is capable off movement - Synthetic medium made from organic
by wind, water or other form of energy Polymers
SUBTRACTIVE PROCESS
- This process involves removing or cutting
away pieces of the material to form the
figure
- Use chisel, hammers, saws, and grinders
THE ARCHITECHTURE
- Designing buildings and other syructures
which will serve a define function
CONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLES
Post and lintel
- Two vertical support (post) sponsored by
a horizontal beam (linetel)
Arch
- Consist of separate pieces of wedge –
shaped blocks called voussoirs arranged
in semi circle
Barrel Vault
- Similar to a tunnel. It has openings one
on each end.
Groin Vault
- Formed by interesting arches resulting
four openins
Dome
- Shape of an inverted cup
- Base is called the drum
Truss
- A system of triangular forms assembled
to form a rigid framework
Cantilever
- Make a use of a beam or slap that
extends horizontally into space beyond
its supporting post.
Buttress
- Built a support for the wall. In most
European churches buttress built to
support the dome are called flying
buttress.
THE MEDIA OF ARCHITECTURE
Stones and bricks
- Favored over other material for its
durability
- Bricks compared favorably with stones as
a structural material
Lumber (wood)
- Major disadvantages are susceptibility
Iron and Steel
- Most important innovation in architecture
since ancient times
- Provide far stronger and taller structures
Concrete
- Mixture of cement snd water.
- Hardens rapidly resulting in a fire resting
LITERATURES AND COMBINED ARTS
Literature
- Art of combining spoken or written words
Language
- The medium of literature
POETRY
- Poems are written in lines and not in
sentences
- Follow strict rules a s to the number and
length lines and stanzas
- Uses figurative speeches
FICTION
- Written work that is not real and which
uses elaborate figurative language
- More structured than poetry
- Divided into chapters
NON-FICTION
- The subject matters from real life
DRAMA
- Includes all plays or any written works,
that are meant to perform
MUSIC
- Combining and regulating sounds of
varying pitch to produce compositions.
Medium in Music
- Vocal medium
- Soprano
- Contra Alto
- Tenor
- Bass
- Baritone
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
String Instrument
- Basic orchestral sounds
Bowed Strings
- Tones by means of bow of horse hair
Plucked Strings
- Plucking the strings with finger
Woodwind Instruments
- Creates sounds b blowing
Brass Instruments
- Have cup-shaped mouthpieces and
expands into a bell shaped end
Percussion Instruments
- Hitting them with the hands
Keyboard Instruments
- Keyboard which consist of a series of
black and white keys
GENRES OF MUSIC
 Classical Music
-European Tradition
 Folk Music
- Traditional Popular culture
 Pop Music
- Traditional Rock and Roll
 Jazz
- Late 19th century and early 20th
DANCE
- Oldest of all arts
- Mans gestures express emotions.
Types of Dance
Ethmologic Dance
- Folk dances associated with national or
cultural group
Social Ballroom
- Dance in pairs
Ballet
- Royal courts of medieval era
Musical Comedy
- One dances or group of dancers in
theaters
Drama and Theater
- Drama is acted out or performed on
stage in front of an audience
Cinema
- Motion pictures, most popular forms of
entertainment today
GENRES OF MOTION PICTURES
- Feature Films
- Animated Movies
- Documentary
- Experimental
- Educational
PEOPLE BEHIND THE MOTION PICTURE
- Actors
- Producers
- Screenwriter
- Director