ARTA 111 PRELIMS REVIEWER
LESSON # 1:Introduction: Art Appreciation
HUMANITIES
● Humanities Came from the Latin word
``humanus” meaning refined, cultured and
human.
● study of the different cultural aspect of man, his
frailties in life and how it can be
improved-records man’s quest for answers to
the fundamental questions he asks about
himself and about life
● Humanitiesare expressions of man’s feelings
and thoughts
● emphasizes dignity and worthiness of man and
recognizes creative expressions
● aimed to shape students’ subjective energies
(feelings, attitudes and aspirations)
IMPORTANCE OF HUMANITIES
● Man needs an image of himself.-Understanding
of his natures.-Necessary for the development of
a complete,social man.
● Provides man with a measure of his own
passion and desire.
● Regulate man’s behavior.
ETYMOLOGY OF ART
● ART comes from the Aryan root word “AR”
which means to put together
● Latin word ARS which means skills/ability
● cover those areas of artistic creativity
● embracesthe visual arts, literature, music and
dance
● expresses aesthetic ideas by use of skill or
imagination
DIVISION OF THE ARTS
● Visual - arts that are primarily seen, occupies
space
○ Painting, sculptures and architecture
● Auditory - heard, timed arts; exist in time
○ Music and poetry
● Combined/performing arts - combines visual &
auditory elements
○ Drama & theater, dancing, cinema & TV
opera
PURPOSES OF THE ARTS
1. Create beauty
2. Provide decoration
3. Reveal truth
4. Immortalize
5. Express religious values
6. Record and commemorate experience
7. Create order & harmony
LESSON #2: Assumption and Nature of Art
BASIC ASSUMPTIONS OF THE ART
ART AND NATURE
● Art is not nature. Art is made by human
beings.Artists frequently find their inspiration and
subject in nature, and artists do use nature as a
medium,but art itself not nature.
● Art is made by human beings, and no matter
how close it is to nature, it always shows that it
was made by human beings.
● The function of the artist is to help us understand
the nature of things, to realize the possibilities in
the world, to develop insights or enlarge
imagination by creating or revealing new
subjects.
● “Art is not nature; Nature is not art.
● Art is made by man;
● Art is everywhere.
● “Art is everywhere, except it has to pass through
a creative mind. – Louise Nevelson”
● Art is man’s oldest means of expression;
● Art as a means of expression and
communication.
HIEROGLYPHICS
● “The humanities constitute one of the oldest and
most important means of expression developed
by man”. Human history has witnessed how man
evolved not just physically but also culturally,
from cave painters to men of exquisite
paintbrush users of the present. Even if one
goes back to the time before written records of
man’s civilization appeared, he can find cases of
man’s attempts of not just crafting tools to live
and survive but also expressing his feelings and
thoughts. The Galloping Wild Boar found in the
cave of Altamira, Spain is one such example. In
1879, a Spaniard and his daughter were
exploring a cave when they saw pictures of a
wild boar, hind, and bison.

