ITRODUCTION OF ART
TV, opera
Humanities
- came from the Latin word humanus meaning
refined, cultured and human.
- study of the different cultural aspect of man,
his frailties in life and how it can be
improved.
Humanities are expressions of man’s feelings and
thoughts.
- emphasizes dignity and worthiness of man
and recognizes creative expressions.
- aimed to shape student’s subjective energies
(feelings, attitudes and aspirations) records
man’s quest for answers to the fundamental
questions he asks about himself and about
life.
Importance of Humanities
 Man needs an image of himself
 Understanding of his natures
 Necessary for the development of a
complete social man
 Provides with a measure of his own passion
and desire.
 Regulate man’s behavior
Etymology of Art
ART
- comes from the Aryan root word AR which
means to put together.
- Latin word ARS which means skills/ability
- cover those areas of artistic creativity.
- embraces the visual arts, literature, music
and dance.
- expresses aesthetic ideas by use of skill &
imagination.
Division of Arts
 Visual
- arts that are primarily seen, occupies space
Example: paintings, sculptures and architectures
 Auditory
- heard, timed arts; exist in time
Example: music and poetry
 Combined/performing arts
- combines visual & auditory elements
Example: drama & theatre, dancing, cinema &
Purposes of the Art
 Create beauty
 Provide decoration
 Reveal truth
 Immortalize
 Express religious values
 Record and commemorate experience
 Create order and harmony
BASIC ASSUMPTION OF THE ARTS
 Art has been created by all people at all times, in
all countries and it lives because its well-liked
and enjoyed.
 Art involves experience; there can never be
appreciation of art without experience.
 Art is not nature; Nature is not art.
 Art is made by man; Art is everywhere.
 Art is man’s oldest means of expression; Art as
a means of expression & communication.
Hieroglyphics
“The humanities constitute one of the oldest and
most important means of expression developed by
man”.
 Human history has witnessed how man evolved
not just physically but also culturally, from cave
painters to men of exquisite paintbrush users of
the present.
Even if one goes back to the time before written
records of man’s civilization has appeared, he can
find cases of man’s attempts of not just crafting
tools to live and survive but also expressing his
feelings and thoughts.
The Galloping Wild Boar
found in the cave of Altamira, Spain.
In 1879, a Spaniard and his daughter were exploring
a cave when they saw pictures of a wild boar, hind,
and bison.
PREHISTORIC PAINTINGS
According to experts, these paintings were
purported to belong to Upper Paleolithic Age,
several thousands of years before the current era.
Pre-historic men, with their crude instruments,
already showcased and manifested earliest attempts
at recording man’s innermost interests,
preoccupations, and thoughts.
The humanities, then, ironically, have started even
before the term has been coined. Human persons
have long been exercising what it means to be a
human long before he was even aware of his being
one.
The humanities stand tall in bearing witness to this
magnificent phenomenon. Any human person, then,
is tasked to participate, if not, totally partake in this
long tradition of humanizing himself.
FUNCTION OF ART AND PHILOSOPHY
Popular Art Expression
Visual Arts
- the kind of art form that the population is
most likely more exposed to, but its
variations are so diverse they range from
sculptures that you see in art galleries to the
last movie you saw.
- Some mediums of visual arts include
paintings, drawings, lettering, printing,
sculptures, digital imaging, and more.
Film
- refers to the art of putting together
successions of still images in order to create
an illusion of movement.
- Filmmaking focuses on its aesthetic,
cultural, and social value and is considered
as both an art and an industry.
Performance art
- a live art and the artist’s medium are mainly
the human body which he or she uses to
perform, but also employs other kind of art
such as visual art, props, or sound.
Poetry Performance
- Poetry is an art form where the artist
expresses his emotions not by using paint,
charcoal, or camera, but expresses them
through words.
Architecture
- the art of designing and constructing
buildings and other types of structures.
- It is often referred to as the “mother of the
arts” because it houses, serves as
background for, or occurs in relation to other
fields of art.
- Materials used include stone, concrete,
brick, wood, steel, glass, and plaster.
Dance
a series of movements that follows the rhythm of
the music accompaniment.
o Dance (French dancier) refers to human
movement either used as a form of
expression or presented in a social, spiritual
or performance setting.
o Choreography is the art of making dances,
and the person who does this is called a
choreographer.
Literary Art
- goes beyond the usual professional,
academic, journalistic, and other technical
form of writing.
- It focuses on writing using a unique style,
not following a specific form or norm.
- It may include both fiction and non-fiction
such as novels, biographies and poems.
Theater
- uses live performers to present accounts or
imaginary events before a live audience.
- Theater art performance usually follows a
script, though they should not be confused
with literary arts.
Applied Arts
- incorporate elements of style and design to
everyday items with the aim of increasing
their aesthetical value.
- Artists in this field bring beauty, charm, and
comfort into many things that are useful in
everyday life.
The Functions of Art
a) As a Therapy
In its therapeutic function, art can be and is used as
therapy for individuals with a variety of illnesses,
both physical and mental.
b) As Artifact
- A product of a particular time and place, an
artwork represents the ideas and technology
 of that specific time and place. As we look Types of Subjects
back over history, we find in art striking,
Representational Art
and in some cases, the only, tangible records
of some peoples. - These types of art have subjects that refer to
object or events occurring in the real world.
- The insights we gain into cultures, including - Often, it is also termed figurative art,
our own are enhanced tremendously by such because as the name suggest, the figures
artifacts as paintings, sculptures, poems, depicted are easy to makes out and decipher.
plays, and buildings.
Non-representational Art
- This art does not make a reference to the real
c) Personal Function of Art world, whether it is a person, place, thing, or
- The personal functions of art are varied and even a particular event.
highly subjective. - It is stripped down to visual elements such
as shapes, lines, emotion, and even concept.
- This means that its function depends on the
person- the artist who created the art. Sources of the Subject
 Nature
d) Social Function of Art  History
- Art is considered to have a social function if  Greek and Roman
and when it addresses a particular collective  Mythology
interest as opposed to a personal interest.  Judeo- Christian
 Tradition
- Political art is a very common example of an  Sacred Oriental Texts
art with a social function. Art may convey  Other works of art
message of protest, contestation, or whatever
message the artist intends his work to carry. Kinds of Subject
 History
e) Physical Function of Art  Still Life
- Are the easiest to spot and understand.  Animals
 Myth
- can be found in artworks that are crafted in  Landscape
order to serve some physical purpose.  Seascape
 Figures
f) Other Functions of Art  Nature
- Music as an art is also interesting to talk  Cityscape
about in relation to function. Music in its  Mythology
original form was principally functional.  Dreams
Music was used for dance and religion.  Fantasies