ART INVOLVES EXPERIENCE
● All art depends on experience, and if one is
know art, he must know it is not as fact or
information but experience = emotion
The Galloping Wild Boar found in the cave of
Altamira, Spain.
● PREHISTORIC PAINTINGS According to
experts, these paintings were purported to
belong to the Upper Paleolithic Age, several
thousands of years before the current era.
Pre- historic men, with their crude
instruments, already showcased and
manifested earliest attempts at recording
man’s innermost interests, preoccupations, and
thoughts.
● The humanities, then, ironically, have started
even before the term has been coined.
Human persons have long been exercising
what it means to be a human long before he was
even aware of his being one. The humanities
stand tall in bearing witness to this magnificent
phenomenon. Any human person, then, is
tasked to participate, if not, totally partake in this
long tradition of humanizing himself.
LESSON# #3 Function of Art and Philosophy
POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS
● Is the kind of art form that the population is
most likely more exposed to, but its
variations are so diverse they range from
sculptures that you see in art galleries to the
last movie you saw. Some mediums of visual
arts include paintings, drawings, lettering,
printing, sculptures, digital imaging, and more.
● FILM - refers to the art of putting together
successions of still images in order to create
an illusion of movement, Filmmaking focuses
on its aesthetic, cultural, and social value and
is considered as both an art and an industry.
● PERFORMANCE ART is a live art and the
artist’s medium is mainly the human body
which he or she uses to perform, but also
employs other kind of art such as visual art,
props, or sound.
● Poetry Performance Poetry is an art form where
the artist where the artist expresses his
expresses his emotions not by emotions not by
using paint, using paint, charcoal, or camera,
charcoal, or camera, but expresses them but
expresses them through words. through words.
● Architecture – is the art of designing, and
constructing buildings and other types of
structures. It is often referred to as the mother of
the arts``because it houses, serves as
background for, or occurs in relation to to other
fields of art. Materials used include stone,
concrete, brick, wood, steel, glass, and plaster.
● DANCE is a series of movements that follows
the rhythm of the music accompaniment.
○ Dance (french dancier) - generally refers
to human movement either used as a
form of expression or presented in a
social spiritual or performance setting
● Choreography - art of making dances, and the
person who does this is called choreographer.
● LITERARY ART goes beyond the usual,
professional, academic, journalistic, and other
technical form of writing. It focuses on writing
using a unique style, not following a specific
form or norm. It may include both fiction and
non-fiction such as novels, biographies and
poems.
● APPLIED ARTS incorporate elements of style
and design to everyday items with the aim of
increasing their aesthetical value. Artists in this
field bring beauty, charm, and comfort into many
things that are useful in everyday life
FUNCTION OF ART
AS AS THERAPY
● In its therapeutic function, art can be and is
used as therapy for individuals with a variety of
illnesses, illnesses, both physical and mental.
ART AS ARTIFACT
● Art also functions as an artifact: A product of a
particular time and place, an artwork represents
the ideas and technology of that specific time
and place. As we look back over history, we find
in art striking, and in some cases, the only,
tangible records of some peoples. The insights
we gain into cultures, including our own are
enhanced tremendously by such artifacts as
paintings, sculptures, poems, plays, and
buildings
PERSONAL FUNCTION OF ART
● The personal functions of art are varied and
highly subjective. This means that its function
depends on the person- the artist who created
the art.
SOCIAL FUNCTION OF ART
 ● Art is considered to have a social function if and
when it addresses a particular collective interest
as opposed to a personal interest. Political art is
a very common example of an art with a social
function. Art may convey a message of protest,
contestation, or whatever message the artist
intends his work to carry.
PHYSICAL FUNCTION OF ART
● The physical functions of art are the easiest to
spot and understand. The physical functions of
art can be found in artworks that are crafted in
order to serve some physical purpose.
OTHER FUNCTION OF ART
● Music as an art is also interesting to talk about in
relation to function. Music in its original form was
principally functional. Music was used for dance
and religion. Unlike today, when one can just
listen to music for the sake of music’s sake, the
ancient world saw music only as an instrument
to facilities worship and invocation to gods.
Music also was essential to dance because
music assures synchronicity among dancers.
● Art as a Representation
● Art as a Disinterested Judgment
● Art as a Communication of Emotion
SUBJECT AND CONTENT
● Subject refers to the visual focus or the image
that may be extracted from examining the
artwork.
● Content is the meaning that is communicated by
the artist or the artwork.
TYPES OF SUBJECT
Representational Art
● These types of art have subjects that refer to
object or events occurring in the real world.
Often, it is also termed figurative art, because as
the name suggest, the figures depicted are easy
to makes out and decipher.
Non representational Art
● This art does not make a reference to the real
world, whether it is a person, place, thing, or
even a particular event. It is stripped down to
visual elements such as shapes, lines, emotion,
and even concept.
CONTENT IN ART
Levels of meaning
● Factual pertains to the most rudimentary level of
meaning for it may be extracted from the
identifiable or recognizable forms in the artwork
and understanding how these elements relate to
one another.
● Conventional meaning, on the other hand,
pertains to the acknowledged interpretation of
the artwork using motifs, signs, symbols and
other cyphers as bases of its meaning. These
conventions are established through time,
strengthened by recurrent use and wide
acceptance by its viewers or audience and
scholars who study then.
● When subjectivities are consulted, a variety of
meaning may arise when a particular work of art
is read. These meanings stem from the viewer’s
or audience’s circumstances that come into play
when engaging with art.
LESSON#4: ARTIST AND ARTISANS
Who is an Artist?
● An artist is a person who performs any of the
creative arts.
● This captures all forms of art. is an art
practitioner such as painter, sculptor,
choreographer, dancer, musician, etc. who
produces or creates indirectly functional arts with
aesthetic value using imagination.
● The specialty of an artist is that he is able to
create art for the sake of art itself without
needing any ulterior motives.
What is an Artisan?
● An artisan is a skilled worker who makes things
by hand. This includes various objects ranging
from jewelry to furniture.
● An artisan should not be confused with an artist
because there is a clear difference in the things
that they create.
● An artisan is able to produce something that has
a functional value; although it should not be
limited to its use value alone
What is the difference between Artist and Artisan
Definitions of Artist and Artisan:
● Artist: An artist is a person who performs any of
the creative arts.
● Artisan: An artisan is a skilled worker who
makes things by hand.
Characteristics of Artist and Artisan: Artistic Value:
● Artist: The object has a clear artistic value.
● Artisan: The object has an artistic value.
Functional Value:
● Artist: The object has no functional value.
● Artisan: The object has a functional value.
Object:
● Artist: The object has a lot of aesthetic value and
is appreciated for this quality as it pleases the
individual.
● Artisan: The object though utilitarian has certain
aesthetic attributes to it.
Cologne Cathedral in Germany
● An examples of early Gothic architecture.
● This is also a collaboration between the artist
who made the design and the Artisan who help
in the construction of the whole building
Artisan and Guilds
● These guilds where towns had formalized
groups of artisans or craftsmen who took on a
particular specialization or trade; shoemakers,
textile and glass workers, carpenters, carvers,
masons, armorers, and weapon-makers, among
others. Here, the practice of artists was not
grounded on the idea of individual capacities or
success ; rather, in the commitment to work
together as a collective.
● Guilds were a type of social fellowship, an
association structured with rules, customs,
rights, and responsibilities. With a lifetime
commitment to a particular trade, an artisans
develops immense skill and expertise in his
craft.
PHILIPPINE Artisans
● Church of the Most Holy Trinity in Loay, Bohol.
● Spanish friars commissioned a lot of artisans to
carve, paint, and engrave images for churches
and public sites.
What is an Art Curator?
● Art curators are employed by museums and art
galleries to design, develop and manage
installations and exhibits. This requires them to
acquire works of art, ensure proper storage and
help maintain museum collections.
● Art curators typically specialize in specific areas
of art, like Western, Asian or contemporary art.
The job duties of a curator are vast. They may
put on public events like lectures and
workshops, write grants and conduct fundraising
activities. In addition, they conduct research
projects and write papers for publication.
Role of an Art Curator?
● the role of the curator is more of the
interpretation and development of the artwork(s)
or the collection(s) through establishing the
significance, relationship, and relevance of these
materials
● in isolation and/or as part of a wider narrative.
Some of the roles expected of curators are the
ability to research and write, as an arbiter of
design and layout , and deciding for the display
and hanging of materials foe exhibition.
FILM MAKING
Production Process
(1) preproduction.
(2) production, and
(3) postproduction
The two major awards given to artist in the Philippines
are the Order ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining (Order
of national Artist) and Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan
(National Living Treasures Award).
● The conferment of the Order of National Artist is
the “highest national recognition given to Filipino
individuals who have made significant
contributions to the development of Philippine
Arts; namely, music, dance, theater, visual arts,
literature, film, broadcast art, and architecture
and allied arts. The order is jointly administered
by the Philippines (CCP) and conferred by the
President of the Philippines upon
recommendation by both institutions” (NCCA,
2015
The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA) or The
National Living Treasures Award was created in 1902
● a “Manlilikha ng Bayan” who is a “citizen
engaged in any traditional art uniquely Filipino
whose distinctive skills have reached such a
high level of technical and artistic excellence and
have been passed on to and widely practiced by
the present generation in his/ her community
with the same degree of technical and artistic
competence” (NCCA,2015). This artists’ practice
may fall under the following categories: folk,
architecture, maritime transport, weaving,
carving, performing arts, literature, graphic and
plastic art, ornament, textile or fiber art, pottery
and other artistic expressions of traditional
culture
ART APPRECIATION
The Elements of Visual Arts
The Elements of Visual Arts
LINE
• Line is a mark on a
surface that describes a
shape or outline. It can
create texture and can
be thick and thin. Types
of line can include actual,
implied, vertical,
horizontal, diagonal and
contour line.
 LINE