- Unlike today, when one can just listen to
music for the sake of music’s sake, the
ancient world saw music only as an
instrument to facilities worship and
invocation to gods.
- Music also was essential to dance because
music assures synchronicity among dancers.
 Art as a Representation
 Art as a Disinterested Judgment
 Art as a Communication of Emotion
Subject and Content
 Subject refers to the visual focus or the image
that may be extracted from examining the
artwork.
 Content is the meaning that is communicated
by the artist or the artwork.
Levels of meaning
 FACTUAL
- pertains to the most rudimentary level of
meaning for it may be extracted from the
identifiable or recognizable forms in the
artwork and understanding how these
elements relate to one another.
 CONVENTIONAL
- pertains to the acknowledged
interpretation of the artwork using
motifs, signs, symbols and other cyphers
as bases of its meaning. These
conventions are established through
 time, strengthened by recurrent use and
wide acceptance by its viewers or
audience and scholars who study then.
 SUBJECTIVE
- When subjectivities are consulted, a
variety of meaning may arise when a
particular work of art is read. These
meanings stem from the viewer’s or
audience’s circumstances that come into
play when engaging with art.
ARTIST AND ARTISAN
Who is an Artist?
- a person who performs any of the
creative arts. This captures all forms of
art.
- able to create art for the sake of art itself
without needing any ulterior motives.
For an example:
A person who paints can be referred to
as an artist. In the modern world, the
term artist is also used for musicians as
well.
Artist is not only attributed for those who create art
as an occupation, but also for those who are skilled
in a particular activity such as drawing, designing,
composing, etc.
Who is an Artisan?
- The Latin ancestor of this term is artire,
which means “to instruct in the arts.”
- a skilled worker who makes things by hand.
This includes various objects ranging from
jewelry to furniture.
- able to produce something that has a
functional value; although it should not be
limited to its use value alone.
- However, it must be stressed that there are
cases where the objects created by an artisan
has only decorative value.
Production Process
- The process of creating an artwork does not
necessarily follow a linear progression. One
the things that one must accept is the fact
that the arts have anarchic dimension to it,
allowing it to fully harness its creative
potential.
- The very reason why different art styles,
periods, and movements were made
possible, is because there was a form of
flexibility given to artist in terms of how to
conceptualize and execute their ideas into
reality.
- But this does not mean there is no guiding
principle that governs the general process of
art production.
The process is essentially tripartite:
1. Preproduction.
- The artist always begins with an idea
that he wants to express or
communicate with his audience.
- It may not necessarily be fully
formulated, and so some form of
exposure, research, and their
approaches may be explored to get
the idea long before actually making
the artwork.
2. Production
- Gathering and sourcing the materials
needed for the creation of the artwork is
either subsumed under preproduction or
the production stage.
- Either way, materials form one of the
most crucial aspects that inform the
direction, quality, and the final output
itself.
3. Postproduction.
- Once an artwork is finished, it will then be
decided on how it will be circulated not only
in the art world, but the many publics.
- If the artist decides that he alone should see
the work, then so be it. But most of the time,
if not always, the creation of the object
requires that it be seen, heard, touched,
and/or experienced in a variety of ways.
- These may include allowing the artwork to
set, tweaking the artwork, preparing the
artwork for transport and display, and even
the promotion and inclusion of the artwork
in publications or discussions.
Medium and Technique
 Medium
- is one of the aspects of art that directly
correlates with its composition and
presumed finality of the artwork.
 - is the mode of expression in which the 1. Line
concept, idea, or message is conveyed. - is a mark on a surface that describes a shape
or outline. It can create texture and can be
- It may be concrete or tangible, such as thick and thin.
paintings, sculptures, monuments, and - Types of line can include actual, implied,
structures; or it may be ephemeral or vertical, horizontal, diagonal and contour
something transient, such as a track line.
(recording of sound), a film, or a - is an important
performance. element at the
disposal of every
The appreciation or engagement with the artwork is
artist.
also affected by the medium spatiotemporally.
 Concrete works – the object physically - always has
manifests themselves for a prolonged or lasting direction, always
period. moving.
 Epheral works – It is durational.
- as used in any
 Technique work of art, may either be straight or curved.
- Giving two different artist the same exact
material and the general qualifier of Lines are the first element of art and are continuous
“painting”’ the end product will still vary marks that are made on any surface with a moving
minimally or in an exponential scale. point.