• is an important element at the disposal

of every artist.

• always has direction, always moving.

• as used in any work of art, may either be

straight or curved.
• Lines are the first element of art and are
continuous marks that are made on any
surface with a moving point.

• Lines can be used in various ways to create

different compositions.

• A line can be used to express various

things or feelings; it can be used to show
various moods or anything abstract.
 Line serves as an essential
building block of art, but it can also
serve as the content itself of a work of
art, or be manipulated to evoke an
emotional or intellectual response from
a viewer (Fichner-Rathus, 2010).
What do these lines suggest?

VERTICAL LINES

HORIZONTAL LINES

DIAGONAL LINES

CURVED LINES
Vertical Lines
• Vertical lines are
poised for action.
They are poised,
balanced, forceful,
and dynamic. They
express an
impression of dignity.
Only vertical lines can be used to
express an orderly feeling
VERTICAL LINES
Horizontal Lines
• Horizontal lines are
lines of repose and
serenity. They
express ideas of
calmness and
quiescence..
Only horizontal lines can give a
feeling of peacefulness and stillness.
 BORACAY
Travel News Philippines:
Discovery Shores Boracay
gets three awards from
Travel + Leisure, Siargao
Named 9th best Surfing
Spot Worldwide by CNN

SIARGAO
 Diagonal lines are
used to create feelings
of movement or action.

SIARGAO: The Surfing

Capital of the Philippines
 Curved lines, sometimes
referred as S curves, suggest
gracefulness or sexiness.
If you want to photograph S curves, the
human body makes for a wonderful subject.

From the arch of a foot to the curve of a neck,

you can find many ways to capture curved
leading lines by photographing the human form.
It is up to the artist how he
conveys his message, in the
best way possible through the
use of lines.
 There are various ways to
integrate lines into a photograph to
help strengthen the overall
composition and draw attention to a
specific focal point.
ACTIVITY: LEADING LINES IN
PHOTOGRAPHY
When using vertical lines within a photo, it’s a good idea to follow the rule of thirds,
failure to do so can result in a photo looking as though it’s been cut in half. It is also
important to try to keep the vertical line as straight as possible. Vertical leading lines
can help to illustrate growth, authority, strength, or dominance. Some examples of
vertical leading lines in photography include photographs of trees or tall buildings.
When composing your photo to include horizontal leading lines, make sure
they’re as straight as possible and consider following the rule of thirds. This
photo, for example, places the land and horizon along the bottom third of the
image, while the sky fills the top two-thirds of the shot. Further, the photo was
composed so the bride and groom are along the left-third of the image.
This photo uses both horizontal and vertical lines. Although the bulrushes are the
obvious use of vertical lines, the horizontal line of the horizon is more subtle. Note,
too, that the photo has been composed so the landscape follows the rule of thirds.
Curved lines, sometimes referred as S curves, can help lead the eye through
a photo and can suggest gracefulness, sexiness, or sensuality. Despite the
name, S curves don’t need to be shaped exactly like an “s.” Any strong
leading line that winds or curves can be considered an S curve. Some curved
leading lines often used in photography include paths and rivers.
When including diagonal leading lines within a photo, it’s best if you can position
them so that they start and finish just above or below the corner of a photo, like
the railroad tracks shown here. This will prevent the image from looking like it has
been split in half. Because our eyes naturally scan photos from left to right,
composing an image to include diagonal leading lines that flow from the bottom
left to the top right of a photo is also a great way to compose a shot.
The body of this acoustic guitar is a great example of S curves.
Note the use of other leading lines in this photo too – the diagonal
lines of the guitar strings, and the horizontal lines of the sheet of
music in the background.
Three Main Types of Lines
• Repetition occurs
when two or more
lines are drawn within
a corner following the
lines of the corner.
Three Main Types of Lines
• Lines that are in
opposition to each
other form a
contrast.
Three Main Types of Lines
• A transition line is a
line that connects two
workflow elements.
Transition lines allow
you to define what the
next step in a
workflow will be.
To summarize, including leading lines
within a photograph is a composition
technique that can strongly influence the
overall result of an image.

Leading lines can direct a person’s eye to a

main focal point or, if used incorrectly, can
draw the eye away from the subject or
appear to cut a photo in half.
 The Art Element of Color

Color refers
to the visual
perception of
light being
reflected
from a
surface of an
artwork.
In the most basic classification, colors
can be divided into three groups:
primary, secondary and tertiary.
Attributes of Color
• Hue is the term for the pure
spectrum colors commonly
referred to by the "color
names" - red, orange,
yellow, blue, green violet -
which appear in the hue
circle or rainbow.
Theoretically all hues can
be mixed from three basic
hues, known as primaries.
Color Wheel
• A color wheel is an
abstract illustrative
organization of color
hues around a circle, that
shows relationships
between primary,
secondary, and tertiary
colors, etc.
Attributes of Color
• Value refers to the
lightness or darkness
of a color. It is the
quality which
depends on the
amount of light and
dark in color.
 Attributes of Color
• Tints are values Intensity refers to the
above the normal brightness or darkness of
color. It gives color strength.
• Shades are values When a hue is vivid form, it
below the normal. is said to be in full intensity.
When it is dulled, it is said to
be partly neutralized.
 Psychology of Colors

• Colors have varied psychological and emotional

connotations.
– Black is associated with death and gloom
– White stands for purity and innocence
– Red is associated with blood, anger and fear
– Green implies happiness and abundance
Meanings of Colors Conveyed
by the Rose
•Red is for “I love you”
•Pink conveys “Thank you”
•White says “You are heavenly”
•Coral speaks of desire.
•White roses denote secrecy, reverence and
humility.
•Deep pink roses convey gratitude and
appreciation.
•Light pink express sympathy, grace and
gentility
• Red roses also mean courage
and fortitude
• Yellow roses stand for freedom
• Red and Yellow stand for jovial
/happy feelings
• Orange roses speak of
enthusiasm and desire
• Red and White convey unity
TEXTURE
 is the element that deals more
directly with the sense of touch.

 applies to how an object feels

or appears to feel.

 can be either implied or actual.

 texture

• Texture is the element

that deals more directly
with the sense of touch.
• It has to do with the
characteristics of surfaces
which can be rough or
smooth, fine or coarse,
shiny or dull, plain or
irregular.
• Implied texture expresses the idea of
how a surface might feel. For example, a
painting of a blanket might convey the idea
that the blanket is soft.

• Actual texture, on the other hand, is

texture that can actually be felt. For
example, a ceramic bowl might feature a
carved texture that could be felt when
holding that bowl.
WOOD TEXTURE
PERSPECTIVE
• Perspective deals
with the effect of
distance upon the
appearance of
objects, by means of
which the eye judges
spatial relationships.
Kinds of Perspective
• Linear perspective is
the representation of an
appearance of distance
by means of converging
lines.
• It has to do with the
direction of lines and with
the size of objects.
 Linear Perspective
•Painters usually show the effect
of space and distance by using
converging lines and diminishing
size.
•Parallel lines below the eye
level seem to rise to a vanishing Foreshortening is
point in the horizon, while those the representation of
above the eye level seem to
objects or parts of
descend to the vanishing point.
the body as smaller
from the point of view
of the observer.
Kinds of Perspective
• Aerial perspective is the
representation of relative
distances of objects by
gradations of tone or color.
• Objects become fainter in
the distance due to the
effect of the atmosphere.
Objects appear to be lighter
in color as they recede into
the distance or atmosphere.
The Art Element of Space

Space refers to how the artist fills the

surface on which a work of art is created. It
can also refer to the expression of depth
within a work of art.

When talking about a three-dimensional

object, space is the actual volume that is
taken up by the artwork.
SPACE
• Space as an element of
art, refers to distances or areas
around, between or within
components of a piece.
• Space can be positive (white or
light) or negative (black or
dark),open or closed, shallow or
deep and two-
dimensional or three-
dimensional.
• Sometimes space isn't actually
within a piece, but the illusion of it
is.
Kinds of Space
• Positive space - the
areas in a work of art
that are the subjects, or
areas of interest.
• Negative space – areas
around the subjects, or
areas of interest.
Shape, Form, and Volume are words
that are used to describe distinct areas
or parts of works of art or architecture.
FORM
• Form applies to the
over-all design of a
work of art.
• It describes the
structure or shape of
an object.
The Art Element of Form
Form refers to a three-dimensional
object. As such, form is an art term that
is only applied to those artworks that are
three-dimensional, such as sculpture
and pottery.
Forms, much like shapes, can be
geometric or organic. Geometric forms
have hard lines and edges. Organic
forms are curvy and more free-form.
 Types of Form

• Form and shape can also be described as

either organic or geometric.
• Organic forms such as these snow-covered boulders
typically are irregular in outline, and often asymmetrical.
Organic forms are most often thought of as naturally
occurring.
• Geometric forms are those which correspond to named
regular shapes, such as squares, rectangles, circles, cubes,
spheres, cones, and other regular forms.
Organic and Geometric Forms
KENNETH COBONPUE’S
DESIGNS

Kenneth Cobonpue 's Knottee

hanging lamp at Hive
 Croissant sofa Croissant

Amaya CoffeeTable
Yin Yang Chair
VOLUME
• Volume refers to the
amount of space
occupied in three
dimensions.
• It refers to solidity or
thickness.
References:

Callow, R. (2014, January 21). Photo Gallery: Leading Lines in

Photography. Retrieved from http://blog.posterjack.ca/2014/01/21/
photo-gallery-leading-lines-in-photography/

Fichner-Rathus, L. (2010). Foundations of Art and Design. USA:

Thomson Learning Inc.

Rich, S. (2005, September 9). Kenneth Cobonpue. Design, Green

Furniture. Retrieved from http://inhabitat.com/kenneth-cobonpue/
 TOPICS FOR HUMANITIES

1. ORIGIN OF ARCHITECTURE
2. ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE
3. MUSIC
4. COMBINATIONS OF INSTRUMENTS
5. DRAMA
6. DANCE