- The technique of the artwork shows the level

of familiarity with the medium being
Lines can be used in various ways to create different
manipulated.
compositions.

 It alludes to the necessity of additional tools or

implements (e.g., hammer and chisel may come
A line can be used to express various things or
in handy for sculptors,)
feelings; it can be used to show various moods or
anything abstract.
 consideration of time (e.g., behavior of different
kinds of paint especially in drying time
requirements)
Line serves as an essential building block of art,
but it can also serve as the content itself of a work
 the specificity of the site of creation (e.g., indoor of art, or be manipulated to evoke an emotional or
or outdoor production requirements). intellectual response from a viewer (Fichner-
Rathus, 2010).
VISUAL ARTS
The Elements of Visual Arts What do this line suggest?
Lines Horizontal Lines
Color
Texture - are lines of repose and serenity. They
Perspective express ideas of calmness and quiescence.
Space
Form - Only horizontal lines can give a feeling of
Volume peacefulness and stillness.

 The elements of art are the visual components

Diagonal Lines
which are required to create a work of art.
 Knowing the basics of the elements of visual art - are used to create feelings of movement or
can help any artist to create a well-balanced and action.
beautiful design.
 To develop a more thorough understanding of - Curved lines, sometimes referred as S
artistic composition, one must learn how to curves, suggest gracefulness or sexiness.
examine and utilize the various to art elements.
 - It is up to the artist how he conveys his - Theoretically all
message, in the best way possible through hues can be
the use of lines. mixed from three
basic hues,
Vertical Lines
known as
- are poised for action. They are poised, primaries.
balanced, forceful, and dynamic. They
express an impression of dignity.

- Only vertical lines can be used to express an

b) A color wheel is an
orderly feeling.
abstract illustrative
There are various ways to integrate lines into a organization of color
photograph to help strengthen the overall hues around a circle,
composition and draw attention to a specific focal that shows
point. relationships between
primary, secondary,
Three Main Types of Line
and tertiary colors, etc.
 Repetition occurs when two
or more lines are drawn within
a corner following the lines of c) Value refers to the lightness or
the corner. darkness of a color. It is the
quality which depends on the
amount of light and dark in
 Lines that are in opposition to each other form a color.
contrast.
d) Tints are values above the normal.
 A transition line is a line that
connects two workflow e) Shades are values below the normal.
elements. Transition lines
allow you to define what the f) Intensity refers to the brightness or darkness of
next step in a workflow will be. color. It gives color strength. When a hue is
vivid form, it is said to be in full intensity.
When it is dulled, it is said to be partly
To summarize, including leading lines within a neutralized.
photograph is a composition technique that can
strongly influence the overall result of an image.
Psychology of Colors
Leading lines can direct a person’s eye to a main
focal point or, if used incorrectly, can draw the eye Colors have varied psychological and emotional
away from the subject or appear to cut a photo in connotations.
half. Black – associated with death and gloom.
White – stands for purity and innocence.
Red – associated with blood, anger and fear.
2. Color Green – implies happiness and abundance.
- refers to the visual perception of light being
reflected from a surface of an artwork.
In the most basic classification, colors can be 3. Texture
divided into three groups: primary, secondary and - is the element that deals more directly with
tertiary. the sense of touch.
- applies to how an object feels or appears to
Attributes of Color feel.
a) Hue - can be either implied or actual.
- the term for the pure spectrum colors Texture is the element that deals more directly with
commonly referred to by the "color names" - the sense of touch.
red, orange, yellow, blue, green violet -
which appear in the hue circle or rainbow.
 - It has to do with the characteristics of
surfaces which can be rough or smooth, fine
or coarse, shiny or dull, plain or irregular.
 Implied texture
- expresses the idea of how a surface might
feel.
For example: a painting of a blanket might convey
the idea that the blanket is soft.
 Actual texture
- is texture that can actually be felt.
For example: a ceramic bowl might feature a carved
texture that could be felt when holding that bowl.
4. Perspective
- deals with the effect of distance upon the
appearance of objects, by means of which
the eye judge’s spatial relationships.
Kinds of Perspective
 Linear perspective
- the representation of an appearance of
distance by means of converging lines.
- It has to do with the direction of lines and
with the size of objects.
 Aerial perspective
- the representation of relative distances of
objects by gradations of tone or color.
- Objects become fainter in the distance due to
the effect of the atmosphere.
- Objects appear to be lighter in color as they
recede into the distance or atmosphere.
5. Space
- refers to how the artist fills the surface on
which a work of art is created.
- It can also refer to the expression of depth
within a work of art.
- When talking about a three-dimensional
object, space is the actual volume that is
taken up by the artwork.
Space as an element of art, refers to distances or
areas around, between or within components of a
piece.
Space can be positive (white or light) or negative
(black or dark), open or closed, shallow or deep and
two-dimensional or three-dimensional.
Sometimes space isn't actually within a piece, but
the illusion of it is.
Kinds of Space
 Positive space – the areas in a work of art
that are the subjects, or areas of interest.
 Negative space – areas around the subjects,
or areas of interest.
Note:
Shape, Form, and Volume are words that are used to
describe distinct areas or parts of works of art or
architecture.
6. Form
- applies to the over-all design of a work of
art.
- It describes the structure or shape of an
object.
Form refers to a three-dimensional object. As such,
form is an art term that is only applied to those
artworks that are three-dimensional, such as
sculpture and pottery.
Types of Form
 Organic forms such as these snow-covered
boulders typically are irregular in outline, and
often asymmetrical. Organic forms are most
often thought of as naturally occurring.
 Geometric forms are those which correspond to
named regular shapes, such as squares,
rectangles, circles, cubes, spheres, cones, and
other regular forms.
7. Volume
- refers to the amount of space occupied in
three dimensions.
- It refers to solidity or thickness.
TOPICS FOR HUMANITIES
 ORIGIN OF ARCHITECTURE
 ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE
 MUSIC
 COMBINATIONS OF INSTRUMENTS
 DRAMA
 DANCE